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INTERVENTION BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10

CHAPTER 10 : TRANSPORT1. The diagram below shows the cross section of a human heart.

(a) Label structures A, B, C and D.

A: . C: ..

B: . D: ..

(b) State the functions of structures labelled P and Q.

P: .

Q: .

(c) The muscular wall of D is thicker compared to the muscular wall of structure E. Explain why?

(d) Draw arrows to indicate the direction of blood flow in the heart.

(e) Name two differences between structures Q and S .

1. .....................................................................................

..

2. ..

2. Figure 2 shows left half of the human heart.

Figure 2

(a)On Figure 2,

( i) complete the right half of the heart and label the drawn parts.

(ii) draw an arrow to show the flow of blood.

( 3 marks )

(b)( i)Which chamber is contracting?

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(ii)Based on Figure 2, give two reasons to support the answer of (b)(i).

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

( 3 marks )

(c)( i)State the difference between chambers labeled Y and Z.

______________________________________________________________________

(ii)Explain the importance of the difference in (c)(i).

______________________________________________________________________

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( 2 marks )

(d) )( i)Do the contractions of the cardiac muscle need to be stimulated by nerve impulses?

______________________________________________________________________

(ii)Explain your answer in (d)(i).

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

( 2 marks )

3.Figure 3 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of Individuals P and Q during

the treatment to acquire immunity.

(a)Identify the type of immunisation given to each of them.

Individual P : __________________________________________________________

Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________

( 2 marks )

(b)State the difference of the antibody concentration in the blood between Individual P and

Q. Explain your answer.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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( 2 marks )

(c)State the advantages of the type of immunisation given to both individuals.

Individual P : __________________________________________________________

Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________

( 2 marks )

(d)Apart from the natural defences provided by the phagocytes and the lymphocytes,

antibiotics and vaccination are used to combat infectious diseases.

Explain what is meant by :

( i) antibiotic : _______________________________________________________

(ii) vaccines : ________________________________________________________

( 2 marks )

4. Table 2 shows the information of types of blood.

Type of blood

FunctionCarries oxygen and carbon dioxideDefense mechanismProduces antibodies :

- Lysine

- Agglutinin

- AntitoxinBlood clotting

Table 2

(a)( i)Cell Q engulfs the pathogen entering the body by phagocytosis. Complete the diagram

below to show the mechanism of phagocytosis occurred in cell Q.

(ii)Cell R destroys the pathogens entering the body by the action of antibodies. State one

of the mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy pathogens.

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( 1 mark )

(b)( i)Explain how cell P functioning in the transportation of respiration gases.

______________________________________________________________________

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( 3 marks)

(ii)Based on Table 2, state two structural differences between Cell P and Cell Q.

1. ___________________________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________________________

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( 2 marks )

(c)( i)Explain how Cell S functioning in the blood clotting.

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( 2 marks )

(ii)Write down two enzymic reactions in the mechanism of blood clotting.

1.

2.

( 2 marks )Q

C

P

S

E

Cell P

Cell Q

Cell R

Cell S

Pathogens