Introduction of System Engineering

Prof. Jer-Nan Juang09/25/2008 (GSC)

Prof. Jer-Nan Juang

Adjunct Professor

National Taiwan University

2

Outline

• Definition of System Engineering

• Systems Engineering Process Models

• System Engineering Standards

3

Process Example: A Table of Delicious Dishes

Customer

Requirements:Eat

Recipe

Market

Bargain

Rinse

IQC : Incoming Quality Control

Monitoring & Measurement

Cook

Production Behavior

Business Behavior

Purchase Behavior

Test

Packing

Final Check

Delivery

IPQC: In Process

Quality Control

FQC : Final

Quality Control

Complaint:Bad Quality

CorrectionDesign Behavior

Parameters:Temperature;Taste

Preparation:Equipment; Sauce

Discount Improvement

Trash

Resources: Facilities

CashManpowerKnowledge

5

6

An Example of PDCA

2.1BUS

2.1.1AOCS

2.1.2EPS

2.1.3RCS

2.1.3.1Battery

2.1.3.2PCDU

2.1.3.3Solar Array

Account Manger

Subsystem

CI

WBS Control Sheet

WBS Title

Key Milestones

Owner Acting

M-Y Cost

SOW

Deliverable

Risk

Ap

pli

ca

tio

n

Ap

pro

va

lThis Week Report

WBS Title

Key Milestones

Owner Acting

M-Y Cost

Man-hours Spent

Cost

Progress Report

Next Week Application

WBS Title

Key Milestones

Owner Acting

M-Y Cost

Man-hours applied

Budget Applied

Work Description

PLANPLAN

DODO

CHECKCHECK

ACTACT

7

Homework: System Process

• Describe a system process to manufacture a

product of your interest.

• Describe a quality-control process for writing

a technical report.

Definition of System Engineering

9

System Definitions

An integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to accomplish a single purpose or mission (NASA/CSS)

A composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of performing and/or supporting and operational role (Army)

A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime (TRW)

Hardware Software

Equipment

Facilities

Technical Data

Personnel

10

CommandControl &

CommunicationsArchitecture

Space Mission Architecture

SpaceMissionConcept

Subject

SpaceSegment(P/L+S/C)

Orbit andConstellation

LaunchSegment

GroundSegment

MissionOperations

11

The Space System

LaunchSegment

SpaceSegment

GroundSegment

Space System

12

A Typical Space System

LaunchSegment

SpaceSegment

GroundSegment

LaunchFacility

LaunchVehicle

LaunchControl

GroundHandling

EquipmentSpacecraft

AirborneSupport

Equipment

FlightOperations

Communi-cationServices

DataProcessing

Facility

Space System

13

What is the Systems Engineering ?The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and ...

14

What is the System Engineering?• A logical sequence of activities and decisions that

transforms an operational need into a description of system performance parameters and a preferred system configuration. (MIL-STD-499A[5], Engineering Management, 1 May 1974. Now canceled.)

• An interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the entire technical effort and evolves into and verifies an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system people, products, and process solutions that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard IS-632, Systems Engineering, December 1994.)

• An interdisciplinary, collaborative approach that derives, evolves, and verifies a life-cycle balanced system solution which satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability. (IEEE P1220, Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process, [Final Draft], 26 September 1994.)

15

System Acquisition ?

Through the Maze to System Acquisition

SystemAcquisition

16

Systems Engineering(Basic Concept)

Mission(A Large Problem)

#1 #2 #3 #N

TO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCE

ANOPTIMIZED SOLUTION

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS(TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)

17

NationalPolicy

MissionNeeds

Determination

MissionAnalysis

ConceptDefinition

TechnologyDevelopment

SystemDevelopment

Testing &Operations

SESE

1-5 yr

2-5 yr

2-5

yr

4-8

yr

10-15 yr

System Acquisition Cycle

Today’s pace systems are so complex that the time scale from inception to operation can be 10 to 20 years

System engineering participates in this “Womb-to-Tomb” process and provides to the program historical records of trade analyses, requirements traceability, performance verification, and system operations

18

System Acquisition Cycle (NASA)

CONCEPTDEFINION

SYSTEMREQMTS

ANALYSIS

SYSTEMANAL &DESIGN

SUBSYSTREQMTS

ANAL

SUBSYSTARCH

DESIGN

SUBSYSTDETAILDESIGNSUBSYST

IMPLEMEN-TATION

SUBSYSTI&T

SYSTEMI&T

SYSTEMACCEPT

OPERATIONS &MAINTENANCE

PDR

PAR

SRR

CDR

S/SRR

SDR

CA

S/STR

TRR

ORR

SYSTEMNEED

ACRONYMS:PAR - PROJECT APPROVAL REVIEWSRR - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEWSDR - SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEWS/SDR - SUBSYSTEM DESIGN REVIEWPDR - PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEWCDR - CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEWTRR - TEST READINESS REVIEWS/STR - SUBSYSTEM TEST REVIEWSTR - SYSTEM TEST REVIEWCA - CONFIGURATION AUDITORR - OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW

19

SE Role During Development Phases

RequirementsDevelopment

PreliminaryDesign

DetailedDesign

Productionand Test

Post LaunchSupport

MissionDefinition

ProgramPhase

SystemNeeds

SystemEngineeringRole

System LevelDesign

PreliminaryRequirements

Mission OpsAnalysis

SystemArchitectureDevelopment

RequirementDevelopment

VerificationPlanning

MissionStatement

MissionObjectives

MissionArea Analysis

System ConceptDevelopment

OperationsConceptDevelopment

TechnologyDevelopment

RFP Preparation

RequirementsBaseline

PreliminaryDesign BelowSystem Level

System DesignDevelopment

RequirementsFlowdown

DevelopmentSpecification

DesignBaseline

DetailedDesign ofTotal System

Design Reviewand Monitoring

Fabrication& Assembly

I&T

System Sell-off

Test Monitoring& Verification

Operation &Maintenance

On-OrbitData Analysis& System Ops

SRR SDR

PDR

CDR

PSR

System Design

20

System Engineering Functions (Typical)

SYSTEMDEFINITION

SYSTEMANALYSIS

SYSTEMDESIGN

SYSTEMVERIFICATION

SYSTEMDATA

PROCESSING

SYSTEMOPERATIONS

SYSTEMENGINEERING

• MISSION DEFINITION

• SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

• FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION/ ALLOCATION

• REQUIREMENTS ALLOCATIONS/ TRACEBILITY

• SYSTEM/ SEGMENT SPECIFICATIONS

• SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS

• MISSION AND OPS ANALYSIS

• PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

• UTILITY ANALYSIS

• CONFIGURATION DESIGN TRADES

• INTERFACE ENGINEERING

• TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

• DESIGN REVIEW/ EVALUATION

• RISK MANAGEMENT

• METHODOLOGY/ PLANS

• VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

• ANALYSIS, SIMULATION, TEST PLAN

• VALIDATION AND ACCEPTANCE

• METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND ARCHITECTURE

• DATA PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS

• INTERFACE DEFINITION AND CONTROL

• DATA BASE/ DEFINTION AND CONTROL

• MISSION/ SYSTEM OPERATIONS CONCEPT AND REQUIREMENTS

• OPERATIONS PLANS

• PROCEDURES VALIDATION

• SIMULATION AND TRAINING PLANS

• INTEGRATED LOGISTICS PLANS

21

System HierarchySYSTEM

SEGMENT

ELEMENT

SUBSYSTEM

COMPONENT

SUBASSEMBLY

PART

SUBSYSTEM

COMPONENT

MODULE

PROCEDURE/ROUTINE

EXAMPLE

FORMOSAT-1

SPACE/GROUND

SPACECRAFT/PAYLOAD

EPS/TT&C

BATTERY/ANTENNA

INTEGRATEDCSCIs

CSCI

CSU

CU

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

TYPICAL SOFTWARENOTATION

One project’s system is another project’s component

220943-98

Innovation Associates

Holistic Thinking versus Local Thinking…

22

Systems Engineering - Process Models

24

Systems Engineering Process Models

• Software System– Waterfall Model– Spiral Model

• Enterprise System– Vee Model– Typical SE Model– SIMILAR– ANSI/EIA 632

25

Waterfall Model

By Royce in 1970

26

Spiral Model

By Boehm in 1988

27

Vee Model

By Forberg and Mooz in 1992

28

Vee Model

29

Typical Systems Engineering Process

SynthesisEvaluation

andDecision

Descriptionof SystemElements

FunctionalAnalysis

InputRequirements OR OR

ORSOLUTIONS

• WHAT• WHY

• HOW

ITERATIVE TRADE-OFFS

SE management guide, DSMC, Jan 1990

30

Systems Engineering Process

31

SIMILAR Process

By Bahill and Gissing in 1998

32

SE Process in ANSI/EIA 632

ANSI: American National Standards InsituteEIA: Electronic Industries Alliance

33

33 Process Requirements Specified by ANSI/EIA 632

System Engineering - Standards

35

History of SE

36

Evolution of Systems Engineering Standards

MIL-STD-499July 1969

Engineering Management

MIL-STD-499AMay 1974

MIL-STD-499BJune 1992

“Coordination Copy”

Perry MemoAbolishes new military standards

June 1994

IEEE 12201992

Commercial SE Standard beganEIA/IS 632

December 1994Interim Standard After Perry Memo

ISO 152881996

ISO/IEC 152882002ANSI/EIA 632

January 1999

IEEE 1220Trial Use

February 1995

IEEE 1220Full Use

January 1999

X

MIL-STD-499CMay 1994

Unreleased Draft

coordination

MIL-STD-499CMarch 2007

Draft by TAC

ISO/IEEE 152882008

MIL-STD-499July 1969

Engineering Management

MIL-STD-499AMay 1974

MIL-STD-499BJune 1992

“Coordination Copy”

Perry MemoAbolishes new military standards

June 1994

IEEE 12201992

Commercial SE Standard beganEIA/IS 632

December 1994Interim Standard After Perry Memo

ISO 152881996

ISO/IEC 152882002ANSI/EIA 632

January 1999

IEEE 1220Trial Use

February 1995

IEEE 1220Full Use

January 1999

X

MIL-STD-499CMay 1994

Unreleased Draft

coordination

MIL-STD-499CMarch 2007

Draft by TAC

ISO/IEEE 152882008