Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the...

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Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E

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Transcript of Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the...

Page 1: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Introduction

PA 544

Clinical Anatomy & Physiology

Dr. Tony Serino

“The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.”

Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E

Page 2: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Anatomy & Physiology

• Anatomy –study of body structures and their relationships

• Physiology –study of body mechanisms (homeostasis)

• Andreas Vesalius’s De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) 1543 AD; was the founding work on which Anatomy is based

Page 3: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Types of Anatomy• Regional Anatomy –study of body structure by focusing

on a specific part, region, or subregion including all of its systemic features. Useful for:– Understanding 3D arrangements of structures

– Layers of the body

– The relationships among its structures

• Surface Anatomy –study of body surface, referencing what lies beneath– Useful for visualization of internal anatomy

– Used in medical diagnosis (palpation) and treatment

• Systemic Anatomy –study of body structure focusing on organ systems– The way most undergrad anatomy is taught

Page 4: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Systems and related Medical Field• Integumentary Dermatology

• Skeletal Osteology

• Joints Arthrology

• Muscular Mycology

• Nervous Neurology

• Circulation Angiology

• Heart Cardiology

• Digestion Gastroenterology

• Respiratory Pulmonology

• Urinary Urology

• Reproductive Gynecology (female), Andrology (male)

• Endocrine Endocrinology

Orthropedics

Page 5: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Body Plan• Tube within a tube

• Bilateral Symmetry

• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord

Page 6: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Internal vs. External Environment

Page 7: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Body Cavities

(Peritoneal cavity)

Page 8: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Serous Membranes & Mesenteries• Mesothelium (simple squamous

epithelium) lining the body cavities (parietal) and their organs (visceral)

• Each membrane is named for the cavity it lines

• Form double membranes which suspend organs within cavities

• True mesenteries connect the body wall to the organ

• Ligaments connect organ to organ

Page 9: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Visceral vs. Parietal

Parietal membrane

Body Cavity filled with serous fluid

Visceral membrane

Page 10: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Pericardium

Page 11: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Pleura

Parietal Pleura

Visceral Pleura

Pleural cavity

Page 12: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Parietal Peritoneum

Peritoneum

Visceral PeritoneumPeritonealcavity

Page 13: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Body Plan

Body Planes

• Tube within a tube

• Bilateral Symmetry

• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord

Anatomical Position

Page 14: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Body Plan

• Tube within a tube

• Bilateral Symmetry

• Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord

Anatomical directions.

Page 15: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Anatomical Variation

• Anatomy described here represents 70% of the population

• Expect variation in specimens

• Veins vary most, arteries and nerves the least.

Ooops! Didn’t expect this in the abdomen.

Things one never wants to hear in the OR.

Page 16: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Homeostasis

• Maintenance of a constant internal environment

• Uses a reflex arc to self regulate

• Reflex functions to maintain a certain set point with a narrow physiological range

Page 17: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Set Point and Range

Page 18: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Factors Affecting Homeostasis

• Feedback –negative or positive

• Feed-forward regulation

• Acclimatization

• Biorhythms

Page 19: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Body Fluids

Transcellular fluids are filtrates of the plasma

Page 20: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Important Ions

Page 21: Introduction PA 544 Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Dr. Tony Serino “The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science.” Hippocrates ~350 B.C.E.

Systems Overview

• Next few lectures will deal with anatomy and physiology that is represented throughout most regions of the body.

• Systems include: Integument, Skeletal, Muscular, Vessels (CV and Lymphatic), and Nervous Systems


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