Intro to Apache Spark - Lab

Introduction to Apache Spark

www.mammothdata.com | @mammothdataco

Lab Overview

● ‘Hello world’ RDD example● Importing a dataset● Dataframe operations and visualizations● Using MLLib on dataset

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Lab — Hello World

● ./run_spark





Lab — Hello World

● val text = sc.parallelize(Seq(“your text here”))● val words = text.flatMap(line => line.split(" "))● words.collect





Lab — Hello World

● val taggedWords = words.map(word => (word,1))● val counts = taggedWords.reduceByKey(_ + _)● counts.collect()





Lab — Dataset

● https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Wine● Information on 3 different types of wine from Genoa● 178 entries (small!)




https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Wine

https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Wine


Lab — Loading The Wine Dataset

● val wines = sqlContext.read.json("wine.json")● wines.registerTempTable(“wines”)





Lab — Showing the generated Schema

● wines.printSchema





Lab — Dataframe Operations

● wines.first






● sqlContext.sql("SELECT Type, count(Type) AS count FROM wines GROUP BY Type").show






● Experiment with %sql on the dataset (SELECT, COUNT, etc)





Lab — K-means Clustering

● K-Means clustering is an unsupervised algorithm which splits a dataset into a number of clusters (k) based on a notion of similarity between points. It is often applied to real-world data to obtain a picture of structure hidden in large datasets, for example, identifying location clusters or breaking down sales into distinct purchasing groups.






k initial "means" (in this case k=3) are randomly generated within the

data domain (shown in colour).






k (in this case, 3) clusters are created by comparing each data

point to the closest mean.






The centroid of each of these clusters is found, and these are

used as new means. New clusters are formed via observing the

closest data points to these new mean as shown in Step 2. The

process is repeated until the means converge (or until we hit our

iteration limit)





Lab — K-means Clustering: Imports

● import org.apache.spark.mllib.clustering.KMeansimport org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.Vectors

● import org.apache.spark.sql._





Lab — K-means Clustering: Features

● val featureCols = wines.select("Alcohol", "Hue", "Proline")● val features = featureCols.rdd.map { case Row(a: Double, h:

Double, p: Double) => Vectors.dense(a,h,p) }● features.cache





Lab — K-means Clustering: Training Model

● val numClusters = 2● val numIterations = 20● val model = KMeans.train(features, numClusters,

numIterations)





Lab — K-means Clustering: Finding k

● k can be any number you like!● WSSSE - Within Set Sum of Squared Error● Squared sum of distances between points and their respective

centroid● val wssse = model.computeCost(features)





Lab — K-means Clustering: Finding k

● Test on k = 1 to 5● (1 to 5 by 1).map (k => KMeans.train(features, k,

numIterations).computeCost(features)) ● WSSSE normally decreases as k increases● Look for the ‘elbow’





Lab — K-means Clustering: Training Model

● val numClusters = 1● val numIterations = 20● val wssse = KMeans.train(features, numClusters,

numIterations).computeCost(features)





Lab — K-means Clustering: k = 3

● val numClusters = 3● val numIterations = 10● val model = KMeans.train(features, numClusters,

numIterations)





Lab — K-means Clustering: Obtaining Type Predictions

● val predictions = features.map ( feature => model.predict(feature))





Lab — K-means Clustering: Comparing To Labels

● val counts = predictions.map (p => (p,1)).reduceByKey(_+_)● counts.collect





Lab — Next Steps

● Looks good, right? Let’s look at what the labels for each point really are.

● val features = featureCols.rdd.map { case Row(t: Double, a: Double, h: Double, p: Double) => (t,Vectors.dense(a,h,p)) }

● val predictions = features.map ( feature => (feature._1, model.predict(feature._2)))

● val counts = predictions.map (p => (p,1)).reduceByKey(_+_)● counts.collect● A slightly different story!





Lab — Next Steps

● k-means clustering - useful! But not perfect!● Try again with more features in the vector and see if it

improves the clustering.● Bayes? Random Forests? All in MLLib and with similar

interfaces!





Lab — Next Steps

● spark.apache.org





Lab — Questions

● ?




Intro to Apache Spark - Lab

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