Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of … · 2017-12-07 · Challenges for the...

Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects

of management and housing conditions on results

Dr. Rick van Emous & Dr. Sander Lourens

▪ Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers

▪ Monitoring results: data collection

● Broiler management – variation between farms

● Chick and feed quality

● From open to (Semi-) closed housing

● Interventions in water systems

● Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms

▪ Training of Animal Focussed Management

▪ Future improvements based on AFM



● Low biosecurity

● High disease pressure

● Heat stress

● Uncontrolled and long DOC transport

● Poor performance parameters

● High use of antibiotics

● Poor drinking water quality

● Young slaughter age and preference for small (whole) carcasses

● ....

Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers

Fluctuations in prices for slaughter ready chicken, day old chicks (doc) and feed in 2014-2015, averaged for the districts of Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Bekasi and Tangerang.

Additional challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers

Characteristics of broilers

▪ Broilers grow very fast in a short time:

● Top athletes!

▪ It is a delicate process

▪ Small faults have huge effects

▪ Preventing problems

▪ Optimizing details in management, equipment and housing is very important

5

Challenges to improve:

▪ DOC quality

▪ Brooding

▪ Body temperature control

▪Water quality

▪ Feed quality

▪ ....


▪Monitoring results: data collection










Monitoring results: Data collection

▪ First year of the project (2015): testing

● General data

● Production data

● Economic data

▪ To make comparison between flocks, houses, farms, etc. (2016)

▪ To test effects of interventions (2017)

▪ From manual to automatic data collection at the MBLC (2017 ...)

general data

- house dimensions

- number of bird places

- slaughter age

- cleaning time

Economic data

- price of the day old chicks

- feed costs

- broiler selling price at the gate

other costs

- electricity

- water

- heating / gas

- health care

- Litter

- catching and transport

- cleaning

Source of data

performance data

- body weight

- feed consumption

- mortality

Based on this, we calculate Feed Margin (FM) per 100 broilers placed at d0

FM = slaughter income – (feed costs + DOC price) An estimate of the other costs can be made per 100

broilers, which gives an estimate for the annual income of the broiler farm = Gross Margin per 100 broilers placed

GM = FM – other costs Using this data, the pay-back time can be estimated of

any quality investment

Source of data

Comparison worst-best farm*

Worst Best Average

Production performance

Production period (d) 24 30 30

BW (g) 1,106 1,483 1,339

Mortality (%) 5.3 3.3 6.0

FCR 1.66 1.53 1.52

Production Index (IP) 278 323 294

Economics

DOC price (IDR/DOC) 3,900 2,700 3,864

Feed price (IDR/kg) 6,797 7,000 6,967

Meat price (IDR/kg) 16,504 16,800 18,119

GM/house/yr (MIDR) 5 179 122

* April to June 2015

Broiler Management - Effects of cheap feed and chicks

Control Cheap feed

Cheap chicks

CheapF+C

Production performance

Production period (d) 33.5 35.0 32.0 35.0

BW (g) 1,399 903 1,288 935

Mortality (%) 10.9 21.6 13.9 17.2

FCR 1.82 2.91 1.83 2.88

Production Index (IP) 229 89 220 93

Economics

DOC price (IDR/DOC) 5,275 5,275 4,000 4,000

Feed price (IDR/kg) 6,650 5,750 6,650 5,750

Meat price (IDR/kg) 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000

GM/house/yr (MIDR) -59 -222 -49 -229

Typical chick temperature recordings during the day, in the week 1, 2, 3 and 4 of production.

Broiler Management – avoiding temperature stress

Effects of heat stress

▪ Panting costs energy

▪ Reduced BW and increased FCR

▪ Increased water consumption

▪ High Antibiotic use !

▪ Increased mortality (ca. 10%)

Types of mechanical ventilation

▪ Cross ventilation:

● Fresh air through inlets on one side of the house

● The air is expelled on the other side of the house

▪ Tunnel ventilation:

● Fresh air via inlets in the front wall

● Fans are placed in the back wall

● Relative high air velocity (wind chill effect)

Wind chill effect

19

Wind chill effect on body temperature

20

Tunnel ventilation (semi-closed house)

Peter van Horne, Wageningen Economic Research, the Netherlands

Rick van Emous, Wageningen Livestock Research, the Netherlands

Bubun Setiawan Hirawan, Medion, Indonesia

Traditional open broiler

house with a high roof,

natural ventilation, open

side walls and manual

feeding (water).

Closed broiler house with

two floors with a low ceiling,

tunnel ventilation, (semi)

closed side walls (with

plastic curtains) and

automatic feeding (water).

Economics of closed versus open broiler houses

Field data semi-closed broiler house

23

Farm A Farm B

Open Closed Open Closed

Prod. period (d) 30.1 29.6 30.5 30.5

BW (kg) 1.60 1.67 1.46 1.65

FCR 1.54 1.39 1.67 1.45

Mort. (%) 6.8 3.3 9.0 3.2

Prod. Index 323 393 261 362

➢ Stocking density from 8 to at least 15 #/m2

➢ Improved welfare

➢ Antibiotic use: 70-80% reduction is possible?

We assume that on both farms 40,320 broilers are kept (average in Indonesia).

Open housing: - 7 houses of 8 meter wide and 80 meter long. - The total ground surface area of the open house is 4,480 m2. - The average density is 9 broilers per m2 poultry house. - The average empty period between flocks is 28 days.

Closed housing:

- 2 levels in a house of 12 meter wide and 105 meter long.

- The total ground surface area of the house is 1,260 m2.

- The total surface available for the broilers is 2,520 m2 (2 levels)

- The average density is 16 broilers per m2 living area.

- The average empty period between flocks is 28 days.

Economics of closed versus open broiler houses

Field data semi-closed broiler house

25

Average

Open Closed

Prod. period (d) 30.3 30.0

BW (kg) 1.53 1.66

FCR 160 1.42

Mort. (%) 7.9 3.2

Prod. Index 291 377

Field data closed broiler house

26

Open house Semi-closedhouse

Poultry house, building* 125,000 700,000

Poultry house, electricity 5,000 300,000

Equipment 40,000 400,000

Generator 0 100,000

Total 170,000 1,500,000

* Investment (IDR per m2 ground surface area)

Field data closed broiler house

27

Open house Semi-closedhouse

DOC (IDR/DOC) 4,500 4,500

Feed (IDR/kg) 7,000 7,000

Production in kg live weight* 1.41 1.61

Total costs per broiler housed 17,190 15,276

Payback period (years) 4.5

* Corrected for mortality

Sensitivity analysis

28

Years

Closed house (average) 4.5

Production above average 3.6

Production below average 6.1

Lower revenue price (15,750 vs. 16,000 IDR/kg) 6.0

Lower feed price (6,500 vs. 7,000 IDR/kg) 2.7

Higher price DOC (5,000 vs. 4,500 IDR/DOC) 6.5

➢ Good production performance are very important for a short

payback period

➢ Payback period is highly dependent of market prices

Summary semi-closed house

▪ Air flow diminished heat stress

▪ Tunnel ventilation is a good system for Indonesia

▪ Improved production performance:

● BW: +8%

● Mortality: -59%

● FCR: -11%

● IP: +30%

● Density: >88%

▪ Improved welfare (and AB use ?)

29






● Interventions in water systems at pilot farms






Intervention water systems at pilot farms

▪Water sampling before and after intervention

▪ Plan of Action

▪ UV-system to reduce bacterial load

● 6 different farms

● 1 house/farm

▪ Data collection before and after adjustment

Water quality (biofilm)

▪ A slimy film consisting of bacteria, yeast and moulds

▪ Forms on the surface of the water lines or containers

▪ Affects also antibiotic treatments or vaccination

32

Source: Broiler Signals®

Contributing factors for biofilms

▪ Dead ends

▪ Hanging pipes

▪ Open tanks

▪ High temperature

▪ Oxygen

▪ Light

▪ Use of additives like vitamins / sugar

33

- Own well and storage

- Water consumption – how much under what conditions?

- Water administration – height, pressure

- Bio-film in water lines

- Water sanitation:

- Effect of UV water treatment at pilot farms

Intervention water systems at pilot farms

Intervention UV water treatment system

Water quality before/after intervention

Before After Standard

Bacteriological

Tot. bacteria (#/100 ml) 1152 829 <100

E. coli 4 Pos./1 Neg. 4 Pos./1 Neg. Neg.

Salmonella sp. 5 Neg. 5 Neg. Neg.

Chemical

pH 6.8 7.2 6.5-8.5

Chlorine (ppm) 8.1 9.2 <500

Nitrate (ppm) 1.0 2.7 <200

Nitrite (ppm) 0.05 0.02 <1

Chalk (mg/l) 47.7 40.5 ≤110

Broiler performance UV-system

Before After Diff. (%)

# Farms 3 3

# Flocks 5 3

Prod. period (d) 31.0 30.7 -1%

BW (kg) 1.38 1.39 +1%

Mortality (%) 7.0 5.5 -21%

FCR (kg/kg) 1.60 1.50 -6%

Production Index (IP) 278 302 +9%

Margin/house/y (MIDR) 156 351

Summary UV-system

▪Water quality at most farms is very bad (bacterial)

▪Water quality can be improved by installing a UV-system (costs approx. 12 MIDR)

▪ Positive effect on production performance:

● BW: + 1%

● Mortality: -21%

● FCR: -6%

● IP: + 9%

● Management (training)?






● Innovations in water systems






Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms

▪ Developed and provided by Sommen BV

▪ Tested at the Modern Broiler Learning Centre

▪ Used for own technical and economic data by Medion

▪ Further developed as hand-held tool, available for all broiler farmers!

Training of Animal Focussed Management

Is not the same as “I use the Manual Management” !!

Training Animal Focussed Management

▪ Training program:

● To improve Animal Focused Management

(AFM) among the staff of pilot broiler

farms

▪ Practical handbook:

● Broiler Signals adapted and translated

to Bahasa

● Practical advice to optimise farm

management

Main issues training program 2016

▪ Basic broiler management:

● Parameters + data collection

● Broiler Signals (Look-Think-Act)

▪ Closed house management:

● Body temperature chickens

● Heat stress + mechanical ventilation

▪Water management:

● Water quality

● Water systems


▪ Expert broiler farm manager Part 1:

● Essentials of good brooding practise

● The right feed at the right time

● Improve broiler health + dissection practical training


▪ Expert broiler farm manager Part 2:

● Data to optimise technical and economic results

● Ventilation principles for broilers in hot climate

● Water quality in broiler houses

● Innovations in the broiler sector based on AFM

Training program

Title Date Participants

Basic broiler management June 2016 65

Closed house management August 2016 50

Water management Dec 2016 105

Several topics Jan 2017 40

Expert broiler farm manager Part 1 April 2017 95

Expert broiler farm manager Part 2 October 2017 95

Total 450*

* Participants: 40% farm managers (and staff), 30% PT Medion, 15% DINAS, 10% GOPAN and 5% others.

▪ KAP = Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

▪ List of major items (addressed during the different sessions) were filled in by the farmers

▪ Also reasons for not implemented major items

KAP questionnaire broiler farmers

KAP analysis

Items % yes Reason not

Data collection 100

Data comparison 67

Body temperature 20 Use behaviour signs

Prevention of heat stress 60 Costs

Cleaning water system 100

Improved water system 80 Costs / positive effects?

Recirculation fans 80 Costs

Recognising ‘panting’ 100

Look-Think-Act 93 Education level farm staff

Broiler Signals Bahasa

▪ Broiler Signals concept is based on Look-Think-Act

▪ Focus on three main questions:

● What do I see?

● Why does this happen?

● What should I do?

▪ 1st edition presented on 19th of June Dutch Embassy Jakarta

Students

Koen Coumans Jelte Kock

Future improvements based on AFM

Integral approach to improve management factors:

1. Consistent and adequate data collection

2. Improved transport from hatchery to broiler farm

3. Improved brooding practise

4. Development of farm hatching systems

5. Improved ventilation techniques

6. Improved water quality management

7. Transition to larger semi-closed housing systems

8. Use of natural products to support chick health

9. Decreased antibiotics use

Terima Kasih / Thank you

▪Website: www.difslive.com

▪ Contacts:

Rick van Emous ([email protected])

Sander Lourens ([email protected])

http://www.difslive.com/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of … · 2017-12-07 · Challenges for the...

Documents

Transcript of Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of … · 2017-12-07 · Challenges for the...