Intro to Gentoo

8/13/2019 Intro to Gentoo

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Introduction to

Gentoo Linux

Zhang, Le

Gentoo Linux Developer

January 11, 2009

[email protected] [email protected]


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Me in Gentoo

http://zhangle.is-a-geek.org

http://www.gentoo-cn.org

Gentoo Chinese Documentation

Gentoo Monthly Newsletter Chinese version Gentoo-china google group

Gentoo-china and Loongson overlay

#gentoo-cn on irc.gentoo.org

http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/forum59.html

http://forums.gentoo.org/viewforum-f-50.html

http://tinyurl.com/loongson-gentoo


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How I came to Gentoo

GNU/Linux user since 2002

Regular GNU/Linux user since 2004

RedHat 7.3 in the spring of 2002 for "hacking"

Switched to Gentoo in the summer of 2004. All my machines running/will run Gentoo

HP zt3000 notebook (~x86, regular work)

Loongson 2E box (~mipsel, hosting gentoo-cn.org)

Loongson 2F box (~mipsel, mips n32 ABI dev machine)

PS3 (~ppc)

Yeelong Laptop (~mipsel, will arrive soon)


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Overview

Gentoo

the fastest swimming penguin

Base either on Linux, FreeBSD, etc

Source based metadistribution

Can be optimized and customized for any purpose Extremely configurable, portable, easy-to-maintain

All volunteer, active developer community

Is and will always be Free Software

Commitment to giving back to the FOSS community


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History

Started by Daniel Robbins with the name "Enoch" in 1999

Changed name to "Gentoo" later due to speed increase as aresult of EGCS adoption

Portage - the next generation ports

borned after a detour toFreeBSD

Gentoo Linux 1.0 released on 2002/03/31

Gentoo Foundation set up in 2004 to take care of financial

issue and protect intellectual property Gentoo Council decises on global issues and policies


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Gentoo features

Beautiful splash screen, console and colorful CLI Fully automated software installation

Automatic dependency solving and fulfillment

Automatic source fetching, patching, compiling, installing

Extremely easy maintenance 'system' and 'world' package set

keep 'world' up-to-date with a single command

versionless, seamless upgrading

Available in almost all architectures and OS's amd64, alpha, hppa, ia64, mips, ppc, ppc64(cell), s390, sh4,

sparc64, x86

other Linux distros, Mac OS X, Solaris, FreeBSD, AIX, Interix

Configuration file protection and automerge


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Portage features

Customization of CFLAGS, LDFLAGS

USE flags (more on that later)

Various optional features - choose to suit your own needthrough FEATURES variable

Protection for live system FEATURES sandbox, collision-protect, protect-owned

Compilation speeding up FEATURES ccache, distcc

System trimming FEATURES nodoc, noman, noinfo

INSTALL_MASK


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Portage features (con't)

SMP support emerge --jobs=JOBSload-average=LOAD

MAKEOPTS='-jN', where N is number of processors + 1

FEATURES parallel-fetch

Auto resuming after failure whenever possible emergekeep-going

Blocker automatic solving com_err and ss V.S. e2fsprogs-libs

Debugging support Adding "-g3 -ggdb3 -gdwarf-2" to CFLAGS

FEATURES keepwork, nostrip, splitdebug, installsources


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Portage features (con't)

Embedded system support crossdev - create any arbitrary cross toolchain in one command

First set CBUILD, PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT and ROOT properly

Then just emerge!

Features in portage 2.2 License filtering

Generic package sets

@live-rebuild - all live ebuilds installed on your system

@module-rebuild - all out-of-tree kernel module

FEATURES preserve-libs

preserve old lib after lib version bump

emerge @preserved-rebuild to remove old lib and link apps to newlib


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Portage tree

Gentoo's software repository

One of the largest in terms of number of packages No package split, i.e. no package like foo-devel

Provide non-free software, e.g. adobe flash player/reader

Numerous overlays

Bleeding edge packages

Branches - stable, testing Defined your global choice in /etc/make.conf

Tweak for each package in /etc/portage/package.keywords

Overlays - a subset of tree with higher priority gentoo-china, loongson, KDE, LXDE, toolchain, x11....

managed by "layman"


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Ebuild file

Gentoo's package format

Defines variables and functions used to automatecompilation and installation of software

KEYWORDS - define branch for this package

SLOT - mechanism for multiple version coexistence

DEPEND, RDEPEND, PDEPEND - Build time, Runtime,Post-merge dependencies

LICENSE

the license the software is released under SRC_URI - where to get sources

Function - src_unpack(), src_compile(), src_install()

Eclass - ebuild's library


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USE flags

Gentoo's way to customize software components

USE flags generally map onto ./configure options

Defaults defined by profile /etc/make.profile

Define your own in addition to defaults Global flags in /etc/make.conf

Package specific flags in /etc/portage/package.use

Install only what you want

Example: USE="-gnome kde qt -arts -nls"


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Init system

OpenRC, written in C and POSIX-compliant shellscript, for compatibility with Gentoo on FreeBSD andembedded systems.

Named run levels (boot, default)

Smart dependencies

Scripts can 'use' or 'need' others.

Scripts can start 'before' or 'after' others.

Parallel startup option

Hotplug/Coldplug services


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Documentation

Gentoo Handbook (install, embedded, security...)

Desktop docs (X, nVidia/ATI, GNOME, KDE, fluxbox,xfce, alsa, DRI, power management...)

Upgrade Guide (kernel, gcc, apache, MySQL, PHP...)

System admin (security handbook, localization, cron,sudo, kernel, prelink, distcc, mail server, database, webserver, virtualization...)

Developer documentation (dev handbook, devmanual)

Project documentation (Gentoo projects operation)


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Gentoo Community

Close contact with end users

Many ebuilds submitted by users (sunrise overlay)

IRC channels (irc.gentoo.org, currently an alias tofreenode), #gentoo is one of the largest on thenetwork with an average of 900+ users.

Web-based forums (on forums.gentoo.org), 4,685,232topics as of today, 1800+ posts per day.

Fully public bug tracking (bugs.gentoo.org)

"Gentoo Bug Day" - First saturday of each month

Developers attend FOSS events around the world


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Stay informed

Main page - http://www.gentoo.org

Gentoo planet - http://planet.gentoo.org

Gentoo forums - http://forums.gentoo.org

Gentoo Monthly Newsletter (GMN)

http://www.gentoo.org/news/zh_cn/gmn/

Gentoo IRC channels http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/irc.xml

Gentoo mailing lists http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml

Gentoo packages - http://packages.gentoo.org

Gentoo Linux Security Announcements (GLSA)


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Is Gentoo for me?

If you are lazy

If you are a perfectionist

If you like being in control of everything

If you want a stable and secure system If you want to know how a Unix-like system works

If you want to make the most out of your hardware

If you want to make your own distribution

If you want to install GNU/Linux on your PS3 and haveit easily, regularly updated

If you want a fully functioning modern GNU/Linuxsystem on a new CPU in a short period of time


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Introduction to

Gentoo Linux

Zhang, Le

Gentoo Linux Developer

January 11, 2009

[email protected] [email protected]


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Copyright 2008 Zhang Le. Some rights reserved.

The Gentoo Linux logo is Copyright 2002 Gentoo Technologies, Inc.,

used with permission.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-

NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license,

visit or send aletter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford,

California 94305, USA.

Please contact Zhang Le

for commercial uses of this work.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0

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