Introducing IPv6 and Defining IPv6 AddressingDefining IPv6 Addressing, Strategy of migration and Basic routing configuration

IPv5 | What about "IP version 5"? IPv5 | What about "IP version 5"?

The Internet community uses IPv4 and has used IPv6 for aycouple of years. IANA is the organization that has theworldwide responsibility of assigning numbers to everythingrelated to the Internet, which includes versions of the IP,protocol. IANA assigned version 6 to the IPng protocol in1995 following a request by the IPng working group.

What about "IP version 5"?

IPv5 | What about "IP version 5"? IPv5 | What about "IP version 5"?

IPv5 is an experimental resource reservation protocol intended to providequality of service (QoS) defined as the Internet Stream Protocol (ST) Itquality of service (QoS), defined as the Internet Stream Protocol (ST). Itcan provide real-time transport of multimedia such as voice, video, andreal-time data traffic across the Internet. This protocol is based on previouswork of Jim Forgie in 1979, as documented in IETF Internet ExperimentNote 199. It consists of two protocols — ST for the data transport andStream Control Message Protocol (SCMP). IPv5, also called ST2, isdocumented in RFC 1819 and RFC 1190.

Internet Streaming Protocol version 2 (ST2) is not a replacement forIPv4. It is designed to run and coexist with IPv4. The number 5 wasassigned by IANA because this protocol works at the same link-layerf i IP 4 A t i l di t ib t d lti di li ti b thframing as IPv4. A typical distributed multimedia application can use bothprotocols: IP for the transfer of traditional data and control information suchas TCP/UDP packets, and ST2 for real-time data carriers. ST2 uses thesame addressing schemes as IPv4 to identify hosts. Resource reservationsame addressing schemes as IPv4 to identify hosts. Resource reservationover IP is now done using other protocols such as Resource ReservationProtocol (RSVP).

Why Do We Need a Larger Address Space?Space?

Internet populationApproximately 973 million users in November 2005Emerging population and geopolitical and address space

Mobile usersPDA pen-tablet notepad and so onPDA, pen tablet, notepad, and so on Approximately 20 million in 2004

Mobile phonesAl d 1 billi bil h d li d b th i d tAlready 1 billion mobile phones delivered by the industry

Transportation1 billion automobiles forecast for 2008Internet access in planes – Example: Lufthansa

Consumer devicesSony mandated that all its products be IPv6-enabled by 2005y p yBillions of home and industrial appliances

IPv6 Advanced Features

Larger address spaceGlobal reachability and flexibility

Simpler headerRouting efficiencyP f d f diflexibility

AggregationMultihoming

Performance and forwarding rate scalabilityNo broadcastsN h kAutoconfiguration

Plug-and-playEnd to end without NAT

No checksumsExtension headersFlow labels

Renumbering

IPv6 Advanced FeaturesIPv6 Advanced Features

Mobility and security Transition richnessMobility and security

Mobile IP RFC-compliant

Transition richness

Dual stack

IPSec mandatory(or native) for IPv6

6to4 tunnels

Translation

IP 4

Larger Address SpaceIPv4

32 bits or 4 bytes long4,200,000,000 possible addressable nodes~=

IPv6128 bits or 16 bytes: four times the bits of IPv4 340 282 366 920 938 463 374 607 432 768 211 456340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,432,768,211,456

Larger Address Space Enables Address AggregationAggregation

Aggregation of prefixes announced in the global routing tableEfficient and scalable routingImproved bandwidth and functionality for user traffic

IPv4 and IPv6 Header ComparisonIPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison

Type ofIPv4 Header IPv6 Header

Fragment OffsetFlags

Total LengthType of ServiceIHL

Identification

Version

Next

Flow LabelTraffic ClassVersion

Destination Address

Source Address

Header ChecksumProtocolTime to LiveNext

Header Hop LimitPayload Length

PaddingOptions Source Address

Destination Address

Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6

Fields Not Kept in IPv6

Name and Position Changed in IPv6

N Fi ld i IP 6Lege

nd

New Field in IPv6L

IPv6 Address RepresentationIPv6 Address Representationx:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where x is a 16-bit hexadecimal field

Leading zeros in a field are optional:2031:0:130F:0:0:9C0:876A:130B

S i fi ld f 0 b t d b t lSuccessive fields of 0 can be represented as ::, but only once per address.

Examples:Examples:2031:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B2031:0:130f::9c0:876a:130bFF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 >>> FF01::10:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 >>> ::10:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 >>> ::0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 >>> ::

IPv6 Addressing ModelIPv6—Addressing ModelAddresses are assigned to interfaces

Change from IPv4 mode:

Interface “expected” to have multiple addresses

Addresses have scopeLink LocalU i L lUnique LocalGlobal Link LocalUnique LocalGlobal

IPv6 Address TypesIPv6 Address TypesUnicast

Address is for a single interfaceAddress is for a single interface.IPv6 has several types (for example, global and IPv4 mapped).

MulticastOne-to-manyEnables more efficient use of the networkUses a larger address range

AnycastOne-to-nearest (allocated from unicast address space).Multiple devices share the same address.All anycast nodes should provide uniform service.Source devices send packets to anycast address.Routers decide on closest device to reach that destination.Suitable for load balancing and content delivery services.

IPv6 Global Unicast (and Anycast)AddressesAddressesThe global unicast and the anycast share the same address format.address format.

Uses a global routing prefix — a structure that enables aggregation upward, eventually to the ISP.A i l i t f b i d lti l dd f tA single interface may be assigned multiple addresses of any type

(unicast, anycast, multicast).Every IPv6-enabled interface must contain at least one loopback (::1/128) and one link local address(::1/128) and one link-local address.Optionally, every interface can have multiple unique local and global addresses.Anycast address is a global unicast address assigned to a set of interfaces (typically on different nodes).IPv6 anycast is used for a network multihomed to several ISPs th t h lti l ti t h ththat have multiple connections to each other.

IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses (Cont.)

Global unicast and anycast addresses are defined by a globalrouting prefix, a subnet ID, and an interface ID.

The IPv6 global unicast address is the equivalent of the IPv4 globalunicast address. A global unicast address is an IPv6 address fromthe global unicast prefix. The structure of global unicast addressesenables aggregation of routing prefixes that limits the number ofenables aggregation of routing prefixes that limits the number ofrouting table entries in the global routing table.

Global unicast addresses used on links are aggregated upwardth h i ti d t ll t th I t t i idthrough organizations and eventually to the Internet service providers(ISPs).

IPv6 Unicast AddressingIPv6 Unicast Addressing

IPv6 addressing rules are covered by multiple RFCsIPv6 addressing rules are covered by multiple RFCs.Architecture defined by RFC 4291.

Unicast: One to oneUnicast: One to oneGlobalLink local (FE80::/10)

A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type: unicast, anycast, or multicast.

IPv6 Unicast AddressingThe IPv6 unicast address space encompasses the entire IPv6 addressrange, with the exception of FF00::/8 (1111 1111), which is used formulticast addresses.

Addresses with a prefix of 2000::/3 (001) through E000::/3 (111), with theexception of the FF00::/8 (1111 1111) multicast addresses, are required tohave 64-bit interface identifiers in the extended universal identifier(EUI)-64 format.

The IANA is allocating the IPv6 address space in the ranges of 2001::/16 tothe registries. The global unicast address typically consists of a 48-bitg g yp yglobal routing prefix and a 16-bit subnet ID.

Provider Site Host

64 Bits3 45 Bits 16 Bits

Global Routing Prefix Subnet Interface ID

001

g

Aggregatable Global Unicast AddressesAggregatable Global Unicast Addresses

64 Bits3 45 Bits 16 Bits

Provider Site Host

Global Routing Prefix Subnet Interface ID

Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses Are:

001

Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses Are:

Addresses for generic use of IPv6

Structured as a hierarchy to keep the aggregationStructured as a hierarchy to keep the aggregation

IPv6 Interface ID

Cisco uses the extended universal identifier (EUI)-64 format to do stateless autoconfiguration.

This format expands the 48-bit MAC address to 64 bits by inserting “FFFE” into the middle 16 bits.

To make sure that the chosen address is from a unique Ethernet MACTo make sure that the chosen address is from a unique Ethernet MAC address, the universal/local (U/L bit) is set to 1 for global scope (0 for local scope).

F l if h th MAC dd 0030 1969 81A0For example if we have the MAC address 0030.1969.81A0.

1st the sequence FFFE is inserted between the vendor-id (3 most significant bytes) and the extension-id (3 least significant bytes), resulting in the address 0030.19FF.FE69.81A0.

2nd the 7th most significant bit, known as the universal/local bit, is inverted. 0230:19FF:FE69:81A0

FE80:: + 0230:19FF:FE69:81A0 = FE80::230:19FF:FE69:81A0

MAC Address to EUI 64MAC Address to EUI-64

Link-Local Address

Remaining 54 bits

Mandatory address for communication between two IPv6 devices (similar to ARP but at Layer 3)

Automatically assigned by router as soon as IPv6 is enabled

Also used for next-hop calculation in routing protocols

Only link specific scope

Remaining 54 bits could be zero or any manual configured value

Multicasting

Multicast is frequently used in IPv6 and replaces broadcast.

Examples of Permanent Multicast Addresses

Solicited Node Multicast AddressSolicited-Node Multicast Address

Used in neighbor solicitation messages

Multicast address with a link local scopeMulticast address with a link-local scope

Solicited-node multicast consists of prefix, FF02::1:FF:/104 + lower 24 bits from unicast.FF02::1:FF:/104 lower 24 bits from unicast.

Router InterfaceR1#sh ipv6 int e0Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Router Interface

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is upIPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::200:CFF:FE3A:8B18No global unicast address is configuredJoined group address(es):

FF02::1FF02::1FF02::2FF02::1:FF3A:8B18

MTU is 1500 bytesICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds

Solicited-Node Multicast Address

ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 millisecondsICMP redirects are enabledND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1ND reachable time is 30000 millisecondsND advertised reachable time is 0 millisecondsND advertised reachable time is 0 millisecondsND advertised retransmit interval is 0 millisecondsND router advertisements are sent every 200 secondsND router advertisements live for 1800 secondsHosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.

R1#

Anycast

An IPv6 anycast address is a global unicast address that is assigned to morethan one interface.

The following describes the characteristics of the anycast:g y

Anycast addresses are allocated from the unicast address space, so they areindistinguishable from the unicast address. When assigned to a node interface,the node must be explicitly configured to know that the address is an anycast

ddaddress.

The idea of anycast in IP was proposed in 1993. For IPv6, anycast is defined as away to send a packet to the nearest interface that is a member of the anycastgroup which enables a type of discovery mechanism to the nearest pointgroup, which enables a type of discovery mechanism to the nearest point.

There is little experience with widespread anycast usage. A few anycastaddresses are currently assigned: the router-subnet anycast and the Mobile IPv6home agent anycasthome agent anycast.

An anycast address must not be used as the source address of an IPv6packet.

Stateless Autoconfiguration

A router sends network information to all the nodes on the local link.

A host can autoconfigure itself by appending its IPv6 interface identifier (64-bit format) to the local link prefix (64 bits).

Th lt i f ll 128 bit dd th t i bl d t d t bThe result is a full 128-bit address that is usable and guaranteed to be globally unique.Note: Stateless DHCP is a new concept (February 2004) that strikes a middle ground between stateless autoconfiguration and the thick-client approach of stateful DHCPbetween stateless autoconfiguration and the thick client approach of stateful DHCP. Stateless DHCP for IPv6 is also called “DHCP-lite.” See RFC 3736, Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Service for IPv6.

A Standard Stateless Autoconfiguration

Stage 1: The PC sends a router solicitation to request a prefix for stateless autoconfiguration.

A Standard Stateless Autoconfiguration (C t )(Cont.)

Stage 2: The router replies with a router advertisement, including prefix information.

IPv6 Mobility

IPv6 mobility is different from IPv4 mobility in several ways:The IPv6 address space enables Mobile IP deployment in any kind of large environment.

Because of the vast IPv6 address space, foreign agents are no longer required. Infrastructures do not need an upgrade to accept Mobile IPv6 nodes, so the care-of address (CoA) can be a global IPv6 routable address for all mobile nodes.

The Mobile IPv6 model takes advantage of some of the benefits of the IPv6 protocol itself. Examples include option headers, neighbor discovery, and autoconfiguration.

6Using IPv6 with IPv4

IPv4 to IPv6 TransitionIPv4-to-IPv6 Transition

Transition richness means:

Different transition mechanisms are available:–Smooth integration of IPv4 and IPv6–Use of dual stack or 6-to-4 tunnels

Different compatibility mechanisms:Different compatibility mechanisms:–IPv4 and IPv6 nodes can communicate

Dual StackDual Stack

Dual stack is an integration method where a node has “implementation and connectivity” to both an IPv4 andimplementation and connectivity to both an IPv4 and IPv6 network.

Cisco IOS Software Is IPV6-Ready: Cisco IOS Dual StackCisco IOS Dual Stack

If both IPv4 and IPv6 are configured on an interface, this interface is dual-stacked.

Cisco IOS Software Is IPv6-Ready: Overlay Tunnels

Tunneling is an integration method where an IPv6 k t i l t d ithi th t l hpacket is encapsulated within another protocol, such as

IPv4. This method of encapsulation is IPv4 protocol 41:

This includes a 20-byte IPv4 header with no options and an IPv6 header and payload.This is considered dual stacking.

“Isolated” Dual Stack Host“Isolated” Dual-Stack Host

Encapsulation can be done by edge routers between hosts or between a host and a router.

Cisco IOS Software Is IPv6-Ready: Configured TunnelConfigured Tunnel

Configured tunnels require:–Dual-stack endpoints–IPv4 and IPv6 addresses configured at each end.

Example: Cisco IOS Tunnel ConfigurationConfiguration

Converting IPv4 addresses to IPv6 for 6 4 T l6-4 Tunnel

A 6-4 tunnel uses special addresses in the 2002::/16A 6 4 tunnel uses special addresses in the 2002::/16 address spaceThe first 16 bits are the hexadecimal number 2002The next 32 bits are the original source address in hexadecimal formTh IP 4 dd f 172 16 12 1 i t d i tThe IPv4 address of 172.16.12.1 is converted into AC10:0C01 The complete address would be 2002:AC10:0c01:1::1/64p

C fi i t ti t f 6 t 4 t lConfiguring static routes for 6-to-4 tunnels

A 6 to 4 tunnel establishes a transient link between IPv6A 6-to-4 tunnel establishes a transient link between IPv6 domains which are connected by an IPv4 backboneCreate a tunnel interfaceSet tunnel mode with the tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4commandCreate an IPv6 specific addressSet the source interface for the tunnel Configure an Ipv6 static route

Configuration example for 6-to-4 tunnel b t R1 d R3between R1 and R3

R2 R3

Lo0 10.1.2.1/24

Lo0 10.1.3.1/24S0/0/1 172 16 23 2 /24

172.16.23.1 /24 S0/0/1

R2 R3

172.16.12.1 /24 S0/0/0

S0/0/0 172.16.12.2 /24

172.16.23.2 /24

R1Lo0 10.1.1.1/24

R1R1(config-if)# interface tunnel 0R1(config-if)# tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2002:AC10:0C01:1::1/64R1(config-if)# tunnel source s0/0/0

R3R3(config-if)# interface tunnel 0R3(config-if)# tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4R3(config-if)# ipv6 address 2002:AC10:1703:1::3/64R3(config-if)# tunnel source s0/0/1

ExitR1(config)# ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel 0

VerificationR1#ping 2002:AC10:1703:1::3

ExitR3(config)# ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel 0

VerificationR3#ping 2002:AC10:1::1

IPv6 Tunnel Static Route Configurationg

R2 R3

Lo0 10.1.2.1/24

S0/0/0

S0/0/1 172.16.23.2 /24

172.16.23.1 /24 S0/0/1 Lo0 10.1.3.1/24

172.16.12.1 /24 S0/0/0

172.16.12.2 /24

Router 1

R1Lo0 10.1.1.1/24

Router1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Router1(config)# ipv6 route FEC0::3:0/112 2002:AC10:1703:1::3

Router 2Router 2

Router2(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Router2(config)# ipv6 route FEC0::1:0/112 2002:AC10:C01:1::1

The next hop for both routers is the IPv6 address at the other end of the tunnel

Cisco IOS Software Is IPv6-Ready: 6-to-4 TunnelingTunneling

6 t 46-to-4: –Is an automatic tunnel method–Gives a prefix to the attached IPv6 networkGives a prefix to the attached IPv6 network

Translation – NAT-PT

NAT-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) is a translation mechanism that sits between an IPv6network and an IPv4 network.

The job of the translator is to translate IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets and vice versa.j p p

1. enable2. configure terminal3. ipv6 nat prefix 2001:0db8::/963. ipv6 nat prefix 2001:0db8::/96 4. interface eth0/05. ipv6 address 2001:0db8:ffff:1::1/64 6. ipv6 nat7. exit8 i t f th0/18. interface eth0/19. ip address 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 10. ipv6 natshow ipv6 nat translations...

Implementing IPv6 with OSPF and Other Routing Protocols

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe how OSPF for IPv6 works

Explain the similarities and differences between OSPF for IPv6 to OSPFv2

Describe the differences between OSPF LSA types used with IPv4 and IPv6

Explain the configuration modes and Cisco IOS attributes specific to OSPFv3

Explain how to configure OSPFv3Explain how to configure OSPFv3

Explain how to verify OSPFv3

IPv6 Routing ProtocolsIPv6 Routing Protocols

IPv6 routing types:StaticRIPng (RFC 2080)OSPFv3 (RFC 2740)IS-IS for IPv6MP-BGP4 (RFC 2545/2858)EIGRP for IPv6

ipv6 unicast-routing command is required to p g qenable IPv6 before any routing protocol configured.

RIPngRIPng

Same as IPv4:Distance-vector, radius of 15 hops, split-horizon, and poison reverseBased on RIPv2Based on RIPv2

Updated features for IPv6:IPv6 prefix, next-hop IPv6 addressp , pUses the multicast group FF02::9, the all-rip-routers multicast group, as the destination address for RIP updatesUses IPv6 for transportUses IPv6 for transportNamed RIPng

Integrated Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS IS)Intermediate System (IS-IS)

Same as for IPv4.

Extensions for IPv6:2 new type-length-values (TLV):

IPv6 reachability (with 128 bits prefix)IPv6 interface address (with 128 bits)

New protocol identifierNew protocol identifierNot yet an IETF standard

Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP BGP) (RFC 2858)(MP-BGP) (RFC 2858)

Multiprotocol extensions for BGPv4: Enables protocols other than IPv4.New identifier for the address family.

IPv6 specific extensions:Scoped addresses: NEXT HOP contains a global IPv6 addressScoped addresses: NEXT_HOP contains a global IPv6 address and potentially a link-local address (only when there is a link-local reachability with the peer).NEXT_HOP and NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information)

d IP 6 dd d fi i h l i lare expressed as IPv6 addresses and prefix in the multiprotocol attritubes.

OSPF Version 3 (OSPFv3) (RFC 2740)OSPF Version 3 (OSPFv3) (RFC 2740)

Similar to OSPV for IPv4:Same mechanisms, but a major rewrite of the internals of the protocolprotocol

Updated features for IPv6:Updated features for IPv6:Every IPv4-specific semantic is removedCarry IPv6 addressesLi k l l dd dLink-local addresses used as sourceIPv6 transportOSPF for IPv6 is currently an IETF proposed standard

OSPFv3

OSPFv3 Hierarchical StructureOSPFv3—Hierarchical StructureTopology of an area is i i ibl f t id f thinvisible from outside of the area:

LSA flooding is bounded by area.SPF l l ti i f dSPF calculation is performed separately for each area.

Backbones must be contiguouscontiguous.All areas must have a connection to the backbone:

Otherwise a virtuallink must be used to connect to theconnect to the backbone.

OSPFv3—Similarities with OSPFv2

OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 2740):Based on OSPFv2, with enhancementsDistributes IPv6 prefixesRuns directly over IPv6Runs directly over IPv6

OSPFv3 & v2 can be run concurrently, because each address family has a separate SPF (ships in the night).y p ( p g )

OSPFv3 uses the same basic packet types as OSPFv2:

HelloDatabase description blocks (DDB)Link state request (LSR)Link state request (LSR)Link state update (LSU) Link state acknowledgement (ACK)

OSPFv3 Similarities with OSPFv2OSPFv3—Similarities with OSPFv2

Neighbor discovery and adjacency formation mechanism are identical.

RFC compliant NBMA and point-to-multipoint topology modes are s pported Also s pports other modes frommodes are supported. Also supports other modes from Cisco such as point-to-point and broadcast, including the interface.

LSA flooding and aging mechanisms are identical.

Enhanced Routing Protocol SupportDifferences from OSPFv2Differences from OSPFv2

OSPFv3 has the same five packet types, but some fi ld h b h dfields have been changed.

All OSPFv3 packets have a 16-byte header verses the 24-byte header in OSPFv2.

OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2OSPFv3—Differences from OSPFv2

OSPFv3 protocol processing per-link, not per-subnet:

IPv6 connects interfaces to links.

Multiple IPv6 subnets can be assigned to a single link.p g g

Two nodes can talk directly over a single link, even though they do not share a common subnet.

The terms “network” and “subnet” are being replaced with “link”.

An OSPF interface now connects to a link instead of a subnet.

OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2OSPFv3—Differences from OSPFv2

Multiple OSPFv3 protocol instances can now run over a single link:

This allows for separate autonomous systems, each r nning OSPF to se a common link A single linkrunning OSPF, to use a common link. A single link could belong to multiple areas.

Instance ID is a new field that is used to have multipleInstance ID is a new field that is used to have multiple OSPFv3 protocol instances per link.

In order to have two instances talk to each other, they yneed to have the same instance ID. By default it is 0, and for any additional instance it is increased.

OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2OSPFv3—Differences from OSPFv2Multicast addresses:

FF02::5 – Represents all SPF routers on the link local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.5 in OSPFv2.FF02::6 – Represents all DR routers on the link local scope; equivalent to 224 0 0 6 in OSPFv2to 224.0.0.6 in OSPFv2.

Removal of address semantics:IPv6 addresses are no longer present in OSPF packet header (part of g p p (ppayload information).Router LSA and network LSA do not carry IPv6 addresses.Router ID, area ID, and link-state ID remains at 32 bits.DR and BDR are now identified by their router ID and no longer by their IP address.

Security:Security:OSPFv3 uses IPv6 AH and ESP extension headers instead of variety of mechanisms defined in OSPFv2.

LSA OverviewLSA OverviewLSA Function

Code LSA TypeCode

Router-LSA 1 Ox2001

Network-LSA 2 Ox2002

Inter-Area-Prefix-LXA 3 Ox2003

Inter-Area-Router-LSA 4 Ox2004Renamed

AS-External-LSA 5 Ox4005

Group-Membership-LSA 6 Ox2006p p

Type-7-LSA 7 Ox2007

Link-LSA 8 Ox2008NIntra-Area-Prefix-LSA 9 Ox2009

New

Larger Address Space EnablesAddress AggregationAddress Aggregation

Aggregation of prefixes announced in the global routing tableEffi i t d l bl tiEfficient and scalable routingImproved bandwidth and functionality for user traffic

OSPFv3 Configurationg

Configuring OSPFv3 in Cisco IOS SoftwareSoftware

Similar to OSPFv2:Prefixing existing Interface and exec mode commands with “ipv6”

Interfaces configured directly:Interfaces configured directly:Replaces network command

“Native” IPv6 router mode:Native IPv6 router mode:Not a submode of router ospf command

IPv6 and OSPFv3 CommandsIPv6 and OSPFv3 CommandsCommand Description

( fi )#i 6 i t E bl th f di f IP 6 i t d tRouter(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

Enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast datagrams.

Router(config)#ipv6 router Enables an OSPF process on the router. The process-ospf process-id id parameter identifies a unique OSPFv3 process.

This command is used on a global basis.

Example:Enables the OSPFv3 process number 1 on the router.

Router(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1

p

Router (config-router)# router-id router-id

For an IPv6-only router, a router-id parameter must be defined in the OSPFv3 configuration as an IPv4defined in the OSPFv3 configuration as an IPv4 address using the router-id router-id command. You can use any IPv4 address as the router-id value.

Example:

Router (config-router)# router-id 2.2.2.2

Identifies 2.2.2.2 as the router-id for this router. It must be unique on each router

Enabling OSPFv3 Globally

router#

Enabling OSPFv3 Globally

router#

router# configure terminal

router(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing

router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1

router(config-router) router-id 2.2.2.2

Steps for Enabling IPv6 and OSPFv3 on an Interfacean Interface

Step Command or Action Purpose

Router(config)#interface type Specifies an interface type and number1

Router(config)#interface type number

Specifies an interface type and number, and places the router in interface configuration mode.

Router(config-if)#ipv6 address Configures an IPv6 address for an interface

2

g paddress/prefix-length [eui-64]

gand enables IPv6 processing on the interface. The eui-64 parameter forces the router to complete the addresses’ low-order 64-bits by using an EUI-64 interface ID.

3

Router(config-if)#ipv6 ospf process-id area area-id[instance instance-id]

Enables OSPF for IPv6 on an interface.

4Router(config-if)#router ospf priority priority number

Priority number is used in the designated router election.

Router(config-if)#router ospf The cost of sending a packet on the5

Router(config if)#router ospf cost cost

The cost of sending a packet on the interface, expressed in the link state metric.

Enabling OSPFv3 on an Interface

router(config)# interface Ethernet0/0

Enabling OSPFv3 on an Interface

router(config)# interface Ethernet0/0

router(config)# ipv6 address 3FFE:FFFF:1::1/64

router(config)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

router(config)# ipv6 ospf priority 20g p p p y

router(config)# ipv6 ospf cost 20

Cisco IOS OSPFv3 Specific AttributesCisco IOS OSPFv3 Specific Attributes

Configuring area range:Configuring area range:area area-id range prefix/prefix length [advertise | not-advertise] [cost cost]

Showing new LSAs:show ipv6 ospf [process-id] database link

show ipv6 ospf [process-id] database prefix

OSPFv3 Configuration ExampleOSPFv3 Configuration ExampleRouter1#interface S1/1/ipv6 address 2001:410:FFFF:1::1/64ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

interface S2/0interface S2/0ipv6 address 3FFE:B00:FFFF:1::2/64ipv6 ospf 100 area 1

ipv6 router ospf 100router-id 10.1.1.3

Router2#Router2#interface S3/0ipv6 address 3FFE:B00:FFFF:1::1/64ipv6 ospf 100 area 1

ipv6 router ospf 100router-id 10.1.1.4

interface Ethernet 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:5::3/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

interface Serial 0/0interface Ethernet0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:4::1/64ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:10::1/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

p

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 interface Ethernet 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:9::1/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 1

interface Serial 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:8::1/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 1

i t f S i l 0/0

interface Serial 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:200::1/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

interface Serial 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:8::2/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 1

interface Ethernet 0/0interface Ethernet 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:4::2/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

interface Ethernet 0/0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:5::1/64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

OSPFv3 Verification

Hedwig#show ipv6 protocol

IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"

IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"

IPv6 Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"

Interfaces (Area 0):( )

Ethernet0/0

Interfaces (Area 1):

Serial0/0

Redistribution:

None

Hedwig#

Verifying Cisco IOS OSPFv3Verifying Cisco IOS OSPFv3

Ro ter2#sho ip 6 ospf int s 3/0Router2#show ipv6 ospf int s 3/0S3/0 is up, line protocol is upLink Local Address 3FFE:B00:FFFF:1::1, Interface ID 7Area 1, Process ID 100, Instance ID 0, Router ID 10.1.1.4Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40,

Retransmit 5Hello due in 00:00:02

Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last flood scan length is 3 maximum is 3Last flood scan length is 3, maximum is 3Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msecNeighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

Adjacent with neighbor 10.1.1.3Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

show ipv6 ospfshow ipv6 ospf

R7#show ipv6 ospfR7#show ipv6 ospfRouting Process “ospfv3 1” with ID 75.0.7.1It is an area border and autonomous system boundary routerrouter

Redistributing External Routes from, connectedSPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secssecs

Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secsLSA group pacing timer 240 secsInterface floor pacing timer 33 msecsInterface floor pacing timer 33 msecsRetransmission pacing timer 33 msecsNumber of external LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x12B75

show ipv6 ospf (Cont )show ipv6 ospf (Cont.)

Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal 0 stub 1 nssaArea BACKBONE(0)

Number of interfaces in this area is 1SPF algorithm executed 23 timesNumber of LSA 14. Checksum Sum 0x760AANumber of DCbitless LSA 0Number of Indication LSA 0Number of DoNotAge LSA 0Flood list length 0Flood list length 0

Area 2Number of interfaces in this area is 1It is a NSSA areaP f t 7/t 5 LSA t l tiPerform type-7/type-5 LSA translationSPF algorithm executed 17 timesNumber of LSA 25. Checksum Sum 0xE3BF0Number of DCbitless LSA 0Number of Indication LSA 0Number of DoNotAge LSA 0

show ipv6 ospf neighbor detailshow ipv6 ospf neighbor detail

Router2#show ipv6 ospf neighbor detailRouter2#show ipv6 ospf neighbor detailNeighbor 10.1.1.3

In the area 0 via interface S2/0Neighbor: interface-id 14, link-local address 3FFE:B00:FFFF:1::2Neighbor priority is 1 State is FULL 6 state changesNeighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changesOptions is 0x63AD1B0DDead timer due in 00:00:33Neighbor is up for 00:48:56

d 1/1/1 i i l h 0 b f i i 1Index 1/1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1First 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

SummarySummaryRIP, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP, and OSPF support IPv6.

OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6.

Most of the algorithms of OSPFv2 are the same in OSPFv3OSPFv3.

There are two new LSAs in IPv6: LSA type 8 and LSA type 9. The router LSA and the network LSA do nottype 9. The router LSA and the network LSA do not carry IPv6 addresses.

Configuring OSPFv3 requires knowledge of IPv6.

There are Cisco IOS software configuration commands for OSPFv3 to support all of the capabilities of OSPFv3.Numerous OSPFv3 IOS show commands support the verification of OSPFv3 configurations.

ResourcesResources

IPv6 Routing At A GlanceIPv6 Routing At-A-Glancehttp://cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/tech/tk872/c1482/cdccont_0900aecd80260051.pdf

Deploying IPv6 NetworksBy Ciprian P. Popoviciu, Eric Levy-Abegnoli, Patrick GrosseteteGrossetete.Published by Cisco PressCopyright 2006

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