Interoperability, why it is important

Interoperability, why it is important

Dr. Ghassem Koleyni

FORUM ON NEXT GENERATION STANDARDIZATION

(Colombo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009)

Colombo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009

Content

Business approach to products and standardization

Open standards Interworking and interoperability What makes networks not to

interoperate? Functional architectures and interfaces Concluding remark

Colmbo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009

2

Business approach to products and standardization


3

Standardization• Problem analysis• Requirement analysis• architecture

Implementation• Pilot project• Full product

Deployment

Business case study

Open standards (I)

Open standards are developed and maintained in a transparent way through participation and collaboration of many organizations, vendors and operators. Open standards consider:

User, business and technical requirementsMulti-service, multi-network and multi-vendor environmentsReuse or integration of existing open standards to the extent practicable


4

Open standards (II)

Implementation based on open standards is a major component to support the market

Having interoperable system makes sense and is a good marketing and business strategy


5

What is interoperability?


6

Recognizing that interoperability of international telecommunication networks was the main reason to create ITU in the year 1865 (International Telegraph Union), and that this remains one of the main goals in the ITU strategic plan;

ITU-T Resolution 76

Interworking and interoperability


7

Is interworking the same as interoperability?

No

Let’s see why

Interworking (I)


8

The term ''interworking'' is used to express interactions between networks, between end systems, or between parts thereof, with the aim of providing a functional entity capable of supporting an end-to-end communication. The interactions required to provide a functional entity rely on functions and on the means to select these functions. Source: ITU-T Rec. Y.1411

Note: In ITU-T Rec. I.741 term “Interconnection” is used which when examined is the same as interworking

Interworking (II)


9

Network Network AA

Inter-Inter-workinworkin

g g functiofunctio

nn

Network Network BB

Network Network CC

Inter-Inter-workinworkin

g g functiofunctio

nn

Interworking example


10

Y.1411_F02

Physical Physical Physical

ATM IWF MPLS

MPLS LSP

IWF

ATM

Physical

ATM

Physical Physical

IWF

ATM

ATMIWF

Link Layer

AAL

Upper Layers

VC/VP VC/VP

Link Layer Link Layer

Physical

ATM

AAL

Upper Layers

Physical

Link Layer

MPLSLSP

Stacks

MPLSLSP

Stacks

MPLSLSP

Stacks

MPLSLSP

Stacks


11

Interoperability

The ability of two or more systems or applications to exchange information and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged.Source: ITU-T Rec. Y.101

Network Network AA

Network Network BB


12


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What makes networks un-interoperable?

Lack of interoperability happens when two networks which are implemented based on the same standards (functionally equivalent) can’t talk to each other; or

When two networks (again functionally equivalent) which are to provide similar services are based on two different standards (e.g. one has been implemented based on a proprietary specification and another one based on a global standard


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What is the solution?


15

Compliance to global standards

Compliance to global standards

But

Does everyone comply?

Does everyone comply?

Simply no

NGN Generalized functional architecture


16Source: ITU-T Rec. Q.3030

Q.3030(08)_F 01 S co p e o f N G N

T-6 :In te r-

c o n n e c t io nb o rd e r

g a t e w ay F E

:

S -6 : S . a u th en ti ca t io na n d au th o r iz a tio n F E

S -8 : A c c e s s G Wc o n tr o l F E

N A C F R A C F

R G WC u s to m e rn e tw o rk

N G Nte rm in a l

L e g a cyte rm in a l

A N I

A p p l ic a tio n s

S -11 : U s e r s ig n a ll in gin te rw o rk in g F E

E n d -u s erF u n c tio n

S -3 : In te rro g a tin g c a ll s e s s io n c o n tro l F E

S -1 4 : M e d ia re s o u rc e b ro k e r F E

T-1 7 : T ra n s p o r tre s o u rc e c o n t ro l F E

A c c e s s p a c k e t t r a n s p o r t fu n c t io n s

T-5 :A c c e ssb o rd e r

g a t e w ayF E

S -1 : S erv in g c a ll s es s io n c o n t ro l F E

T-8 :M ed ia

re s o u rc ep ro c e s s in g

F E

T-1 2 : T . u s e rp ro f ile F E

T-4 : A c c es sre la y F E

S -2 : P ro x y c a ll s e s s io nc o n tr o l F E

S -4 : S u b s c r ip tio nlo c a to r F E

S -5 : S . u s e r p ro f ile F E

T-1 6 : P o lic y d ec i s io n F E

S -1 5 : G e n e ra l s e rv ic es c o n tro l F E

N G NU N I

O th e r N G N

R A C F

T-1 4 : A cc e s s m a n a g e m e n t F E

T-1 5 : H o m e g a te w a yC o n fig u ra t io n F E

T-1 1 :T. au th e n tic a tio n& a u th o r iz a t io n

F E

A p p li c a t io n s u p p o r t fu n c t io n s & s e rv ic e s u p p o rt fu n c t io n s(m a y in c lu d e o w n a u th en ti ca t io n , a u th o r iz a tio n a n d ac c o u n tin g )

IPm u ltim e d ia

n e tw o rk s

P S T N /IS D N

C o re tr a n s p o r t

A c c e s s tr a n s p o r t

S er v icec o n tro l

T-1 7 : T ra n s p o r t re s o u rc e c o n t ro l F E

T-1 6 : P o lic y d ec i s io n F E

T-3 : E d g e n o d e F E

S -7 : In te rc o n n e c t io n b o rd e r g a te w a y

c o n tr o l F E

S -1 3 : M e d ia re s o u r cec o n tr o l F E

S -9 : M ed iaG W c o n t ro l F E

T-9 :S ig n a ll in g

g a t e w ayF E

T-7 :T ru n k in g

m e d iag a t e w ay

F E

S -1 2 : N e tw o rk s ig n a ll in gin te rw o rk in g F E

S -1 0 : B re a k o u tg a t e w ay c o n tro l F E

T-1 : A c c es sm e d ia

g a t e w ay F E C o re p a c k e t tr a n s p o r t fu n c tio n s

L e g a cyte rm in a l

A p p l ic a t io n

T-2 : A c c es sn o d e F E

T-1 3 : T . l o c a tio nm a n a g e m en t F E

T-1 0 :N e tw o rk a c ce s s

c o n f ig u ra tio n F E

Man

agem

ent f

unct

ions


Content Delivery Functions

Content Delivery & Storage Functions

Service Control Functions

Application Functions

End-UserFunctions

IPTV Terminal Functions

Home Network Functions

Network Functions

Service User ProfileFunctional Block

Access NetworkFunctions

Delivery NetworkGateway

Functional Block

H1

Content Preparation Functions

S2

Edge Functions

S4S3

ApplicationClient Functions

IPTV Application Functions

A3

A2

H2

S1

H3

E6

C1

Content Distribution & Location Control Functions

Distribution Control Functional Block

Location Control Functional block

Multicast Delivery Functional Block

C2

E3

D1

T1 R1

Core TransportFunctions

Cache/Storage Functional Block

Distribution Functional Block

Content Delivery Control Functional Block

Resource Control Functional Block

Authentication &IP Allocation

Functional Block

Control Client Functional Block

Content Delivery Client Functions

Unicast Content Delivery Client

Functional Block

Multicast Content Delivery Client

Functional Block

E5-Cu

E5-Cm

Multicast Transport Functions

Unicast Transport Functions

Multicast Control Point Functional Block

Multicast Replication Functional Block

Mc

MdUd

Error Recovery Client

Functional Block

Error Recovery Functional Block

Unicast Delivery Functional Block

E4

SCP Functions

SCP Client Functions

Application Profile Functional BlockM1

A6

E2

C3

IPTV Service Control Functional

Block S5

SADS Client Functional Block

SADS Functional Block

IPTV Application Functional Block

IPTV Application Client

Functional Block

E0

E1

A1

A5A4

Content Processing Functional Block

Reference points in IPTV functional architecture

Source: ITU-T Draft Rec. Q.IPTVSA

Functional architectures and interfaces

Both NGN and IPTV functional architectures clearly identify open interfaces and specify signalling protocols which pass through them

To be interoperable means all devices built based on the same standard have the same behaviour at the same reference point


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ITU-T has produced Recommendations which provide signalling and control

procedures for protocols passing through open interfaces

ITU and interoperability

ITU-T resolution 76 indicates:ITU-T study groups develop the necessary conformance testing Recommendations for telecommunication equipment as soon as possible;ITU-T Recommendations to address interoperability testing shall be progressed as quickly as possible; andAssist developing countries in establishing regional or sub-regional conformity and interoperability centres suitable to perform conformity and interoperability testing as appropriate.


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Interoperability, standards and conformance (I)

Open standards are designed based on common agreement; however, they don’t guarantee interoperability

Verification, conformance and compliance testing should be an integral part of standardization process

Regulatory bodies should encourage and make sure that deployed devices are interoperable


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Interoperability, standards and conformance (II)

Reference points and protocols going through them are the most important players for interoperability

Test suites should be provided to verify conformance

Certified organizations to perform conformance testing are needed

Would be ideal to have these organizations in different regions


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Conclusion

In general, implementations based on global standards should be interoperable

But this may not be true unless tested and certified by reputable organizations

When procuring NGN or IPTV devices, care should be taken to assure interoperability

i.e. products are implemented based on an open standard and backed up by certification from a reputable organization


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Conclusion (II)

ITU-T considers support of interoperable devices a major component of its activities ITU-T reuses open and global standards

Increases chance of interoperabilityMay reduce implementation cost


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Procuring devices compliant to global standards will help ensure

interoperability

Procuring devices compliant to global standards will help ensure

interoperability

List of Acronyms

Colombo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009 24

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode IWF Interworking Function IPTV Internet Protocol Television LSP Label Switched Path MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching NGN Next Generation Network QoS Quality of Service Rec. Recommendation RFID Radio Frequency IDentification USN Ubiquitous Sensor Network VC Virtual Channel VP Virtual Path


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Thank you for your attention

Dr. Ghassem KoleyniEmail:[email protected] Tel: +1 613 592 5344

mailto:[email protected]

BACKUP SLIDES

Colmbo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009 26

ITU-T actions for support of interoperability

Creation of one working party in SG 11 for test specifications

Q.8/11: Protocol Test Specifications for NGN Q.9/11: Monitoring parameters for NGN protocols Q.10/11: Service test specification for NGNQ.11/11: QoS tests specification for NGN Q.12/11: USN and RFID test specification

Colombo, Sri Lanka, 7-10 April 2009 27

Interoperability, why it is important

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