Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and...

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Interpersonal Communication

Transcript of Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and...

Page 1: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Page 2: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

From Latin “communicare”“To make common” “To share”

Involves the transfer and understanding of meaningMeaning must be created then interpreted correctlyModel of Communication

Sender, receiver, encoding, decoding, message, feedback, noise, channel, frame of reference, environment

Page 3: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Transactional processTransaction defined from Merriam-Webster:

a communicative action or activity involving two parties or things that reciprocally affect or influence each other

It is a process, an exchange

Page 4: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Oral CommunicationConversations, speeches, formal/informal group discussions, grapevineQuick transmission and quick feedbackIf receiver is uncertain, quick feedback can correct the misinterpretation immediatelyMessages get distorted—ex. the “Telephone Game”Technology has allowed us to “Skype” or communicate via web cam

Page 5: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Written CommunicationSlow feedbackTechnology has allowed us to branch this out for texting, instant messages/chatUse of emoticons is interesting because it allows us to indicate emotions such as humor, being sarcastic, sad, etc. because written lacks immediate feedback and nonverbal comm.More care is usually taken with written comm.Why manuscript speeches are used at timesTakes longer

Page 6: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

NonverbalEye contactVocalics (qualities of your voice)Body Movement and Gestures (Kinesics)Facial ExpressionsTouch (Haptics)Personal SpacePhysical AppearancePersonal Artifacts (object or physical feature of an environment)Smell

Page 7: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Albert Mehrabian concluded the following formula from his research

7% Verbal + 38% Vocal + 55% general body languageOf course this cannot be true: Does an email only convey 7%? Can you watch a person speaking in a foreign language and understand 93%?

The implicationsWhile the exact numbers may be challenged, the important points can easily be lost in the debate about how valid or not the study was.

Page 8: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Useful extensions to this understanding are:It's not just words: a lot of communication comes through nonverbal communication.Without seeing and hearing nonverbals, it is easier to misunderstand the words.When we are unsure about words and when we trust the other person less, we pay more attention to what we hear and see.

So what?Beware of words-only communication like email. It is very easy to misunderstand what is said, even if emoticons (smileys) are used.When you feel that a person is not telling the truth, check out the alignment between words, voice and body.

Source for Mehrabian Research: http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/body_language/mehrabian.htm

Page 9: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

FilteringManipulate info to make it appear more favorable to the receiver

Selective PerceptionReceivers see and hear info depending on our interests, backgrounds, experiences, and attitudesWe project ourselves onto how we decode messages

CulturePlays a huge role in how we encode and decode

Listening Survey

Page 10: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Use feedback—verbal and/or nonverbalSimplify and target language

Audience analysisOnly use jargon when others understand it

Use active listeningEye contact, facial expressions, don’t be distracting, ask questions, paraphrase, don’t interrupt (let the person finish their statement), transition smoothly between speaker/listener role

Page 11: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Restrain emotionCalm downTake time outAsk a neutral person for their input

Align verbal and nonverbal cues

“Ordinary People”—Pet cliphttp://movieclips.com/watch/ordinary-people-1980/we-never-had-a-pet/

“Ordinary People”—self-disclosurehttp://movieclips.com/watch/ordinary-people-1980/conrad-opens-up-to-jeannine/

Page 12: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication
Page 13: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

“Ordinary People”—therapyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpQT7Ded66U

“Ordinary People”—endinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeBP58DkB_8&NR=1

Page 14: Interpersonal Communication · Interpersonal Communication ... Involves the transfer and understanding of meaning Meaning must be created then interpreted correctly Model of Communication

Give feedback to be helpfulAssess the readiness of the receiverMake the feedback recentDescribe behaviors rather than evaluating them

Be descriptive and behavioralMake “I” statements

Don’t demand changeFocus on things the person can controlBe empathicConfirm understanding