∗ Model Code developed by Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes

∗ NECB must be adopted by provincial/territorial authorities to become law

Introduction

∗ Referenced in Ontario Building Code ∗ Used in voluntary and incentive programs

∗ Commercial Buildings Incentive Program ∗ Utility and other programs ∗ LEED®

MNECB 1997 – use

∗ Energy/economics code ∗Requirements and exemptions based on ∗Principal energy source ∗“Administrative region” ∗Climatic criteria (sometimes) ∗Energy distributor ∗Outdated very quickly ∗“Energy budget” code

MNECB 1997 – why low adoption rate?

∗ Energy used by building → energy source neutral

∗ Based on climatic zone – heating degree-days (HDD)

NECB 2011 – approach

Average Annual Heating-Degree Days

(C-degrees)

∗ Silent on renewable, waste and site-generated energy

∗ Wide variety of technology ∗ No barriers placed for their use ∗ Reference standards for use,

not necessarily efficiency ∗ Silent on most process loads ∗ Except pools and ice surfaces

NECB 2011 – approach

∗ No differentiation based on occupancy ∗ Same structure

∗ Part 3: Building Envelope ∗ Part 4: Lighting ∗ Part 5: Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems ∗ Part 6: Service Water Heating Systems ∗ Part 7: Electrical Power Systems and Motors ∗ Part 8: Performance Path

MNECB 1997 and NECB 2011

Compliance Paths

MNECB 1997 ∗ Simple prescriptive ∗ Building envelope trade-off

∗ Simple ∗ Computer-assisted

∗ Performance compliance ∗ Whole-building modeling

– engineering solution

NECB 2011 • Simple prescriptive • Building envelope trade-off

- Simple - Detailed

• Lighting, HVAC, service water trade-off

• Performance compliance - Whole-building modeling –

engineering solution

NECB 2011 compliance paths

∗ Mix and match simple prescriptive and trade-off paths

∗ Use trade-off within same Part only

NECB 2011 compliance paths

∗ Cannot mix any other path with performance path

NECB 2011 compliance paths

∗ 26.2 % overall performance improvement

∗ Population weighted

NECB performance results

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0% Large Office

Warehouse Mid-Rise Apartment

Strip Mall Secondary School

Big Box Store

NECB performance results

Performance Improvement over MNECB by City

OE Environment ∗ An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of the

design or construction of the building, the environment will be affected in an unacceptable manner.

OE1 Resources ∗ An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of the

design or construction of the building, resources will be used in a manner that will have an unacceptable effect on the environment. The risks of unacceptable effect on the environment due to use of resources addressed in this Code are those caused by –

OE1.1 excessive use of energy

Objective-based code

• Part 3 concerned with transfer of heat and air through the building envelope – Building materials – Building components – Building assemblies – Interfaces between them

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

• Prescriptive requirements – Protection of insulation materials – Continuity of insulation – Building envelope thermal characteristics – Allowable areas of fenestration and doors – Air leakage

• Trade-off paths – Simple – Detailed

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

Thermal characteristics vary only with heating degree-day of building location

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

Average Annual Heating-Degree Days

(C-degrees)

∗ Overall Thermal Transmittance (Above Ground Opaque) 7A = 5000-5999 HDD (˚C) 7B = 6000-6999 HDD (˚C)

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

Assembly Zone 7A Zone 7B U-Value R

W/(m2∙K) Btuh∙ft2∙˚F ft2∙˚F∙hr/Btu

Walls 0.210 0.037 27

Roofs 0.162 0.028 35.7

Floors 0.162 0.028 35.7

• Overall Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration ∗ All fenestration = 2.2 W/(m2∙K) ∗ (0.38 Btuh∙ft2∙˚F) ∗ Exceptions = Skylights

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

Slope derived from FDWR formula

NECB 2011 – Building Envelope

FDWR Equation

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

HDD

FDW

R

∗ Very easy to apply ∗ Allows flexibility while maintaining minimum

performance level set by prescriptive ∗ Based on trading U-values, FDWR

- Not permitted for additions - Above-ground only - Trade only vertical to vertical, horizontal to horizontal

Building Envelope Simple Trade-off

Building Envelope Simple Trade-off

Example – Building in Winnipeg Prescriptive = 29% Simple Trade-off = 55% (with better windows and walls)

• Part 4 applies to lighting components and systems connected to building's electrical service

• Exemptions: - Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building

operation - Lighting in dwelling units - Where impractical

NECB 2011 – Lighting

∗ Prescriptive requirements – Interior lighting power – Interior lighting controls – Exterior lighting power – Exterior lighting controls

∗ Interior lighting trade-off path

∗ Similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (with trade-off)

NECB 2011 – Lighting

• Prescriptive requirements - Heating equipment - Ventilating equipment - Air-conditioning equipment - HVAC control systems - Piping and ducts

• Trade-off path

NECB 2011 HVAC Systems – Part 5

∗ Ability to balance ∗ Duct Sealing ∗ Constructed and installed to SMACNA (Duct

Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible) ∗ Sealed per static pressure classes ≤ 2”, > 2” and < 4”,

≥ 4” ∗ Exemptions

HVAC – Part 5 – Air Distribution Systems

∗ Requirements based on temperature difference

HVAC – Part 5 – Duct and Plenum Insulation

Temperature Difference,

°C

Min. Thermal Resistance for Ducts

and Plenums, m2•C/W

Min. Thermal Resistance for Run-outs,

m2•C/W

< 5 0 0 5 to 22 0.58 0.58 > 22 0.88 0.58

∗ Ability to cool with outdoor air when ∗ Mechanical A.C. capacity > 20 kW (5.5 tons) or ∗ Air handler > 1500 L/s ∗ Exception for dwelling units and hotel/motel rooms

∗ Direct use of outdoor air ∗ Mixed air with up to 100% outside air (economizer) ∗ > 20 tons = 25% capacity ∗ > 6 and ≤ 20 tons = 50% capacity

∗ Water Economizer = provide 100% cooling

HVAC – Part 5 – Cooling with outdoor air

∗ Constant Volume (supply plus return) ∗ 1.6 W per L/s (0.75 W per cfm)

∗ Variable Air Volume (supply plus return) ∗ 2.65 W per L/s (1.25 W per cfm) and, ∗ ≤ 55% design W at 50% design air flow when > 7.5 kW

and < 25 kW

HVAC – Part 5 – Fan Systems

∗ Locations ∗ > 0.08 m2 motorized dampers required ∗ ≤ 0.08 m2 manual on intake, back-draft on outlet

∗ Outside air damper leakage ∗ Closed = ≤ 15 L/s per m2 at 250 Pa (3 cfm per ft2 at 1”

w.c.)

HVAC – Part 5 - Dampers

∗ Ability to balance all hydronic systems ∗ Minimum piping insulation ∗ By temperature range (design) Table 5.2.5.3 ∗ Thermal conductivity requirements of

insulation ∗ Minimum insulation thickness by pipe

diameter ∗ No longer “office” standards, will increase

in future ∗ Protection of insulation (subject to damage)

HVAC – Part 5 – Piping and Insulation

∗ Variable Flow Pumping ∗ HVAC Pumping – control valves

∗ Variable fluid flow ∗ Reduce system flow ≤ 50%

∗ Does not apply ∗ Minimum flow > 50% (chiller or boilers) ∗ Reset fluid supply temperature based on O.A. temp or load

HVAC – Part 5 – Pumping System Design

∗ Installations of thermostats ∗ 1.4 – 1.5 m above floor, accurate to 1˚C ∗ Exposure to sunlight or heat source ∗ Away from drafts and dead air

∗ Heat Pump Controls ∗ Prevention of supplementary heat if load can be met by

heat pump alone

HVAC – Part 5 – Temperature Controls

∗ Space Temperature Controls ∗ Zone specific – heating and cooling ∗ Independent (de-coupled) perimeter heating or cooling

systems allowed if: ∗ One thermostat for each exposure ∗ Heating and cooling controlled by control device in zone

∗ Vestibules require a device limiting temperature to maximum 15˚C

HVAC – Part 5 – Temperature Controls

∗ Supply Air Handler Leaving Air Temperature ∗ Controls required to achieve design supply air temperature

without: ∗ Heating previously cooled air ∗ Cooling previously heated air ∗ Heating outside air in excess of the minimum for

ventilation

HVAC – Part 5 – Temperature Controls

∗ Control of Space Temperature by Reheating or Re-cooling ∗ HVAC systems that control temperature of a space by

reheating previously cooled air shall be equipped with controls that automatically adjust the temperature of the cool air supply to the highest temperature that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air

HVAC – Part 5 – Temperature Controls

∗ Exhaust Air System Sensible Heat >150 kW ∗ Shall be equipped with recovery apparatus ≥ 50%

efficiency ∗ Heat recovered shall be used in building system ∗ Exemptions: toxic, flammable, dust or corrosive fumes

HVAC – Part 5 – Heat Recovery Systems

∗ Exhaust Air System Sensible Heat >150 kW Sensible Heat = 0.00123 x Q x (Te – To) Q = rated capacity of exhaust L/s Te = temperature of exhaust ˚C before heat recovery To = outdoor 2.5% January design temperature ˚C

∗ 2360 L/s at 55 ˚C temperature difference

HVAC – Part 5 – Heat Recovery Systems

• Swimming pools ∗ 40% recovery of sensible heat from exhaust air ∗ Exemption if dehumidification system provides 80%

of dehumidification that would be accomplished by exhaust system

• Ice arenas ∗ Required if heating load elsewhere ∗ allow use for either space

or service water heating

HVAC – Part 5 – Heat Recovery Systems

∗ Heat Recovery in Dwelling Units • Dwellings with self-contained mechanical

ventilation (except in climatic zones 4, 5 and 6) ∗ Principal exhaust only ∗ <-10 C and >-30 C require 55% sensible HR efficiency ∗ ≤ - 30 C require 45% sensible HR efficiency ∗ 2.5% January design temperatures which are less than and greater

than

HVAC – Part 5 – Heat Recovery Systems

∗ Off-hours Controls ∗ Includes dwelling units ∗ Systems > 5 kW heating or cooling ∗ Required to set back or up, or shut down ∗ Reduce or shut off outside air when space not in use ∗ Heat Pump – adaptive anticipation to prevent

supplementary heat during recovery

HVAC – Part 5 – Shut-off and Set Back Control

∗ Air Flow Control Areas ∗ Size > 2500 m2 shall be divided into Air Flow Control Areas ∗ Or systems shall serve < 2500 m2 ∗ Shall have separate shut-off and set back control ∗ Each AFCA limited to one storey ∗ DDC controls required

HVAC – Part 5 – Shut-off and Set Back Control

∗ Multiple Boilers ∗ > 176 kW (600,000 Btuh) ∗ More than one boiler or, ∗ 2 stage or multi-stage firing

∗ > 352 kW (1,200,000 Btuh) shall be fully modulating

HVAC – Part 5 – Shut-off and Set Back Control

∗ Loop Temperature Reset ∗ Chilled or Hot Water Systems > 88 kW (300,000 Btuh) ∗ Indoor/outdoor controller, or, ∗ Represent building load using return water temperature

HVAC – Part 5 – Shut-off and Set Back Control

∗ Table 5.2.12.1 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements ∗ Component groups and capacities ∗ Referenced Standards and Rating Conditions ∗ Minimum performance in EER, COP, IPLV, AFUE, Ec and

Et

HVAC – Part 5 – Unitary/Packaged Equipment

∗ Table 5.2.12.1 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements ∗ Fossil fuel heating equipment is slightly higher than

the Federal EE Regulations, in most appliances ∗ Other appliances close to EER ∗ Design practitioners need to be diligent in specifying

minimum equipment efficiencies and familiarize themselves the other federal and provincial regulations

HVAC – Part 5 – Unitary/Packaged Equipment

∗ Part 6 addresses service water heating (SWH) systems

“Service water means water for plumbing

services, excluding systems exclusively for space heating or cooling or for processes”

NECB 2011 – Service Water Heating Systems

∗ Prescriptive requirements - Heating equipment - Piping insulation - Controls - Hot water discharge flow

∗ Trade-off path ∗ NRC/NRCan developing a tool for the industry

Service Water Heating Systems – Part 6

∗ Prescriptive ∗ Trade-off path ∗ Performance

path

SWH – Part 6 – Compliance Path

∗ Equipment minimum efficiency performance ∗ Table 6.2.2.1 SWH Equipment Performance Standards ∗ Aligned with Energy Efficiency Regulations (EER) as of

May 2010 ∗ Performance required shall not be lower than NECB,

EER, or Provincial Requirements (most stringent shall apply)

∗ Standby losses (SL), Thermal Efficiency (Et), Energy Factor (EF)

SWH – Part 6 – Equipment Performance

∗ Manitoba Amendments

SWH – Part 6 – Equipment Performance

Water Heaters Input Performance Requirement

Gas-fired instantaneous

≥ 14.7 kW and ≤ 73.2 kW

EF ≥ 0.8

Gas-fired storage ≤ 21.98 kW EF ≥ 0.67 – 0.0005 V

Gas- Fired storage

> 21.98 kW and ≤ 117 kW

Et ≥ 80%

∗ Equipment Insulation ∗ Storage Tank Insulation – maximum U-value ∗ O.45 W/(m2∙K) or (0.08 Btu/h∙ft2∙F)

∗ Combination SWH and Space Heating ∗ Permitted where input to combo unit is: ∗ < 22 kW (75,000 Btuh) or, ∗ < twice SWH load

SWH – Part 6

∗ Required for ∗ Hot water circulation systems ∗ Hot water non-circulation systems ∗ Without heat traps ∗ With heating elements or heat tracing

∗ Minimum thickness table for conditioned and non-conditioned spaces

SWH – Part 6 – Piping Insulation

∗ Clarification on heat traps requirements and location of insulation on runouts

SWH – Part 6 – Piping Insulation

∗ Booster Heaters required when ∗ More than one end use temperature on system ∗ Design discharge temperature is > 60 ˚C, and, ∗ < 50% of the total design flow

SWH – Part 6 – More than one end use temperature

∗ Individual Showers (Manitoba) ∗ Maximum hot water discharge 6.6 L/min (1.45 Imp

gal/min) ∗ Lavatory Faucets (Manitoba) ∗ Maximum hot water discharge 5.7 L/min (1.25 Imp gal/min)

∗ Automatic shut-off valves for assembly occupancies

SWH – Part 6 – Hot Service Water

∗ Part 7 applies to electrical power systems and motors connected to the building’s electrical service

NECB 2011 Electrical Power Systems and Motors

∗ Prescriptive requirements - Electrical distribution system - Voltage drop - feeder conductors and branch circuits - Transformers - Electrical motors ∗There is no trade-off path in Part 7

Electrical Systems and Motors Part 7

Whole reference building built to prescriptive path

∗Proposed building modeled against reference - Compliant if proposed building uses equal or less energy

NECB 2011 – Performance Path Part 8

≤

Proposed Reference