Intraoral and panoramic equipment, techniques, · Bisecting angle (isometric, Cieszyński)...
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Intraoral and panoramic radiography: equipment, techniques, indications. Stanisław Jalowski Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology
Transcript of Intraoral and panoramic equipment, techniques, · Bisecting angle (isometric, Cieszyński)...
Intraoral and panoramicradiography:equipment, techniques, indications.
Stanisław JalowskiDepartment of Dental and Maxillofacial
Radiology
Radiography techniques
✓ Summary
+ +
✓ Layer
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Periapical radiograph techniques
✓ Paralleling (right angle, long cone)
✓ Bisecting angle (isometric, Cieszyński)
Localization techniques
✓ tube-shift (Clark’s rule)
✓ buccal-object rule (Richard’s) - horizontal angulation
SLOB
Periapicals
Indications:
• Caries assessment
• Periodontal assessment (marginal and apical)
• Treatment evaluation
• Endodontic treatment planning
• Dental trauma assessment
• Extraction planning
• Implant osteointegration assessment
Essential elements
✓ Dental X-ray units
✓ Receptor
✓ Shielding
✓ Knowledge
Essential elements
✓ Dental X-ray units
✓ focal spot
✓ Generator (DC / HF)
Effects of the size of the focus
Zone of unsharp edges
Object
Effective focalspot
Actual focal spot
Actual focalspot
Electron beam Electron beam
The advantages of DC generator
- setting up of time exposure every 1/100 sek.
- 20 – 30 % lower dose then using analog detectors, 50% - then digital
- good contrast quality at 70kVp
The advantages of HF generator
Shielding
ALARA
Collimation
Collimation
two standard (OF) distances:- 20 cm (8 cali)- 40 cm (16 cali)
Effects of distance between the focus and the object
Focal spot
Focal spotFocal spot Focal spot
Collimation
Collimation
X-Ray Machine Collimator - SABIC Innovative Plastic’s LNP* Thermocomp* X-Ray Shielding Specialty Compound
Collimation
Reverse square inverse rule
Self protection
„ Position and distance rule”
Image interpretation
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XCP – extension cone paralleling
Receptor-Holding Instruments
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BAI – bisecting angle technique
Vertical angulation
Focal spot
Focal spot
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Setting up
- the anatomy of the maxilla, mandible & teeth;- position of the patient head;- position of the x-ray tube;- the "target point" of the x-ray beam.
PLANES
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The Camper lineshould be
horizontallyfor MAXILLA teeth imaging
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That lineshould be
horizontallyfor MANDIBLEteeth imaging
(with mouth wide open)
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Upper incisors
+550
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Upper canines
+500
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Upper premolars
+400
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Upper molars
+300
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Lower incisors
-200
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Lower canine
-150
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Lower premolars
-100
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Lower molars
-50
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-5-10-15-20
+30+40+50+55
Żuchwa
Szczęka
TrzonowePrzedtrzonoweKłySieczne
Incisors Canines Premolars Molars
upper +40 +45 +30 +20
lower -15 -20 -10 -5
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CMX – complet-mouth x-ray survey
FMX – full-mouth survey
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CMX – complet-mouth x-ray survey
FMX – full-mouth survey
Localization techniques
SLOB
Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
Localization techniques
SLOB
20o
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In orthoradial projection: the central ray should be perpendicular to the tangent of segment of the dental arch and should create the appropriate angles with the sagittal plane
In oblique projection: the central ray shoud be shifted mesially or distally
BITEWING EXAMINATIONS
Include the crowns of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and the alveolar crest on the same receptor
Indications :
• Interproximal caries detection
• Secondary caries detection
• Periodontits marginalis assessment (alveolar bone crest, changes in bone height)
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VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL
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Occlusal x-rays
axial oblique(tophographic, izhometric)
lateralanterior
(standard)dekstrasinistra
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Occlusal axial x-rays
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Occlusal oblique anterior x-rays(standard)
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Occlusal oblique lateral x-rays
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