Intro Pneumatic
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Transcript of Intro Pneumatic
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Design of Pneumatic Controls
Do It Right The First Time !
PNEUMATIK
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The history of Pneumatics
APAKAH SISTEM PNEUMATIK
Dalam perkataan kuno Greek/Yunani.
Pneuma bererti udara atau nafas dan
Aktik bermaksud action/pergerakan(motion)
In a simple sentence
Pneumatics means the movement of air
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APAKAH SISTEM PNEUMATIK
Sistem pneumatik adalah :
satu cara bagi menggerakkan , mengerjakan
atau mengawal pergerakan denganmenggunakan udara / angin yang ditekan
(compressed) dalam peralatan sistem pneumatik
melalui saluran paip.
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Sekarang penggunaan kuasa
pneumatik amat meluas.
Penggunaan yang meluas dalam
industri.
PENGENALAN
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Compressed Air
The 3rd Largest Energy Source
Originates From The Atmosphere
Used in Every Industry
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Definition of Pneumatics
The use of compressed air in order to
generate force that can produce
mechanical movement
Penggunaan angin mampat untuk
menghasilkan daya yang boleh digunakanuntuk memperbolehkan pergerakan
secara mekanikal
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Applications ofPneumatics
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Applications
Packaging
Feeding
Transfer of materials
Sorting Stacking
Stamping and embossing
Clamping
Shifting Positioning
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Sistem Pneumatik.
Robot Pneumatik.
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Conveying
Sistem Pneumatik
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Conveying
Actuators used in
Pushing
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Clamping
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Punching, bending and sofa testing
Actuators used inMachining -
Forming
Actuators used
in Testing and
Quality Control
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Actuators used in Machining - Drilling
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Advantages
and
Disadvantages
of
Compressed Air
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Availability
Air is Practically Available Everywhere.
It is Available in Unlimited Quantities.
Mudah diperolehi
Mengguna udara di mana udara adalahmudah didapati
Dan percuma dan tanpa batasan
penggunaannya.
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Transport
Air can be Easily Transported in Pipelines,
even Over Large Distances
Penghantaran melalui paip
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Storage
A Compressor Need Not Be in ContinuousOperation.
Compressed Air can be Stored in a Reservoir and
Removed as Required.
The Reservoir can be Transportable.
Penyimpanan.
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Temperature
Compressed Air is Relatively Insensitive to
Temperature Fluctuations.
This Ensures Reliable Operation, Even
Under Extreme Conditions.
Suhu yang malar
Tidak sensitif kepada suhu
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Explosion Proof
There is Minimal Risk of Explosion or Fire.
No Expensive Protection Against Explosion is
Required.
Risiko rendah terhadap letupan
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Cleanliness
Unlubricated Exhaust Air is Clean.
Any Unlubricated Air Does Not Cause
Contamination.
Useful in Food, Wood and Textile Industries.
Bersih
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Components
Operating Components are of Simple
Construction and Therefore Relatively
Inexpensive.
Komponen ringkas and murah
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Speed
Compressed Air is a Very Fast Working Medium.
High Working Speeds Can be Obtained.
KELAJUAN
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Adjustable
With Compressed Air Components, Speeds
and Forces are Infinitely Variable.
PELARAS
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Overload Safe
Pneumatic Tools and Operating Components
Can be Loaded to the Point of Stopping and
Therefore Overload Safe.
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Preparation
Compressed Air Requires Good
Preparation.
Dirt and Condensate Should Not be
Present.
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Compressible
It is Not Always Possible to Achieve
Uniform and Constant Piston Speeds
with Compressed Air.
Kelajuan cylinder yang lancar dan tidak dapatdihasilkan dengan angin mampat disebabkan
oleh ciri angin yang berikut:kemampatan angin
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Force Requirement
Compressed Air is Economical Only up
to a Certain Force Requirement.
At 6-7 bar, and Dependent on the
Travel and Speed, the Output Limit is
Between 20000 and 30000 Newtons.
Daya piston melebihi 30,000 Newton
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Noise Level
The Exhaust Air is Loud.
The Problem is Largely Solved with
New Silencers.
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Costs
Compressed Air is a Relatively
Expensive Means of Conveying Power.
The High Energy Costs are Partially
Compensated by Inexpensive
Components and Higher Performance.
Daya piston melebihi 30,000 Newton
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In a pneumatic system there are 2 main things that
can be controlled:-
1) Pressure (the force generated at the cylinder)
2) Flow rate (the speed of the cylinder)
UNIT ASAS PENGUKURAN
UNIT ASAS PENGUKURAN
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UNITS
PRESSURE = FORCE
AREA
BAR p s i Pascal
1 BAR = psi14. 5 = KPascal100
1 Pascal = 1 Newton
1 metre 2
Pressure
? ?
The units most widely used are.
Pressure : bar/pound per square inch (psi) /Pascal (Pa)
(1 bar = 14.5 psi = 105/100,000 Pa/100kPa)
UNIT ASAS PENGUKURAN
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Components of a pneumatic system
Pneumatic elements
Energy supply
Input elements
Processing element
Final control element
Actuating devices
compressor
receiver/air reservoir/air tank
service unit
sensors
pushbutton
limit switches
directional control valve
logic elements
directional control valve
cylinders
1
2
3
4
5
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Compressed AirPreparation
1. Compressor
2.Recooler
3. Water and Oil Separator4. Reservoir
5. Dryer6. Filter and
pressureregulator
Design of an air generation plant
Compressed Air
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Atmospheric Air Details Air Quality Standard
Compressor Piston, Vane, ScrewEnergy Supply
Electric Motor
Diesel or Petrol Engine Storage Receiver
Filter
Drying Absorption, Refrigeration, Adsorption
Distribution Air distribution system
Service unit Filter, Regulator, Lubricator
Plant
Compressed Air
Supply
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Result
Dirty Contaminated Air In the system
Causing Pipework Contamination &
Damage Blocking Valves and Machinery
PROBLEMs
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Air Generation and
Distribution
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Air Compressor
Air is taken from the atmosphere and compressed using a
COMPRESSOR
Pemampat
Memampatkan udara daripada tekanan atmosfera ketekanan yang lebih tinggi
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Angin dari atmosfera dimampatkan denganmenggunakan Pemampat (Compressor)
Angin dari atmosfera disedut dari udara sekelilingmelalui motor dan angin dimampat oleh omboh bagi
mendapat tekanan yang diperlukan
Compressor
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Pemampat udara menggunakan motor
elektrik untuk memampat udara.
Compressors (Pemampat)State and comparing types of air compression:
a. Reciprocal compressors (salingan):
i. One level piston compressor and two levels piston
compressor (omboh satu dan dua peringkat)ii. Diaphragm compressor (jenis gegendang)
b. Rotation compressors (putaran):
i. Slide ram compressor (ram gelangsar)
ii. Screw compressor (jenis skru)
Pemampat
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Pemampat Salingan
Menggunakan gerakan salingan omboh(piston) dalamsilinder untuk memampatkan udara.
Biasanya udara termampat dihasilkan melalui prosesmampatan dalam satu peringkat atau dua peringkat
Pemampat satu peringkat menghasilkan tekanan yanglebih rendah daripada pemampat dua peringkat.
Pemampat(Reciprocating)
C d i l Pi t
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Compressed air supply: Piston compressor
The piston compressor is widely
used. Multi-stage compressors are
required for compressing to high
pressure. The drawn in air is
compressed by the first piston,
cooled and then compressedfurther by the next stage.
Reciprocating
Piston
compressor
Pemampat Salingan dua peringkat
Cooler
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Diaphragm compressor
It is the same as the piston but piston compressor is replaced with the installationdisks and diaphragm.
Diaphragm is connected to the disk and cylinder walls.
Air in and out only in diaphragm area only.
inletoutlet
diaphragm
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Slide ram compressor
This compressor is a compact, high-speed, free from contamination lubricants and
tend to have higher efficiency, but not as high efficiency reciprocating compressor.Rotary compressor can result in pressure between 400 kN / m - 800 kN / m. Ability
can reach 100 m / min.
inlet outlet
S C
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Screw Compressor
Pemampat Skru
Two-axle
Screw
Compressor
inlet
outlet
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Screw-type compressors use lubricating oil as a protection fromleakage. It can be used if the load applied to it does not change.
The problem of screw-type compressor is compressed air produced
with oil content, so they need the oil filter is installed in series is
divided output.
motor
inletoutlet
filter
Receiver/Pressure tank
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Compressed AirReceiver
Tangki Penerima
Menyimpan tenaga angin
Receiver/Pressure tank
Reservoir /Pressure tank/ Air Tube
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Tempat simpan udara/Penyimpanan sementara udaratermampat.
Menstabilkan/mengimbangi tekanan udara yangdibekalkan.
Mengasingkan kotoran dan bendasing yang terbentuk.
Pemeluwap yang terhasil akibat penurunan suhudikeluarkan melalui injap silir.
Tangki Penerima / Tabung udara
Reservoir /Pressure tank/ Air Tube
inlet
outlet
Pressure relief valve (injap pelega tekanan)
Relief valve (injap pelepasan)
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Menyejukkan udara supaya keluarkan kelembapan dan air
boleh dikeluarkan di peringkat awal lagi.Sebab udara yang
ditekan biasanya panas dan perlu disejukkan.
Helps in keeping cost low by engaging the compressor whenpressure level is low by means of a pressure switch.
pemampat angin akan ON and OFF dengan
bantuan komponen berikut:Pressure switch
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Pressure-relief valve
This tool is an air receiver installed at intermediate to soothe the changing pressure
in the system and ensure that the operating pressure remains constant.