Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students
-
Upload
murtala-lawal -
Category
Technology
-
view
31 -
download
0
Transcript of Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students
![Page 1: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTINGCOM 101
FOR NATIONAL DIPLOMA STUDENTS
By Murtala Lawal Kazaure
Hussaini Adamu Federal PolytechnicKazaure, Jigawa State
![Page 2: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Self IntroductionBIOGRAPHICAL DATA• Who : Murtala Lawal• When: 18th November• Where: Kazaure, Jigawa State• Pri: Magwan Special Primary School 1985-1991• JSS: GSS Kazaure 1991-1994• SSS: Science College Lautai Gumel 1994-1997• B.Sc.: Usman Danfodio University Sokoto 2001-2006 • M.M : Multimedia University Malaysia 2013-2014• CCNA: BUK Local Academy 2010• C-Tech CI : Informatics Institute Kazaure 2006
![Page 3: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This course is designed to enable students to acquire a BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS
![Page 4: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
On completion of this course the diplomat, should be able to:
1. Understand the history, classification and impact of computers
2. Know the concept of computer hardware
3. Know the concept of computer software
4. Understand computer data processing systems
5. Know the procedures for computer and data preparation method
6. Understand security and safety procedures within a computer environment
7. Understand the concept of a computer network
8. Understand the use of the internet
![Page 5: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHAT IS COMPUTER ?
Computer is an ELECTRONIC machine/device that accept DATA as an INPUT, PROCESS it and gives out INFORMATION as an OUTPUT.
![Page 6: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER
![Page 7: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Main Parts of a Personal Computer
• The System Unit• The System (Mother) Board• The CPU (Central Processing Unit)• Memory RAM• Memory ROM-BIOS• Keyboard• Mouse• Visual Display Unit
![Page 8: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The System Unit
![Page 9: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Motherboards
![Page 10: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The CPU Central
Processing Unit
![Page 11: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Memory RAM
![Page 12: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Memory ROM-BIOS
![Page 13: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Keyboard
![Page 14: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mouse
![Page 15: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Visual Display Unit
![Page 16: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Know how computer memory is measured• Basic Units of Data Storage = Bit• Bit = 1 or 0• 8 bits = 1 byte• Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes• Megabyte (MB)= 1024 kilobytes, approximately 1,000,000 bytes• Gigabyte (GB)= 1024 megabytes, approximately 1,000,000,000 bytes• Terabyte (TB) = 1024 gigabyte, approximately 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
![Page 17: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
SpeedAccuracyStorageConsistencyRepetitivenessComplexity
![Page 18: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
• First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes• Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors• Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits• Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors• Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence
![Page 19: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
First Generation - 1940-1956
Vacuum Tubes
![Page 20: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Second Generation - 1956-1963
![Page 21: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Third Generation - 1964-1971
Integrated Circuit
![Page 22: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fourth Generation - 1971-Present
Microprocessor
![Page 23: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond
Artificial Intelligence
![Page 24: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Computer was originally a job title
Abacus: an early aid for mathematical computations
Pascaline: A gear-driven one-function calculator invented by Blaise Pascal
![Page 25: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
EDSAC : Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
Jacquard loom: The first programmable devices
Z3 the first working machine featuring binary arithmetic Atanasoff–Berry Computer
![Page 26: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
British Colossus Computer
Harvard Mark I
ENIAC (1946): Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
![Page 27: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CLASSES OF COMPUTERS
Computers can be classified based on the following parameters: • Type of data processed • The size • The Purpose or scope • The age of technology
![Page 28: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Classification of Computers according to the type of data they processed.
• Digital computers • Analog computers • Hybrid computers
![Page 29: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Digital computers
![Page 30: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Analog computers
![Page 31: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Hybrid computers
![Page 32: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Classification by Purpose or Scope
Using scope as a criterion, computers can be classified into two broad categories: • Dedicated or Special purpose computers• General Purpose Computers
![Page 33: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dedicated or Special purpose computers
![Page 34: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
General Purpose Computers
![Page 35: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Classification by Size
Using physical size as a factor, the following types of computers can be identified: • Micro-Computers• Mini Computers• Mainframe Computers
![Page 36: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Micro-Computers
![Page 37: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mini Computers
![Page 38: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Mainframe/ Super Computers
![Page 39: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
INPUT DEVICES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
An input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system (such as a computer).
![Page 40: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Keyboards
![Page 41: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pointing devices
![Page 42: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
High-degree of freedom input devices
![Page 43: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Composite devices
![Page 44: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Audio Input Devices
![Page 45: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Medical Imaging devices
![Page 46: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
OUTPUT DEVICES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world
![Page 47: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Visual Display Units
![Page 48: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Speakers
![Page 49: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Printers
![Page 50: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Electrostatic Printers
![Page 51: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Thermal Printers
![Page 52: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Projectors
![Page 53: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Holographic Display
![Page 54: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
COMPUTER STORAGE
Computer components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time
![Page 55: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Primary Storage
Memory directly accessible to the CPU
![Page 56: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Secondary Storage
![Page 57: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Purpose of storage
Storing Operating Instructions and Data
![Page 58: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Off-line storage Is a computer data storage on a medium or a device that is not under the control of a processing unit
![Page 59: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Characteristics of storage
• Volatility • Differentiation • Mutability • Read only storage • Slow write, fast read storage • Accessibility
Random accessSequential access
![Page 60: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
HOW COMPUTERS WORK ?
A general purpose computer has four main sections;• The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)• The control unit• The memory• The input and output devices (collectively termed I/O)
These parts are interconnected by busses
![Page 61: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
HOW COMPUTERS WORK ?
![Page 62: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Control unit
Control Unit directs the various components of a computer. It reads and interprets (decodes) instructions in the program one by one. The control system decodes each instruction and turns it into a series of control signals that operate the other parts of the computer.
![Page 63: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)
The ALU is capable of performing two classes of operations: arithmetic and logic
![Page 64: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Memory
A computer memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read
![Page 65: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Input/ Output (I/O)An input device converts incoming data and instructions into a pattern of electrical signals in binary code that are comprehensible to a digital computer. An output device reverses the process, translating the digitized signals into a form intelligible to the user.
![Page 66: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
An invisible driver of Hardware or a program, which allows the hardware components to operate effectively as well as provide very many useful services.
![Page 67: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Categories of Software
SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM
SYSTEM SERVICES
LANGUAGE PROCESSOR
UTILITY PROGRAMS
G.U.I
USER APPLICATION SOFTWARE
USER PROGRAMS COMMERCIAL APPLICATION PACKAGES
SPECIAL PURPOSE
GENERAL PURPOSE
![Page 68: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
System Software
The programs that protect the user from the enormous complexity of the computer system, and enable the computer to be used to maximum effect by a wide variety of people, many of whom will know very little about the inner workings of computers.
![Page 69: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Operating systems
Operating system acts as a buffer between the user and the complexities of the computer itself
![Page 70: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Main functions of operating systems
• Interpretation of the command language • Error handling• Protection of data files and programs • Security• Accounting• Program Loading• Multiprogramming • Interrupt handling • Job Sequencing • File Management • Job Scheduling • Peripheral Control • Recovery from System Failure
![Page 71: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Types of Operating System
• Single Program OS• Simple Batch Systems• Multi-access and Time-sharing• Real-time system
![Page 72: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
System Services
• Language Translators (Processors) • Assembler• Compiler• Interpreter
![Page 73: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Utility Programs
• Editors• Debugging Aids• File managers
![Page 74: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Graphical User Interfaces (GUls)
![Page 75: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
USER APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE
programs for which the computer system was specifically purchased
![Page 76: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
User Programs
Programs written by people within the organization for specific needs, which cannot be satisfied by other sources of software
![Page 77: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Commercial Packages
kind of application packages that are produced by software professionals and be sold for a wide variety of users
![Page 78: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Special-purpose packagesThough commercial, it is designed for a specific purpose like a department or a section of an organization
• Airline Seat Reservation, • Theatre Seat Reservation • Hotel Room Reservation • Point of Sales Software • A Payroll Program
![Page 79: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
General PurposeThese provide facilities which might be used in a wide variety of business situation and which might therefore be used across many department of business
• Word-processing• Database Management• Spreadsheet• Desktop Publishing & Graphics Programs• Communication Software
![Page 80: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
ADVANTAGES OF CUSTOM APPLICATION SOFTWARE (USER PROGRAMS)
• The needs of the organization are precisely met • The method of inputting/outputting data may be
designed to suit user’s taste. • It may require less memory and less disk space. • Program may execute faster • Programs can be changed to meet changing conditions.
![Page 81: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES OF CUSTOM APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• Development time may be lengthy • Human resources needed for development may not be available • High cost of development (since it is designed for only one organization). • Cost of maintenance / upgrading may be high
![Page 82: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
ADVANTAGES OF GENERIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE (COMMERCIAL APPLICATION PACKAGES)
• Availability is immediate as only installation process is necessary before it can start being productive. • Cost is less as it is spread among a number of users
who purchase the product. • Reliability may be greater as it is thoroughly tested
before it is marketed.
![Page 83: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES OF GENERIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE (COMMERCIAL APPLICATION PACKAGES)
• It may not be an exact match for needs • It may require more system resources. Programs are
frequently longer, thereby, requiring more memory and disk space • It is not adapted to changing needs • It may execute more slowly.
![Page 84: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
GUIDELINE FOR ACQUISITION OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• The software to be acquired must be one whose use will improve the particular operating function of that business.
• It must be of high performance • The software to be acquired must be one with enough ease in learning. • The software to be acquired must be available when needed • If a software package is complex then training is required • Good documentation: The package to be used must be properly documented. This
should include how the package is to be installed how to use the package and other necessary technical details.
• Users friendliness: The package must be easy to use even by non- computer specialists.
• Compatibility of the package: Before a package program can be adopted, it must be compatible with the user system requirements as well as with the user’s hardware.
![Page 85: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
SOCIAL IMPLICATION OF COMPUTERS ON THE SOCIETY
• The Office • Manufacturing Industry• Health• Finance and Commerce• Military Institution• Education and Training• Leisure
![Page 86: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
COMPUTER AS AN AID TO LAWYER
Computers are used in many law chambers to record cases and courts proceedings
![Page 87: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUE
• Batch Processing• On-line Processing • Real-time processing• Time Sharing• Distributed Processing• Centralized System • Multitasking • Multiprocessing
![Page 88: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
Movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical, wireless or optical transmission system
![Page 89: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Communication Media
Device that transmits the voice or the data form one point to another
Guided(Wired)
Radiated(Wireless)
![Page 90: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Data Transmission and Communication Devices
Data transmission refers to the movement of data in form of bits between two or more digital devices.
![Page 91: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Data Transmission AsynchronousTransmit only one character at a time Synchronous Data is sent as a block using frames or packets
![Page 92: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Data Transmission ON-LINE DATA TRANSMISSIONCommunication lines are directly connected to the computer either by means of a multiplexor or (Transmission controller)or by means of interface unit.
OFF-LINE DATA TRANSMISSIONCommunication lines are not connected directly to the computer.
![Page 93: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
ELEMENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION
• Information Source • Message • Transmitter • Signal • Receiver • Information Destination
![Page 94: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
EQUIPMENT/COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR DATA TRANSMISSION
• Multiplexor• Front-End-Processor • Concentrator• Modem
![Page 95: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
• Simplex Channel• Half-Duplex• Full- Duplex
![Page 96: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
COMPUTER NETWORKS
• An interconnected set of two or more computers may be called a "Computer Network". A computer that is not connected to other computers is a "Stand-alone system".
![Page 97: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Advantages of Using Computer Networks
• The sharing of resources (e.g. computers and staff) and information. • The provision of local facilities without the loss of central control • The even distribution of work• Improved communication facilities
![Page 98: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS
• Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)
![Page 99: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF NETWORK
• Server or host computer• Client• Circuit
![Page 100: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
![Page 101: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
INTERNET BASICS
Internet is an international network of networks of computers linking different types of users: Academic, Industries, Government, Health Institutions, military, individuals, etc, for the purpose of sharing information
![Page 102: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
BENEFITS OF INTERNET APPLICATION
• Downloading of information • Advertisement • Accessing newspapers, magazines and academic journals • On-line banking • Accessing international media (CNN, BBC, VOA)
![Page 103: Intro to Computing for National Diploma Students](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052308/587891a31a28ab375f8b5d09/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
USES OF THE INTERNET
• Electronic Mail (E-MAIL)• World Wide Web (WWW)• TELNET• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)• USENET• Gopher