Interoperability,International Standards,

& ISO TC 211David Danko

ddanko@esri.com

Interoperability ...

• the ability to find information and processing tools, when they are needed, no matter where they are physically located

• the ability to understand and employ the discovered information and tools, no matter what platform supports them, whether local or remote

• the ability to participate in a healthy marketplace, where goods and services are responsive to the needs of consumers

As defined by ISO TC 211As defined by ISO TC 211

The Need for Interoperability• Geographic analysis

– Multiple sources, multiple organizations– Distributed within a community– GIS is unique in merging diverse information

• Enterprise GIS– GIS evolving beyond isolated communities– GIS merging with broader IT infrastructures

• Web Services– Enabled by distributed networks

• E-Government– Within government (G2G)– Between citizens and government (G2C)– Between business and government (B2G)

• Spatial Data Infrastructures

Interoperability Enablers

• Infrastructure• Metadata• Authorization• Business

Agreements/MOUs• Copyright• Pricing/commerce/

Business Model

• Compatible Technology• Security• Privacy • Information Assurance • Certification• Quality• Standards

Standards

• Documented agreements:– Technical specifications or precise criteria– Rules, guidelines, definitions of characteristics

• Ensuring materials, products, processes and services are fit for purpose

– Reference documents used in public contracts or international trade

• Indisputable reference clarifying the contractual relations between economic partners

• Promote competition, commerce and free trade

As defined by ISOAs defined by ISOhttp://www.iso.chhttp://www.iso.ch

Standards & Specifications

• Make things work – affect every aspect of life

• Widespread use of Standards – Make things work around the world

– Increase efficiency - globally

– Enable global interoperability

International Organization for Standardization

• ISO from Greek ISOS meaning “equal”• Founded in 1947• 146 member nations

– 1 member per country (represented through national standards organization – ANSI, DIN, SABS, etc)

– 13700 standards, 3000 technical bodies, 30000 experts

• NGO – unlike UN– Delegates not national governments– May be mandated by government– Roots in private sector and industry associations

• Able to bridge the gap– Consensus solutions meeting requirements of business and broader needs of

society

Benefits of ISO Standards (1)

• Business– Wide acceptance of products and services– Free to compete in broader market

• Government– Provides technical and scientific underpinnings

for health, safety, environmental legislation

• Consumers– Conformance of products and services provide

assurance about quality, safety, & reliability

Benefits of ISO Standards (2)

• Trade– Remove technical trade barriers– Support political trade agreements

• Planet– Standards for air, water, soil, emissions

contribute toward environment

• Everyone– Contribute to quality of life ensuring transport,

machinery and tools are safe

Hallmark of ISO Brand

• Equal footing– Every ISO member institution has right to take part– 1 nation –1 vote regardless of size or economic strength

• Voluntary– ISO has no legal authority– Adopted by nations – health, safety, etc

• Market driven– Developed by experts from industry, technical, business,

government, academic

• Consensus – Ensures widespread applicability– Remain current

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Computer graphics and image processing

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data Management and Interchange

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35 User interfaces

• ISO/TC 20 /SC 13 Space data and information transfer systems

• ISO/TC 23/SC 19 Agricultural electronics

• ISO/TC 46/WG 2 - Coding of country names and related entities

• ISO/TC 82 Mining

• ISO/TC 130 Graphic Technology

• ISO/TC 204 Transport Information and Control Systems (WG3 GDF)

• ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics

ISO Committees andthe Geographic Community

ISO/TC 211Geographic Information/Geomatics

… building the foundation of the geospatial infrastructure, brick by brick ...

Scope of ISO/TC 211• Standardization in the field of digital geographic information.• This work aims to establish a structured set of standards for

information concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.

• These standards may specify, for geographic information, methods, tools and services for data management (including definition and description), acquiring, processing, analyzing, accessing, presenting and transferring such data in digital/electronic form between different users, systems and locations.

• This work shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.

Who Are We ? ...Member ListActive Members (P-members), 29 Countries

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

China

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Finland

Germany

Hungary

Italy

Japan

Republic of Korea

Malaysia

Morocco

New Zealand

Norway

Portugal

Russian Federation

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Thailand

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States of America

Yugoslavia

Member ListObserving Members 27 (20 O-members, 4

Corresponding Members)

Argentina

Bahrain (corr.)

Brunei Darussalam (corr.)

Colombia

Cuba

Estonia (corr.)

France

Greece

Hong Kong (corr.)

Iceland

India

Isl. Rep. of Iran

Ireland

Jamaica

Kenya

Mauritius

Netherlands

Oman

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Slovakia

Slovenia

Tanzania

Ukraine

Uruguay

Zimbabwe

External Liaisons, 1 of 2

• CEOS, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites• DGIWG, Digital Geographic Information Working Group• EPSG, European Petroleum Survey Group• FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations• FIG, International Federation of Surveyors• GSDI, Global Spatial Data Infrastructure• IAG, International Association of Geodesy• ICA, International Cartographic Association• ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization• IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society• IHB, International Hydrographic Bureau • ISCGM, International Steering Committee for Global Mapping• ISPRS, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

External Liaisons, 2 of 2

• JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Commission • OGC, Open GIS Consortium, Incorporated• PCGIAP, The Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific• PC IDEA, Permanent Committee on Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Americas• SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research UN Economic Commission for

Europe, Statistical Division• UNGIWG, United Nations Geographic Information Working Group• WMO, World Meteorological Organization• UNGEGN, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names• CEN/TC 287, Geographic information

ChairmanChairmanOlaf ØstensenOlaf Østensen

SecretarySecretaryBjørnhild SæterøyBjørnhild Sæterøy

NorwayNorway

AG WSIAG WSI AG StrategyAG Strategy

WG WG 6 6 Douglas O’BrienDouglas O’Brien

CanadaCanada

WG WG 77Antony CooperAntony Cooper

South AfricaSouth Africa

WG WG 88John RowleyJohn Rowley

UKUK

WG WG 9 9 Hiroshi ImaiHiroshi Imai

JapanJapan

WG WG 44Morten BorrebækMorten Borrebæk

NorwayNorway

ISO/TC 211 Organization

Geospatial services

Imagery Informationcommunities

Locationbased

services

Informationmanagement

AG OutreachAG Outreach

MHTMHTTMGTMG

TF 211/204TF 211/204

ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations

ISO 19101 - Reference model ISO 19102 – Overview - deleted ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19107 - Spatial schema ISO 19108 - Temporal schema ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic

identifiers ISO 19113 - Quality principles ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115 - Metadata ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19117 – Portrayal ISO 19118 - Encoding ISO 19119 - Services ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards + new rev ISO/TR 19121 Imagery and gridded data ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification

of personnel ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and

functions

ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components

ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-3 ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data Dictionary ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data

framework ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery

and gridded data ISO 19131 - Data product specification ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services

for routing and navigation ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of

geographic information items ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML) ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and

of similar important other schemas ISO 19138 - Data Quality Measures ISO 19139 - Metadata - Implementation Specification ISO 19140 - Technical amendment to the ISO 191**

Geographic information series of standards for harmonization and enhancements

Organization

Content (data)

Access, technology

Education

Standards

ISO TC 211 Program of Work

• Framework/standards infrastructure– basic architecture

• ISO 19101– service architecture

• ISO 19119

• Locate, understand– Metadata

• ISO 19113, 14, 15

• Basic structure– Spatial, temporal schemas, CRS definition

• ISO 19107-9, 11

• Access– Simple feature access, ISO 19125

• Data content descriptions– ISO 19103, 19109, 19110, etc

The Foundation

Completed StandardsThe Building Blocks

• ISO 19101:2002 - Reference model • ISO 19105:2000- Conformance and testing • ISO 19107:2003 - Spatial schema• ISO 19108:2003 - Temporal schema• ISO 19111:2003 - Spatial referencing by coordinates• ISO 19113:2002 - Quality principles • ISO 19114:2003 - Quality evaluation procedures• ISO 19115:2003 - Metadata • And several technical reports

Draft International Standards

ISO 19104 - TerminologyISO 19106 - ProfilesISO 19109 - Rules for application schemaISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodologyISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic

identifiersISO 19116 - Positioning servicesISO 19117 - PortrayalISO 19118 - EncodingISO 19119 - ServicesISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-2

The Challenge for ISO/TC 211...

... to retain a strong foothold in infrastructure ... to retain a strong foothold in infrastructure requirements, while being flexible in responding to requirements, while being flexible in responding to emerging needs ...emerging needs ...

infrastructurerequirements

location basedservices

eGovernmenteCommerce ....

GSDIinformationcommunities ....

enterprise systems

Geographic Information Standards

• ISO 19100 suite of ISO 19100 suite of standardsstandards– MaturingMaturing

– Providing the basicsProviding the basics

– Adopted by nationsAdopted by nations

– Implementation by Implementation by industryindustry

• ISO TC 211ISO TC 211– Organizing for the Organizing for the

futurefuture

– Addressing broader Addressing broader community issuescommunity issues

– Maintaining Maintaining leadership roleleadership role