Introduction:. Geography: The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and...
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Transcript of Introduction:. Geography: The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and...
Canadian Geography 1202
Introduction:
What is Geography?
Geography: The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these.
What is Canada?
Canada: Landscape and Place
What does Canada mean to you? Think..... Landscapes: Natural and human features
that you can see in an area( mountains, rivers, lakes, farms, fishing stages)
Place: Any point on the earth that can be defined (CN Tower, Joe’s House, Terra Nova Park, or under a shady tree)
Canada’s Place on the Planet
Canada is the second largest country in the world
Finding Place: Relative Location
Relative Location: Locating in relation to something else. I live by the water. The park is by the school Gambo is close to Gander
Finding Place: Absolute Location
Absolute Location: Using Latitude to pinpoint a location Latitude: Lines that run in the same
direction as the equator. Measuring distance N or S
Longitude: Lines that pass through both poles. Measuring distance E or W of prime meridian.
Latitude
Longitude
Canada’s Place in Space
We have seasons because Earth is tilted on its axis.
If tilted away from the sun we have winter
If tilted toward the sun we have summer
In spring and fall we are neutral.
Canada’s Place in Space
Regions
Region: A part of the earth’s surface that has characteristics different than other areas
Canada’s Landform Regions:1. Western Cordillera2. Interior Lowlands3. Arctic Lowlands4. Innutian Mountains5. Canadian Shield6. Hudson Bay Lowlands7. Appalachian Mountains8. Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowlands
Canada’s Landform Patterns
Earth’s Building Blocks
Rocks Igneous Rock: Formed when magma
coolsBasalt Granite
Earth’s Building Blocks
Sedimentary: Formed by layers of sediment becoming compacted
Banded iron formation
Travertine
Earth’s Building Blocks
Metamorphic: Formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks are subjected to heat and pressure and change
Building Mountains
Plate Tectonics: The movement of Earth’s crustal plates
Plates: Large pieces of Earth’s crust that move.
Plates are moved by currents in the mantle
Where plates meet mountains are formed
Plate Tectonics Video
Faults: Cracks in the earth where plates meet
Tension: Force that happens when plates move apart
Normal Fault: Fault that happens when plates move away from each other
Compression: Force that occurs when plates collide
Reverse Fault: Type of fault that occurs when plates meet
Folding: When forces of compression cause the earth’s crust to fold
Folding is the cause of most of the mountains in Canada
Appalachian Mountains formed more than 300 million years ago from the collision of the North American Plate with the African and European Plates
Canada’s Western mountains were formed 65 million years ago mostly from the Pacific and North American plates
Nature Shapes the Landscape
Forces that wear down a landscape
Weathering: The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles by wind, water, ice, plant roots, and some chemical reactions
Erosion: The movement of broken up particles to other places
The Power of Ice
The landscape that we know in Canada has been shaped by glaciers
Glaciers are key components in erosion and deposition
Deposition: the laying down of earth materials
As glaciers move they pick up materials
As they melt they drop them Glacier Video
The Power of Ice
Canada was covered by ice 12-20 000 years ago.
Laurentide Ice Sheet Glaciers are responsible for
Carving out the Great Lakes Depositing material on the Lowlands Carved valleys Dug lakes in Newfoundland and Labrador Fjords
Investigating Interactions
Interactions: Influences that people or things have on each other. Nature has an impact on people People have an impact on the
environment People have an impact on people
Interactions: Influences
that people or things have
on each other.
Nature has an impact on peoplePeople have an impact on the environment People have an impact on
people
Investigating Interactions
Sustainability
We need to study interactions in the environment to make sure they are sustainable!!
Managing natural resources to make sure enough is left
to last for the future
What are some examples of sustainable resource uses????
How Nature Affects People
Nature affects where and how we live!!!
Earthquake Tsunami Volcano Flood Tornado Hurricane
Topographic Maps
Topographic Map: A map that shows natural and human features on the earth and the relationship between them.
Used to: Find distance Plan routes Plan where to build a building Find the best way to resolve
environmental issues.
Four Digit Grid System: Locating system that uses four digits to locate general areas on a map. First two digits are East, West, the second
two are North, South Six Digit Grid System: Locating
system that uses six digits to locate specific areas on a map. First three digits are E-W the second
three are N-S.
Topographic Maps
Easting: Number on the map that gives position east or west
What is the Easting for? A: B: C: D:
Topographic Maps
Northing: Number on the map that gives position north or South
What is the Northing for? A: B: C: D:
Topographic Maps
What is the six digit location for A: B: C: D:
Topographic Maps
Elevation: The height above sea level of a piece of land
Relief: The difference in elevation or slope between two areas of land
Contour Line: A line on a map that marks elevation
Contour Line : The difference in elevation between contour lines on a map
Topographic Maps
Symbols on a Map Point Symbol: A standard point symbol
that marks all features of one kind on a map regardless of size.
Line Symbol: A standard linear symbol that marks all features of one kind on a map regardless of width
Area Symbol: A standard symbol on a map that shows an area is covered with a particular feature.
Symbols
Topographic Maps
Features Compass Rose: feature on a map that enables you to
tell direction Scale: The ratio between the map and actual size
Large Scale: Shows a small area in higher detail Small Scale: Shows a larger area in lower detail Ratio Scale: may be listed as a ratio 1:1000 Linear Scale: Scale may be given as a line that represents
a distance Statement of Scale: There may be a statement saying how
much each centimeter on the map is in actual distance. Legend: Area on a map the explains what the
symbols represent in reality.
Sustainable
Development
Improving quality of living in a way that
uses resources wisely and makes sure
there is some left for the future.
To make using oil more sustainable we might•Invest the profits in solar or wind energy•Use public transit•Car pool•Research other fuels
Bioregio
ns Planning to create sustainable
communities often focuses on
bioregions
•Bioregion: Small local region with
distinct natural features (climate, soils,
plants, animals, landforms)
• The bioregion you are in is usually determined by
your watershed.
•Watershed: The drainage basin that collects all of
the rain water that falls in your area.
Why Geography is Important
Geography will teach you:
Where things are
located
The imprints and patterns made
by features (Human and
Natural)And why these patterns
change
Economic, Social and environmental consequences of change
The connection between people and their environment
To find solutions for challenges