Intro to Systems
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Transcript of Intro to Systems
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Systems Concepts
Systems AnalysisAnd
Design
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Learning Objectives
Define the generic system
Describe the generic systems Parts
Properties
Types (open, closed and relatively-closed)
Recognize human organizations and
information infrastructures as systems
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What is a System?
Set of related components that work
together in a particular environment toperform whatever functions are required
to achieve the system's objective.
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Boundary: divides system from environment
Inputs: data from environment to system
Output: data from system to environment Components: subparts of systems operating
independently (also called subsystem)
Interrelationships: associations betweencomponents of a system
Characteristic Parts of Systems
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Interfaces: point of contact between systemand environment, or between subsystems
Constraints: limit to what a system canaccomplish
Purpose: overall goal or function of a system
Environment: everything external to thesystem that interacts with it
Characteristic Parts of Systems
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System Properties
Decomposition: a system can be broken
down into smaller constituents Modularity: the result of decomposition;
individual parts of a system
Can even be subsystems
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Coupling: dependencies andrelationships between subsystems
Cohesion: extent to which a subsystemperforms a single function
System Properties
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System Types
Closed: noexchanges withenvironment
Open: takes knowninput, as well asdisturbances
Relatively-closed:
takes only known andacceptable inputs
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Decomposition and modularity make
systems easier to understand, analyze,design, and maintain.
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Human Subsystem:
psycho-social aspect of
the organization
Operations Subsystem:
technical/scientific
Environment Subsystem:
conformities andadaptations
Human Organizations asSystems
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Human being (eats, breathes, goes to
work, raises a family, retires prosperous
and fulfilled)
Human organization (consumes raw
materials, produces products, pays its
workers, grows)Organs with individual functions form a
system (ex. Nervous, Circulatory,
Respiratory, etc.)
Individuals have unique abilities
(bookkeeping, designing, coaching,
leading, etc.)
Systems perform bigger functions
(control, circulation, breathing, etc)
Individuals with related abilities form a
department (Accounting, Engineering,
Management, etc.)
Bigger functions keep us alive; when
one is compromised, the whole body is
affected
The departments support each others
needs; this motivates the people and
the firm grows, or else.
Human Organizations as
Systems
