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EFEPLE 2011
Interoperability Requirements for a Sustainable Component to Support
Management and Sharing of Digital ResourcesX X XMartin Memmel
Knowledge Management GroupDFKI GmbH
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EFEPLE 2011
Martin MemmelKnowledge Management Group
DFKI [email protected]
How we've built an open, generic and adaptable resource sharing environment
that survived(implications for PLEs: up to you!)
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documents(pdf, odt, odp, sxw, doc, ppt, …)
web pages
videos(avi, mpeg, mov, …)
images (bmp, gif, jpg, png, tif, …)
audio(aac, mp3, …)
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Key problems
● Heterogeneous tools for specific resource types● Limited possibilites to integrate with other tools● Only basic means to organise contributions● Not instantiable● No means to adapt to specific scenarios● Support for (future) scenarios within PLEs?
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How to ensure sustainability?
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A comprehensive approach is needed
● Contribute arbitrary resources● Manage arbitrary resources● Share arbitrary resources● Exchange of information!● Adaptable for different scenarios!
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Interoperability
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Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged.
[IEEE, 1991]
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Where to consider interoperability?
● Selection of supported application scenarios● Resource types to be supported● Metadata to be used● Interfaces offered to users and other systems
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Supported Application Scenarios
[http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/glycomics/report/Report2006.html]
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Resources
documents(pdf, odt, odp, sxw, doc, ppt, …)
web pages
videos(avi, mpeg, mov, …)
images (bmp, gif, jpg, png, tif, …)
audio(aac, mp3, …)
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Incorporation of resources
● Contribution of new / not yet accessible resources ● Integration of existing resources
– Maintenance issues– Memory requirements– Legal concerns
→ Repository and Refactory!
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Metadata
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‘Die Bedeutung eines Wortes ist sein Gebrauch in der Sprache’(‘The meaning of a word is its use in the language’)
Transferred into the world of (digital) resources:
‘The meaning of a resource is its use in the community’
Wittgenstein
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Subjectivity and diversity
● No one-size-fits-all solutions● Scenario-dependent metadata generation● Human generated metadata● Incorporation of potentially any kind of metadata
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Metadata interoperability
● Using standards● Extensibility● Modularity● Refinements● Multilingualism● Machine-processability
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Interfaces
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Interfaces – Access by systems
● Low technical barriers for system usage– Technical environments– Minimal installation efforts
● Low conceptual barriers for system usage● Access to potentially any data and functionalities
– Complex functionalities, mash-ups
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User interfaces
● Offering access to data / functionalities in usual contexts and applications
– Services, Widgets, …● Multilinguality● Adaptability
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Sample infrastructure: ALOE...how did it change and survive?
http://aloe-project.de
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What is ALOE?
ALOE is a generic infrastructure that allows ● supporting access to digital resources by means of
social media technologies● integrating social media technologies also in
existing, especially traditional environments with no or only few interaction possibilities
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Information Exchange,Interfaces
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Web Service API
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Alternative: ALOE-XML
<resource>
<visibility>public</visibility>
<title>Skyscrapers of glass and the curtain wall</title>
<license></license>
<description>Skyscrapers of glass and the curtain wall</description>
<uri>http://winds-app.fit.fraunhofer.de/cgi-bin/WebObjects/windsoai.woa/wa/showContent?id=11647.lo</uri>
<tags>skyscrapers curtain_wall Mies_van_der_Rohe winds mace </tags>
<sharetogroups>
<group>tmp</group>
</sharetogroups>
</resource>
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Feeds
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Information Mails
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OAI Target
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Bookmark Export
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CAM Feedlet
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Embedded Metadata
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Widgets
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Mobile Frontend
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Basic Metadata [1]
Individual Metadata [1..∞]
Classification [0..∞]
Associated Metadata [0..∞]
Collection [0..∞]
Group [0..∞]
Usage Metadata [1]
Rating [0..∞]
Comment [0..∞]
Tag [0..∞]
ALOE Resource Metadata
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Components, System Architecture
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ALOE – Used Technologies
● Implemented in Java (1.5), deployed in the Apache Tomcat (6.0) servlet container
● GUI: Realized with JSP using J2EE Design Patterns● Web Service Interface: Functionalities are
accessible via a SOAP/REST API realized with Apache Axis2
● Storage of resources and metadata in a MySQL data base (5.0)
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Evolvability, Adaptability
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Evolvability for artifacts is the capacity of the systems, organizations and networks producing them to give rise to adaptive variants that flexibly meet changing requirements over the course of long-term change.
[Nehaniv et al., 2006]
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Requirements? Environments?
● What's the ecosystem?● What does surviving mean?
– Active users, developers● In which way are resources finite?
– Developers, time, infrastructure
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Conclusions
● Realise a concrete solution – but always try to be as generic as possible
● Try to be independent● Be open, don't build another silo● Think carefully about what is your core, and what are your
branch-specific adaptations● Build tools for setup and deployment● Take your time for refactoring● Don't trust your memory, write down stuff
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ALOE: http://aloe-project.deMACE: http://www.mace-project.eu
RADAR: http://www.dfki.de/radar
mailto: [email protected]
Thanks for listening!