Introduction of Laser

8/9/2019 Introduction of Laser

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SUBMITTED BY,

ABDUL SABIR KHAN

NITIN RAJ BHALEKAR

SATINDER SINGH ARORA

SUBMITTED TO,

Dr. A. K. JAIN

FACULTY OF IMS

DAVV,INDORE(INDIA)


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Laser printer

Laser pointer

Laser: everywhere in your life

Laser hair removal...

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as

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RetinopathyINTRALASE - FS 60


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The basic scientific principlebehind a laser was first put

forward by DR. charles

H.townes in 1954. The efforts

of several scientists laser led tothe development of the first

laser called pulsed laser in

1960.

DR. charles H.townes


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What is laser?Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation

A device produces a coherent beam of optical radiation by

stimulating electronic, ionic, or molecular transitions to higher

energy levels

When they return to lower energy levels by stimulated

emission, they emit energy.


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Laser Types:

According to the active material:

solid-state, liquid, gas, excimer or semiconductor

lasers.

According to the wavelength:infra-red, visible, ultra-violet (UV) or x-ray lasers.


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SOLID STATE LASER

EX: RUBY LASER

LIQUID AND DYE

LASERS

GASEOUS LASERS

EX:HE-NE LASER

1.

2.

3.


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Excimer Laser:coollaser,Incredibly precise.

Excimer laser used for eye surgery.


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Applications of laser:

1.Scientific:-

a. Spectroscopyb. Lunar laser ranging

c. Photochemistry

d. Laser cooling

e. Nuclear fusion

2.Medical:-

a. eyesurgery

b. cosmetic surgery

c. ulcer detection

d. bloodlesssurgery


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INTRALASE - FS 60


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3.Military:-

a. Death rayb. Defensiveapplications

c. Strategic defense initiative

d. L

aser

sight

e. Illuminator

f. Rangefinder

g. Targetdesignator

4. Industry & Commercial

a. cutting, welding, markingb. CD player, DVD player

c. Laser printers, laser pointers

d. Ph

oto

lith

ograph

ye. Laser lightdisplay

Applications of laser:


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Nd:YAGLASER


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Nd:YAG laserNd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12)

Nd:YAG laser with lid open showing frequencydoubled 532 nm green light.

It is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium

for solid-state lasers. The dopant, triplyionized neodymium, typically replaces yttrium in thecrystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG), since they are of similar size. Generally thecrystalline host is doped with around 1% neodymium

by atomic percent.


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Nd:YAG laser with lid open showing frequency doubled 532 nm green light


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Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first

demonstrated byG

eusicet

al. at Bell Laboratories in 1964

An Nd:YAG laser rod-

NDYAG-LASER:


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ND:YAG

LASERS ARE OPTICALLY PUMPED USING A FLASHLAMP OR LASER DIODES. THEY ARE ONE OF

THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF LASER, AND ARE USED FOR MANY DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS.

ND:YAG LASERS TYPICALLY EMIT LIGHT WITH AWAVELENGTH OF 1064 NM, INTHE INFRARED. HOWEVER, THERE ARE ALSO TRANSITIONS NEAR 940, 1120, 1320, AND1440 NM. ND:YAG LASERS OPERATE IN BOTH PULSED AND CONTINUOUS MODE.


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Nd:YAG LASEROphthalmology

Slit lamp photo of Posterior capsular pacification visible few months after

implantation of intraocular lens in eye, seen on retro illumination

Nd:YAG lasers are used in ophthalmology to correct posterior capsular o pacification,

a complication of cataract surgery, and for peripheraliridotomy in patients

with acute angle-closure

glaucoma, where it has superseded surgical iridectomy. Frequency-doubled Nd:YAG

lasers (wavelength 532 nm) are used for pan-retinal photocoagulation in patientswith diabetic retinopathy.


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Nd:YAG LASERDentistry

Nd:YAG lasersare used for softtissue surgeries in the oralcavity, suchas gingivectomy, periodontal sulculardebridement, LANAP, frenectomy, biopsy,

and coagulation of graftdonor sites.


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CO2 LASER:

The carbon dioxide laser(CO2 laser) was one

of the earliest gas lasers to be developed(invented by Kumar Patel ofBell Labs in 1964),

and is still one of the most useful.

Carbon dioxide lasers are the highest-powercontinuous wave lasers that are currently

available. They are also quite efficient.


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Applications:

1. cutting

2. welding

3. surgical procedures

Laser surgery

Skin resurfacing

Dermabrasion

Hirsuties papillaris genitalis


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Photorejuvenation

Photorejuvenation is a process involving the use

of intense pulsed light (or other thermal or

chemical methods) to treat some skin conditions

and remove wrinkles arising from photoaging.


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Types of Photorejuvenation:

There are three types of Photorejuvenation:

1. Thermal Photorejuvenation using a radio-frequency device inducing athermal effect in the skin.

2. Chemical Photorejuvenation with chemical peels.

3. Mechanical Photorejuvenation with lasers.


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Laser resurfacing:

Laser resurfacing is a technique used during laser surgery wherein the

molecular bonds are dissolved by laser. It is used for the treatment ofwrinkles, solar lentigenes, sun damage, scars (see acne scar treatment),

stretch marks, actinic keratosis and telangiectasias or "spider veins".


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Procedure:Complete resurfacing was first done with a CO2 laser. More commonly now,

a laser resurfacing is done with a fractional laser. The term fractionalpertains to the method in which the laser light is transferred. Tiny

pinpoints of laser light are used to deliver the laser to the surface of

the skin in only a fraction of the area


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Hazards

4. Electrical: Mostlasers utilizehigh voltagesthat can be

lethal.

5. Fire : Thesolvents used in dyelasersare flammable. High

voltage pulse or flashlamps may cause ignition.

Flammable materials may be ignited by direct beams orspecular reflections from high power continuous wave

(CW) infraredlasers.


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Introduction of Laser

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