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![Page 1: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Miquel PratsSteve GarnerThe Design GroupThe Open UniversityUK
ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications22-24 March 2010Austin, Texas
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Iestyn JowersAlison McKaySchool of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsUK
Nieves PedreiraInformation and CommunicationsTechnologies University of A Coruña Spain
![Page 2: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Designing with Vision project
investigates the possibility of using eye-tracking technology as an interface for systems intended to support the creation, exploration, and development of shape alternatives in conceptual design.
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 3: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Designing with Vision project
is interested in exploring the possibilities of using eye-tracking technology as an interface for systems intended to support the creation, exploration, and development of design shape alternatives in conceptual design.
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 4: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 5: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 6: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Designing with Vision project seeks to:
– Understand how eye-tracking technology can be used to recognise different interpretations of shapes.
– Build a computational design system that supports fluid design reinterpretation and exploration.
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 7: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Computationalshape interpretation
The Designing with Vision project seeks to:
– Understand how eye-tracking technology can be used to recognise different interpretations of shapes.
– Build a computational design system that supports fluid design reinterpretation and exploration.
![Page 8: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Computationalshape interpretation: recognition
Gross (2001)Back of an Envelope
The program has been trained to recognise ‘interesting’ shapes
The program has not been trained to recognise these shapes
![Page 9: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Saund and Moran (1994)What You Perceive Is What You Get
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Computationalshape interpretation: selection
Gesture-based shape selection
![Page 10: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Computationalshape interpretation: generation
Jowers et al. (2008)Design Synthesis and Shape Generation
Based on the shape grammar formalism (Stiny and Gips 1972)
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Eye tracking andshape perception
Yarbus (1967)Eye movements and fixations are influenced by the viewer’s intent
![Page 12: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
– Analyse eye movement data with the objective to determine when a shape is recognised.
– Analyse eye movement data with the objective to determine which shape is selected.
Main Goals
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
z– Analyse eye movement data with the obj the moment when a shape is recognised..
Main Goals
We call it ‘Now moment’
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 1
Find the square Find the arrow
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 1
Find the square Find the arrow
![Page 16: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 1
![Page 17: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 2
Say which shapes each image is composed of
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 2
Extract of participants’ transcript
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 3
Find this shape in the following figures
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Our study
The experiment7 participants3 tasks
Task 3
![Page 21: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Main conclusions
Our results…
… support previous findings that indicate the relationship between saccade amplitude and fixation duration in visual fixations (Unema et al. 2005, Velichkovsky et al. 2005).
… show that fixation duration and saccade amplitude can be used as indicators of shape interpretation.
… support the hypothesis that eye movements could be used to select shapes in a natural and non intrusive way.
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Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Future work
– Evaluate the data by means of statistical analysis.
– Examine whether fixation duration and saccade amplitude are also indicators of shape recognition in ‘designerly’ tasks.
– Explore ways to determine which shapes are selected.
– Build a computational drawing system that uses eye movement data to recognise any shape interpreted in a design.
![Page 23: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
Future work
Experiments to determine which shape is interpreted
Development of Designing with Vision software
![Page 24: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 25: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 26: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 27: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
![Page 28: Interpretation of Geometric Shapes Miquel Prats Steve Garner The Design Group The Open University UK ETRA – Eye Tracking Research & Applications 22-24.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551ac385550346856e8b5924/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Project funded by:
Project partners:
Interpretation of Geometric Shapes
http://design.open.ac.uk/DV/