Intro Automation En

8/7/2019 Intro Automation En

1/66

Introduction to Industrial Automation January 2005

TOLED

Introduction to Industrial Automation

A

B

C

D

Duration : 32 min. Expert, Pedagogy : Philippe W ARIN

Realization : EFISA

PLC's software architecture

PLC's hardware architecture

Operating principles and implementation

to bring the basic knowledge of

industrial automation systems

required before moving on to

implementing specialized

modules for functions such ascommunications

Application development phases


2/66


TOLED

OPERATING PRINCIPLES

AND IMPLEMENTATION

A

B

C

D Application development phases





3/66


TOLED

- Operating principles

Command PartOperative Part

CommandsActuators

Reports

Sensors

one or more processors

controlled by

man-machine interfaces

acts on

physical values

solid, liquid or gaseous products

machines or processes


4/66


TOLED

- The various parts

Command Part

Operative Part

Control

Processing

ProcessSensors Actuators

Actuators

Pre-actuators


5/66


TOLED

- The implementation steps (1/2)

PLC configuration

Data declaration %I100 : niveau maxi

Programming

Analysis of the specifications

Specifications


6/66


TOLED

- The implementation steps (2/2)

Transfert of the

application to the PLC

Application

running

Settings

applicationdocumentation and

archives

- - - - - - - -


7/66


TOLED

In an automated system: The Command Part is made up of one or more processing units controlled by a man-

machine interface, The Operative Part is made up of one or more processing units controlled by a Man-

Machine Interface,

The Operative Part acts on physical values.

Send Clear


8/66


TOLED

A sensor changes the status of the Operative Part depending on the orders generated by the

Command Part, informs the Command Part of the status of the Operative Part,

acts on physical values.

Send Clear


9/66


TOLED

A pre-actuator informs the Command Part of the status of the Operative Part

acts directly on the process: motor, jack...

acts on a power actuator

Send Clear


10/66


TOLED

An actuator measures a physical value: pressure, temperature, motion,

generates an electrical signal used to act on the Operative Part, acts directly on the process: motor, jack...

Send Clear


11/66


TOLED

{questions} out of{total-questions} werecorrect

Your total is {percent}%

Quiz Results


12/66


TOLED

PLCS HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

A

B

C






13/66


TOLED

hardened to resist

mechanical constraints

electro-magnetic interference

heat constraints

- The PLC role

Command Part

Operative Part

ProcessSensors Actuators

Processing

Supervision PCs, PLCs,printers, modems etc

Communication

Control


14/66


TOLED

- PLC architecture

Main rack

1 or more racks

for the interfaces.

Analog input interfaces

Analog output interfaces

Communication interfaces

Processor Digital inputinterfaces

Digital output interfaces

Power supply

PLC's internal bus

Specialized interfaces


15/66


TOLED

- The power supply unit

Provides the electric power for all of the

modulesOne power supply module per rack

Indicators : OK, RUN, BAT

RESET push button

Fuse

Backup battery to save datas/application

Relay output ( Watchdog output)

PSU = Power Supply Unit


16/66


17/66


18/66


TOLED

- The digital output interfaces

Actuators

Pre-actuators

InsulationInsulationInternal

Bus

Adaptation

Amplification

Adaptation

Amplification

5 V24 V

Q0

Q1

Q2

FAULT

Output status

display


19/66


TOLED

- The analog input interfaces

InsulationInsulation

400Internal

Bus

400

Analog /

digital

Conversion

Analog /

digital

Conversion

CAN

40

Connection to sensors :

levels,

pressure,

temprature etc

Dtecteurs, fin de course

4 Volts


20/66


TOLED

- The analog output interfaces

InsulationInsulationInternal

Bus

800

80

Connection to :

pressure regulatorheating valve etc

Digital /

analog

conversion

Digital /

analog

conversion

CNA8 Volts


21/66


TOLED

- Communication interfaces

supervision PLCs, other PLCs,printers, robots, modems etc

Internal

Bus

Drivers +

Micro-

process.

Drivers +

Micro-

process.

RUN

ERR.

Troubleshooting

indicators

Acyclic

exchange

Configuration

adjustment

troubleshooting

Tables of

cyclic

variables

Process

data

CANopen,

DeviceNet,

Ethernet,

Modbus,

Profibus etc


22/66


TOLED

- Application specific interfaces

counting,axis control

motion control

weighing

Internal

Bus

CPU.CPU.RUN

ERR.

Troubleshooting

indicators

Tables of

configuration

troubleshooting

variables

Configuration

Settings

Troubleshooting

Tables of cyclic

variables

Process

data


23/66


TOLED

The PLC{ belongs to the Command Part in an automated system

{ belongs to the Operative Part in an automated system{ accepts data provided by actuators

Submit Clear


24/66


TOLED

The processor{ provides the electric power required by all of the PLC modules

{ makes it possible to connect sensors and actuators{ cyclically runs the application program

Submit Clear


25/66


TOLED

An analog output interface is used to connect

{ level sensors,

{ heating valves,{ encoder wheels.

Submit Clear


26/66


TOLED

Quiz Results

{questions} out of{total-questions} werecorrect



27/66


TOLED

PLCS SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

A

B

C






28/66


TOLED

- PLC's memory structure

Processor module

Data

Program

Constants

Variables used by the application

program. This data is available in

read and write modes.

Program storage

Storage of constants used by the

program

RAMthat can be

battery backed up

RAMbacked up

or

EEPROM

Memory size depends on processor power

and on memory extensions

3 parts


29/66


TOLED

- Data memory

Internal variables

System variables

Interface variables

Function block variables

CPU Data memory

variables intended for storing data while

the application program is running

variables from the various application

interfaces : digital, analog or specific

variables assigned to the various function

blocks: timers, counters, monostables

variables used to inform or act on

the PLC state

4 kinds of

variables


30/66


TOLED

- Internal variables

Bit

Octet

Mot

Double mot

Flottant

%MW 16 bitsWord

%MD 32 bitsDouble Word

%MF 32 bitsFloating

%MB 8 bitsByte

English Syntax Format

%M 1 bitBit

French

Various

formats


31/66


TOLED

- Process interfaces variables

Digital inputs

Digital outputs

Analog inputs

%Q XY.i.r 1 bit Contactors, relay, indicator lights

%IW XY.i.r 16 bits

%ID XY.i.r 32 bits

Temperature, speed, pressure,

position, or current data

%QW XY.i.r 16 bits

%QD XY.i.r32 bits

Temperature, speed, pressure,position setting commands

Syntax Format

%I XY.i.r 1 bit Digital sensors, limit sensors

Use

Topological type

addressing

Analog outputs

For

processing


32/66


33/66


TOLED

- Interface variable addressing

Micro and Premium addressing

%IW XY.i.r

Rack address

Interface position in the rack

Channel number on the interface

Variable position in the channel

Example : %IW 104.0.12

Variable N12

on channel 0

of the interface located in slot 04

in rack N1

Rack N1

Location N3

channel 1 =

topological

addressing


34/66

Introduction to Industrial Automation January 2005TOLED

- Function block variables

Syntax Use

%Tmi .P Preset timer value

%Tmi .V Current timer value

%Ci .P Preset counter value

%Ci.V Current counter value

%Ri .I Input word of memory function block

%Ri. O Output word of memory fonction block

Function block number

Timer function

Counter

Memory block

Predefined

or user

created


35/66


- System variables

Read and

write

Cold start, hot restart, task enabling-disabling,

forcing an output fallback position

Bit

Syntax Use

%S

time base, status data, PLC operating mode,

I/O fault, data memory backup battery statusRead

only

Access

Word %SW

execution times (average, min. and max

values), the number of requests per cycle...Read

only

Read and

write

Control time/date stamping, configuring the

cycle time, saving the data memory...

PLC status

acts on its

operation


36/66


- Numbering systems

Binary ( 0 and 1)Example %MW100 = 11000001011 soit %MW100 = 1547 decimal

Digital variables : ON OFF True - False

Hexadecimal ( 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; A ; B ; C ; D ; E ; F)Example %Mw100 = 60B or %MW100= 1547 decimal

Bytes, words or double words handling

man-machine interface : temperature, pressures, speeds (cycle/mn)

Decimal ( 0 to 9)Example %MW100 = 1547%MW100 = 1547

%MW100 = 11000001011

%MW100 = 60B


37/66


- Program memory

Fueling

Module

Instruction 1

Instruction 2

Alarm control

Module

Instruction 1

Instruction 2

Clearing

Module

Instruction 1

Instruction 2

Instruction 1Instruction 2

End of program

Program

memory

Program

memory

Backed up RAM

REPROM

EEPROM


38/66


39/66


40/66


- The machine cycle

Watering

5mn after full filing of the tank,

watering starts for 25mn.

Operating modes of the machine

STOP to stop watering and pumping

ON to start the installation.

Tank filling

The tank is filled by a pump.

The pump starts :

when low level is detected

when watering ends

The pump stops when full filling isreached.

STOP

ON


41/66


- Cold restart, hot restart

Initialization

checking the configuration

Setting the various modules

Watering

Tank filling

Fertilizer adjonction

Cold restart

Drying

Hot restart


42/66


The data used by the

application is stored :{ in RAM

{ in REPROM

{ in EEPROM

Submit Clear


43/66


Variable %M15 is an internal

variable of which type:{ Bit

{ Byte

{ Word

{ Double word

Submit Clear


44/66


Variable %MD100 is an internal

variable of which type:{ Bit

{ Byte

{ Word

{ Double word

Envoyer Effacer


45/66


%IW104.1.10 is a variable of

which type:{ internal{

system{ interface

{ function block

Submit Clear


46/66


Value 105A is a decimal value

is a hexadecimal value

is a value that corresponds to a byte

is a value that corresponds to a word

Submit Clear


47/66


Value 5A equals binary value 0101 1010

equals binary value 0101 0010

equals decimal value 80

equals decimal value 90

Submit Clear


48/66


49/66


{questions} out of{total-questions} were

correct


Quiz Results


50/66


APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PHASES

A

B

C






51/66


- PLC application various sections

Customized function blocks

producing operating

screens for monitoring

the process

Declaring PLC modules

entering parameter settings

Program in the

different langages

Structuring, naming,

setting initial value of

variables

Application debugging

Generating application

files for archiving


52/66


- PLC station description


53/66


- Hardware and software configuration

Hardware

and software


54/66


- Datas declaration and structure

Adress Symbol Comment

%I1.0 NIV_High High level detection

Declaration

processInitialization

%MW0 to %MW50

Communicationfield

%MW200 %MW700

Structure

Bits%Ix.y :Digital input (x position of the

module in the rack, y position of

digital input)

%Qx.y : Digital output

%Mx : internal Bit (x bit address)%Mx:n Table of n internal bits

%MWx:Xy internal word bit (y bitposition, x word adress)

Words%MWx : Internal word (x bit address)

%MWx:n Table of n words

%MDx : Word of 32 bits

%MDx:n Table of n words

%MFx (ou %FDx) : Floating word%MFx:n Table of n words

%MBx(n) : String of n characters (x :

addresse of the character string)

%KWx, %KDx, %KFx : Constants

IEC Syntax


55/66


Module 1 (LD)

Module 2 (ST)

Module n (LD)

Basic processing

- Program structure

Mixing

Module

Instruction 1

Instruction 2

WateringModule

Instruction 1

Instruction 2

Filling

Module

Instruction 1

Instruction 2 Module 10 (LD)

Module 12 (ST)

Module n (LD)

Events

processing

Power break


56/66


57/66


- The Ladder language orDiagram language : LD


58/66


(* Update current cycling indicator *)

IF %M0 THEN

SET %M18;

ELSE RESET %M18;

END_IF;

(* RESET application *)

IF RE %M21 OR %S13 THEN

SET %S0;

END_IF;

(* initialization of variables : cold restart *)

IF %S0 THEN %MF502:=30.0;%MD0:=%MD2:=%MD4:=7;%MW202:=8;

END_IF;

- The structured literal programming language : ST

(* Initialization and then back to initial step *)

%L2:

IF (NOT Bp_Vehicle_presence AND NOT Cycle_started)

THEN

Memo_start_cycle:=TRUE;

Memo_step6:=FALSE;

Cycle_started:=FALSE;

END_IF;

(* Time reading *)

RRTC(Timer:4);

(* Number of objects to carry *)

TOTAL:=WORKSHOP1 + WORKSHOP2;

Succession

of instructions

Comments

Comments

Comments

Label


59/66


- Grafcet language: SFC

StepsTransitions

Processing


60/66


- Function blocks language : FBD


61/66


- Instructions list language : IL

Program instructionsComments


62/66


- Animation tables, multiple window function


63/66


Choose the correct sequence:{ 1 . Data structuring

2 . PLC configuration

3 . Program structuring4 . Programming

5 . Animation tables

{ 1 . PLC configuration

2 . Program structuring

3 . Programming

4 . Data structuring5 . Animation tables

{ 1 . PLC configuration

2 . Data structuring

3 . Program structuring

4 . Programming

5 . Animation tables

Submit Clear


64/66


Animation tables let you:{ structure a program

{ structure data

{ observe and change data in real-time

Submit Clear

IF (NOT V hi l PB AND NOT C l d) THEN


65/66


IF (NOT Vehicle_presence_PB AND NOT Cycle_started) THEN

Memo_start_cycle:=TRUE;

END_IF;

{ Is written in List language

{ Is written in Ladder language

{ Is written in Grafcetlanguage

{ Is written in Structured language

Submit Clear


66/66


{questions} out of{total-questions} were

correct


Quiz Results

Intro Automation En

Documents

Transcript of Intro Automation En