Introducing… - Beyond the Classroom -...
Transcript of Introducing… - Beyond the Classroom -...
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INTRODUCING…
The Amazing Cell
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All organisms are made of cells
Cells come from other cells
Cells=simplest structure capable of performing all activities
of life
May exist singly (Protozoa, Bacteria) OR as subunits of
multicellular organisms (animals, plants, fungi)
CELL=BASIS OF LIFE (CELL THEORY)
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Lacks membrane bound organelles
(organelles = have special function for cell survival: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes,…)
Lacks membrane bound nucleus
Genetic material free floats in “nucleoid” region
Small in size
Less Complex
These came first
Ex: Kingdom Monera (bacteria, cyanobacteria)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules: cell shape (compression resisting), motility, organelle movement
Microfilaments: (smaller) cell shape (tension bearing), changes in cell shape, muscle contraction, motility (pseudopodia), cell division (cleavage furrow)
Intermediate filaments: anchoring organelles
Nuclear material ~ DNA or RNA
Ribosomes
Sometimes cell wall (in the case of some bacteria)
BUT NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES!
PROKARYOTES HAVE…
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DIFFERENT BACTERIA STRAINS
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Membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound nucleus
Larger than prokaryotic cells
Ex: Animals, Plants, Protists, Fungi
Kindom Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi
EUKARYOTIC CELL
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Cell membrane Cytoplasm (cytosol) Cytoskeleton Nuclear material ~ DNA or RNA Ribosomes Membrane Bound Organelles:
NUCLEUS and Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Chloroplasts Lysosomes Peroxisomes Golgi Body Vacuoles
Sometimes cell wall (in the case of plant cells)
Junctions
EUKARYOTES HAVE…
Junctions: • Plants:
Plasmodesmata – cytosol passes through
• Animal:
Tight Junctions – tightly pressing neighboring cells together Desmosomes – fastens cells together Gap Junctions – Allow for communication, cytoplasmic channels
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PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC
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Plant
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Large Central
Vacuole
Plasmodesmata
Junctions
Rectangular Shape
Animal
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Flagella
No cell wall
Several Small
Vacuoles
Circular Shape
PLANT VS. ANIMAL