introduction and dental nomenclature
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Transcript of introduction and dental nomenclature
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الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
Introduction and Dental Nomenclatures
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These are the systems designed to identify the type of each tooth and its location in eachquadrant of the dental arches.
Notation systems
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1 .Palmer Notation System2 .Two Digits System (FDI system) (Federation dentaire International
)3 .Universal Notation System
Notation systems
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The mouth is divided into four sections called quadrants. The numbers 1 through 8 and a unique symbol is used to identify the teeth in each quadrant. The numbering runs from the center of the mouth to the back .
1 .Palmer notation system
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The permanent teeth are given the numbers 1 through 8.
Permanent dentition
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The primary teeth are given the letters A through E.
Primary dentition
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Each tooth in the dental arch is given a number of two digits.
The FDI Dental Numbering System for Adult TeethFor adults, the mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 1 to 4 clockwise.The adult teeth are numbered from 1 to 8, going from the central incisor, canines, premolars to the third molar
FDI SYSTEM
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The FDI Dental Numbering System for Children's Teeth
For children, the mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 5 to 8 clockwise the children's deciduous (or baby) teeth are numbered from 1 to 5, going from the central incisor, canines to the premolars.
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FDI system
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Unlike the previous two systems, the first number 1 is given to the right maxillary permanent third molar.
The first letter A is given to the right maxillary second primary molar.
Universal notation system
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Universal notation system
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Elevated landmarks
Depresses landmarks
Anatomical landmarks of the crown
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Dental lobe : is one of the primary centers of growth and calcification present during the crown development.
1. Mamelon 2. Cingulum3. Cusp Tubercle
Elevated Landmarks
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Ridges :1. Marginal ridge 2. Triangular ridge 3. Oblique ridge 4. Transverse ridge 5. Labial ridge 6. Buccal ridge 7. Cusp ridge 8. Lingual ridge9. Cervical ridge 10. Incisal ridge
Elevated Landmarks
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1. Developmental grooves2. Supplemental groove 3. Fissures4. Sulcus5. Fossa6. Pits
Depressed Landmarks
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Mamelon : is any one of the three primary rounded projections in the Incisal ridge of newly erupted incisors teeth.
Cingulum : it is a convexity projection , at the cervical third of the crown in the anterior teeth.
Cusps : is a divisional primary pyramidal elevation on the occlusal third of posterior teeth and the incisal third of the canine.
Dental Lobe
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It is a small elevation produced by excessive formation of enamel.
Tubercle
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Marginal ridge : it is the mesial and distal elevated margins in the lingual and occlusal surfaces of both anterior and posterior teeth respectively .
Ridges
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Triangular ridge : it descend from the cusp tip of posterior teeth toward the central part of occlusal surface .
Ridges
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Transverse ridge: the union of two triangular ridges transversely at the occlusal surface of maxillary & mandibular 1st premolars.
Ridges
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Oblique ridge : the union of two triangular ridges obliquely at occlusal surfaces of the maxillary molars.
Ridges
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Cusp ridges ( cusp slopes ) : linear elevation extends from the cusp tip to the mesial and distal directions.
Labial ridge : linear elevation extends from the cervical line to the cusp tip.
Buccal ridge .
Ridges
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Lingual ridge : it extends vertically from the cingulum to cusp tip of canine.
Ridges
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Incisal ridge : horizontal linear elevation on the incisal third of a newly erupted incisor teeth.
Cervical ridge : horizontal elevationon the cervical third of the buccal surface of premolar and molars.
Ridges
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1. Developmental grooves2. Supplemental groove 3. Fissures4. Sulcus5. Fossa6. Pits
Depressed Landmarks
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1. A deep groove or line between the primary parts of the crown ( lobes )
Developmental groove
Developmental groove
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is a shallow linear depression in the occlusal surface , which does not demarcate the line of lobes fusion , but represents a branch from the developmental groove .
Supplemental groove
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A narrow linear depression present at the depth of the developmental groove.
Dental caries begins at the depth of the fissures.
Fissure
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A long depression or valley between ridges & cusps.
It contains a developmental groove at its center.
Sulcus
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It is an irregular depression or concavity. Types of fossa: 1. Lingual fossa : lingual surface of anterior
teeth.2. Triangular fossae : occlusal surface of
premolar & molars.3. Central fossa : deep angular depression on
the occlusal surface. Maxillary molars Mandibular molars
Fossa
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A small pintpoint depression located at the junction of the developmental grooves. Or at the ends of these grooves.
Central pit : is located at the central fossa where the developmental groove join.
Buccal pit : located at the buccal surface of molar.
Pits
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THE END