Intro Gis Rs

7/30/2019 Intro Gis Rs

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Introduction to GIS


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Outline

What is GIS What is RS

Components of GIS

What can GIS do?

Application of GIS Remote Sensing Process

Electromagnetic Radiation

Electromagnetic Spectrum


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GIS & RS

GPSAerial Photo

RS imageProcessing

Surveying

CollectedAttributes

OtherSource/ Documents

GeographicInformation

system


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History of GIS

In early 80s , ESRI developed a commercial GIS software product (ARCINFO), in minicomputer

In late 90s, ESRI launched a whole platform on the desktop and extended to the server,mobile and Web platforms (Web GIS)

In ArcGIS Consists of ArcMap, ArcCatalog, and ArcToolbox, ArcReader

Latest Version is ArcGis 10

ArcGIS is a Wondows Suit consisting of a group of geographic information system(GIS)software products produced by Esri. At the desktop GIS level, ArcGIS can include

ArcReader, which allows one to view and query maps created with the other Arc products;

ArcView, which allows one to view spatial data, create layered maps, and perform basic spatialanalysis;

ArcEdiotor, which, in addition to the functionality of ArcView, includes more advanced tools for

manipulation of shape files and geodatabases; or ArcInfo which includes capabilities for data manipulation, editing, and analysis.


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History of GIS

Prior to the ArcGIS suite, Esri had focused its software development on the

command line Arc/INFO workstation program and several Graphical UserInterface based products such as the ArcView GIS 3.X desktop program

In late 1999, Esri released ArcGIS 8.0, which ran on the Microsoft WindowsOperating System. ArcGIS combined the visual user-interface aspect ofArcView GIS 3.x interface with some of the power from the Arc/INFO version

7.2 workstation

ArcGIS 9 was released in May 2004, which included ArcGIS Server and ArcGISEngine for developers. The ArcGIS 9 release includes a geoprocessingenvironment that allows execution of traditional GIS processing tools (such asclipping, overlay, and spatial analysis) interactively or from any scripting

language


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History of GIS

On June 26, 2008, Esri released ArcGIS 9.3. The new version of ArcGIS

Desktop has new modeling tools and geostatistical error tracking features.

In May 2009, Esri released ArcGIS 9.3.1, which improved the performance

of dynamic map publishing and introduced better sharing of geographic

information

In 2010, Esri announced what had previously been thought of as version

9.4 would be version 10


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Application in Civil EngineeringTown Planning and Site investigation

Terrain mapping and analysis

Water resources Engineering

Hydro power development

Infrastructure and transportation

Network analysis, landslide analysis


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An acronym for GIS Geographic Information System (Common term)

Geophical Information System

Geographic Information Science (academic)

Geographic

Real world features or objects that can be referenced to a specificlocation in space

Information

Specific characteristic, descriptions or properties of real world features

System

Integrated and collaborative combination of hardware,

software,analysis and presentations methods as well as user

communities


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A typical GIS can be understood by the help of defination given below:

Geographic information system as a computerised system thatfacilitates the phase of data entry, data analysis and data

presentation especially in cases when we are dealing with

geireferenced data.

GIS is a set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, transformingand displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular

purpose. (Burrough, 1986)

GIS is a computer based system that provides four sets of

capabilities to handle the geo-referenced data Data input

Data management

Manipulation

visualization


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Energy Source or Illumination(A)

Electromagnetic energy to the target

Radiation and Atmospheric (B)

Contact or Interact with atmosphere

Also from target to sensor

Interaction with Target (C)

Depends upon properties of both radiation and target

Recording of Energy by the Sensor(D)Scattered or emitted from target

Collect and record the electromagnetic radiation


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Transmission, Reception and Processing (E)

In electronic form to receiving and processing station

Data are processed into an image (Hardcopy/Digital)

Interpretation and Analysis (F)

Interpreted Visually/digitally/electronically

Application(G)

Final element of remote sensing , apply the information

for better understand


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Components of GIS

Hardware

Computers, printers /plotters, scanners, network,digital tablets etc

Software

ArcView,ArcGIS/ArcINFO, MapINFO, ERDAS, ILWIS, PCIGeomatics

Data

Spatial and non Spatial data

Methods

Methods of Analysis

People/User communities

Different Fields and Sectors


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What can GIS do?

In nutshell, GIS can show

Position/ Location of feature or Object

Condition

Trends

Patterns

Modelling

Spatial and non-spatial


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What can GIS do?

Location / Position

What is at that point

What is the position ( co-ordinate)

A Residential building with detailinformation


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Condition

Where is It?

Where are the resedential

buildings more then 5 floors

What can GIS do?


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TrendsWhat has been

changed since?

Increase in the

number of Buildings

( 2000-2005)

Number of buildings

increased in this area

What can GIS do?


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Pattern

What spatial pattern

exist?

What is the Pattern

of Traffic Accidents

Occurance high in

Major intersections

What can GIS do?


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Modelling

What ifWhat will be

change in traffic

flow if new

segment hasbeen added

Heavy Traffic

volumn in new

segment

What can GIS do?


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Therefore:

Spatial question

What is the shortest route from one specific point

to another specific point

Non spatial Question

What is the average income rate of the population

in different wards in a muncipality

What can GIS do?


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Assignment

Based on the introductory part of todays lecture

Explain the application of RS and GIS in Civil

Engineering aspect taking example of one sector

in which you want to work on.


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Intro Gis Rs

Documents

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