Intro to cellular resp
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Transcript of Intro to cellular resp
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Energy and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 7
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Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis• Formulas
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Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
• Organelles• Mitochondria
• Eukaryotic cells• Structure is key
− Two membranes− Space between membranes− Matrix makes up inner
membrane– Lots of enzymes found
here for chemical reactions
− Complex folding=many sites for reactions to take place– Maximizes ATP production
• Chloroplast• More about this one later…
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Energy• Heat (thermal)• Light (solar)• Electrical• What carries energy?
• Electrons (little energy packets)• Negatively charged particle• Involved in making bonds between atoms• Electromagnetic spectrum
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How is Energy Transferred?• Think food chain!• First Law of
Thermodynamics aka the Law of Conservation of Energy• E cannot be created or
destroyed, only transferred (converted)
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Kinetic vs. Potential• Energy of
motion• Anything
moving or in motion
• Ex.• Climbing stairs• Leg muscles
working
• Stored energy due to an objects position or arrangement
• As you climb up, you are getting higher, more gravitational pull, increase potential E
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Two Types of Kinetic Energy• Directed kinetic
energy• Ex. Your body as it
moves down slide
• Random kinetic energy of molecular motion• Thermal energy• Ex. When your body
collides with water. Air and water molecules are forced to move and collide at random, transferring energy
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• Thermal Energy• Created from Random molecular motion• “Heat” is thermal energy that is
transferred from warmer object to cooler object
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So exactly what happens as you go down the slide?
• As you climb up the slideKinetic E
• When you reach top of slidepotential E
• As you slide downdirected kinetic E
• When you hit water and stopRandom kinetic E of molecular motion
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• You cannot retrieve thermal energy, so you must get new source of energy to climb back up the slide
• What do you do?
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Eat food!• Food is composed
of organic compounds• Carbohydrates• Fats • Proteins• All rich in E
• These organic compounds contain a form of potential energy we call
• CHEMICAL ENERGY
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Organic compounds• Potential to do work is in
the arrangement of atoms in the molecules
• Amount of potential energy depends on the structure of the molecules
• When you break a bond, you release E
• Energy now available for muscles to do work
• Structures of…• Proteins• Carbohydrates• Fats
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Cells and Cars use Combustion• Cells
• Glucose• Oxygen• Energy to do work
• Transport, mechanical, chemical
• Releases carbon dioxide and water
• Cars• Hydrocarbons (in
gasoline)• Oxygen• Energy to do
mechanical work• Releases carbon
dioxide and water
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calorie • Amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of water 1*C• Very tiny• Not practical to measure energy in food• Express in kilocalories (kcal), or
Calories, what is on the nutrition label• KHDmdcm
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Burning food…• Changes chemical energy to
thermal energy (releases heat)• Measure increase of water
temperature and definition of calorie to find out how much chemical energy is in food
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Practice problem• If a peanut is burned and the
temperature of 1 kilogram of water is raised by 8*C, how many calories are in the peanut?
• How many Calories (kcal)?• How many calories?
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Find the amount of calories in each food and which provides the most energy1 2 3