ROCKSQuartz

Granite

Sandstone

Gneiss, Slate

Rock Cycle

Increasing Si

Increasing Mg, Fe, Ca

Water-Honey-Toothpaste

Silica increases viscosity

Low Si - Med Si – High Si

As magma cools, different crystals beginTo form at different temperatures

Plutons

Peninsular Range Batholiths

Extrusive Rocks

Hawaii, Mid Atlantic Ridge

Mt. Fuji

Long Valley Caldera, CA

Runny, Low Viscosity, honey Intermediate, medium viscosity, toothpaste Stiff, Felsic, high viscosity, clay

Torrey Pines State Beach

Clastic ChemicalBiological

sandstoneLimestone

coal

Conglomerate Breccia Sandstone Siltstone Mudstone Shale

Based on grain sizeConglomerate

Breccia

Sandstone

Siltstone

Mudstone Shale

Shale Slate

Granite Schist

Granite GneissGranite

Shale

Gneiss

Schist

Slate

Non-Foliated (no layers)

Limestone Marble

Sandstone Quartzite

Red SandBlack SandGreen SandWhite Sand

Green Sand Beach, Big Island White Sand Beach, Maui

Red Sand Beach, Maui Black Sand Beach, Maui