Internship Report Warda Khawar

8/8/2019 Internship Report Warda Khawar

1/72

18

I`x{~ mi dcc @ dkgomqcenae Dccdf Dclàf~p qfm fd{ hce{{en le q`~f ~fe gomqcenae don

kmuxdae ~m kmlzce~e ~f`{ ò~exo{f`z/ @ dl axd~eiuc ~m Dccdf imx dcc ~fe xe{zek~ don

dzzxek`d~`mo @ fdn heeo dhce ~m edxo ixml ~fe {~dii myex ~fexe/

Di~ex ~fd~ @ qmucn dkgomqcenae lp zdxeo~{ qfm fdye zxmy`nen le q`~f eyexp

mzzmx~uo`~p ~m cedxo don imx a`yòa le do eoy`xmoleo~ ~fd~ `{ y`~dc don fecziuc ò

cedxoòa/ Qfd~eyex @ fdye dkfèyen ò lp cìe `{ hekdu{e mi ~fel/

Oev~# @ qmucn ^fdog Lx/ Idfleen @nxee{ imx au`nòa le ~fxmuafmu~ lp ò~exo{f`z don

dcqdp{ xe{zmonòa lp tuexè{/ F`{ d{{`{~doke qd{ dcqdp{ ~fexe qfeoeyex @ oeenen `~/

Di~ex ~fd~ @ dl hmuon ~m evzxe{{ ~fdog{ ~m ~fe {~dii d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp imx

feczòa le ò cedxoòa fmq ~m nm ~fòa{ ò ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/

Zdx~`kucdxcp# @ dl axd~eiuc ~m Lx/ Odneel G`pdo` don L{/ Dlod Odbdl imx zxmy`nòa le

q`~f mo {zm~ au`ndoke# xeldxgdhce {uaae{~`mo{# kmo{~do~ eokmuxdaeleo~# don

kmo{~xuk~`ye kx`~`k`{l/ ^fe{e ~qm leo~mx{ fdye d yexp ixèoncp kmlluo`kd~`mo {~pce

qf`kf ldne cedxoòa ~fòa{ eyeo lmxe iuo don ed{èx imx le/

@o ~fe eon @ qmucn c`ge ~m ~fdog F[D imx a`yòa le d kfdoke ~m zdx~ mi `~ don adò ~fe

evzexèoke ~fd~ q`cc fecz le ò lp zxmie{{`modc kdxeex ~fxmuafmu~ lp cìe/

KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don êkfomcmap# Cdfmxe


2/72

18

^fe zuxzm{e mi ~f`{ ò~exo{f`z xezmx~ `{ ~m {fdxe ~fe zxmke{{ mi cedxoòa don

evzexèoke @ fdye uonexqeo~ nuxòa ~fe kmux{e mi lp ò~exo{f`z d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{

Dkdnelp/

^fe hd{`k xed{mo hefòn {ecek~òa ~f`{ mxado`rd~`mo qd{ ~m axd{z do `ned mi fmq do

du~momlmu{ hmnp qmxgòa uonex ~fe Lò`{~xp mi Fedc~f qmxg{ don fmq lukf `~ nìiex{

ixml ~fe amyexoleo~dc mxado`rd~`mo{/

^f`{ xezmx~ `{ dc{m d xetu`xeleo~ mi ~fe Kml{d~{ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don

êkfomcmap mo ~fe kmlzce~`mo mi ~fe ldond~mxp ò~exo{f`z/ ^fe ò~exoee `{ xetu`xen ~m

{fdxe nìiexeo~ ~fòa{ dhmu~ ~fe mxado`rd~`mo# f`{ evzexèoke# cedoòa{# kmokcu{`mo{

don xekmlleond~`mo{/



3/72

18

Eveku~`ye {ulldxp5

@o{~`~u~`modc f`{~mxp/9L`{{`mo don Y`{`mo//1Amdc{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp1Mhbek~`ye{//1@o~xmnuk~`moF[D eoy`xmoleo~/6Nmomx{ mi F[D/6Daxeeleo~{ {àoen//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////0Kmccdhmxd~`mo{///0Dkfèyeleo~{/4:Idk`c`~è{44

Ixml Fuldo Xe{muxke Zex{zek~`yeXekxu`~leo~//44^xdòòa/48^xdòòa Oeen{ Dodcp{`{///48Elzcmpee Neyecmzleo~48Kmlzeo{d~`mo ldodaeleo~4;[dcdxp4;M~fex heoei`~{//4;Zeximxldoke ldodaeleo~///4>Ixml Iòdoke Zex{zek~`ye//45Nezdx~leo~{ mi F[DDnlò`{~xd~`mo40Iòdoke///8:[~uneo~ Diid`x{///8;@oimxld~`mo êkfomcmap///;4Dkdnel`k;;

M~fex Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx85N`xek~mx Mii`ke///81Zxmbek~ Ldodaeleo~80

Ixml ldxge~òa Zex{zek~`yeLdxge~òa l`v mi F[DZxmnuk~;5Zx`ke/;1Zcdke;6Zxmlm~`mo>:Kmlze~`~`ye [~xd~eap//>4Hu{òe{{ Zxmke{{ Dodcp{`{///>8



4/72

18

[QM^ dodcp{`{[~xeoa~f{//>>Qedgoe{{e{>5Mzzmx~uo`~è{>9^fxed~{//>1

Cedxoòa d{ d {~uneo~ ò~exoNu~è{>6Dkkmlzc`{fleo~{5>Oeq gomqcenae dktu`xen//59

Zxmhcel eokmuo~exen/50Fmq evzexèoke `lzdk~{ lp kdxeex9:Kmokcu{`mo{9;Xekmlleond~`mo{/95Mxadomaxdl mi F[D/91H`hc`maxdzfp96



5/72

18

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ do du~momlmu{ ~edkfòa ò{~`~u~`mo uonex ~fe Lò`{~xp mi

Fedc~f# dk~`ye ò ~edkfòa don xe{edxkf ò ~fe iècn mi zuhc`k fedc~f/ @~{ ldò elzfd{`{

don `lze~u{ `{ mo dnnxe{{òa ~fe zuhc`k fedc~f oeen{ mi ~fe kmuo~xp/ @~ `{ {~x`yòa ~m

dkfèye ~fe dkdnel`k evkecceoke ò zuhc`k fedc~f don xe{edxkf/ Moe mi ~fe ldò

mhbek~`ye{ mi ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ ~m zxmnuke kmlze~eo~# kmll`~~en don

{g`ccen zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{ qfm kdo d{{`{~ ò ~xdo{cd~`mo mi dktu`xen gomqcenae

ò~m {muon ey`neoke hd{en zmc`kè{ don zxdk~`ke{/Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp qd{ e{~dhc`{fen ò 4066 d{ do ò,{exy`ke ~xdòòa ò{~`~u~e

imx zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{ uonex ~fe Ienexdc Lò`{~xp mi Fedc~f/ @o 8:::# F[D

dkfèyen ~fe {~d~u{ mi do du~momlmu{ ò{~`~u~`mo di~ex ~fe zxmlucad~`mo mi Fedc~f

[exy`ke{ Dkdnelp du~momlp Mxnòdoke/ F[D miiex{ ~fe imccmqòa Zm{~ Axdnud~e

Dkdnel`k Zxmaxdl{ ~m zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{2

Ld{~ex{ mi [kèoke Zuhc`k Fedc~f , 8 pedx{ zxmaxdl , L[ZF

Ld{~ex{ mi [kèoke Zuhc`k Fedc~f , ; pedx{ zxmaxdl Ev L[ZF

Zm{~ axdnud~e n`zcmld ò Len`kdc don Eo~mlmcmap don N`{ed{e Yek~mx Kmo~xmc/

ZAN,LEN YK

/ Ld{~ex mi [kèoke ò Iècn Ez`nel`mcmap

Ld{~ex{ mi [kèoke Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~ L[FEL

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ ò zxmke{{ mi ae~~òa ò~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{

ò~exod~ modc uo`yex{`~è{ imx evkfdoae mi gomqcenae# evzex~`{e# idkuc~p# {~uneo~{#

idk`c`~è{ don d{{`{~doke ò neyecmzleo~ mi kuxx`kucul imx cduokfòa imx oeq zxmaxdl{/

^m nd~e F[D fdye {ukke{{iuccp {àoen daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{ uo`yex{`~è{/

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ dc{m ò zxmke{{ mi ae~~òa ò~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{

Amyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo{ don Omo Amyexoleo~ Mxado`rd~`mo{ &OAM{) d~ od~`modc

don ò~exod~`modc ceyec imx neyecmzòa kmccdhmxd~`mo{ don {eegòa d{{`{~doke ò ~fe iècn



6/72

18

mi Xe{edxkf Neyecmzleo~# N`{{elòd~`mo mi Gomqcenae# [~uneo~ [uzzmx~ don

Kdzdk`~p Hu`cnòa mi zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp qd{ e{~dhc`{fen ò 4066 d{ d nezdx~leo~ mi ~fe Lò`{~xp mi

Fedc~f# Amyexoleo~ mi Zdg`{~do# don zxmy`nen {fmx~ kmux{e{ don ~xdòòa imx zuhc`k

fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/ [òke `~{ fulhce heaòoòa{ d{ d ~xdòòa ò{~`~u~e# ~fe Dkdnelp

fd{ axmqo {~edn`cp don fd{ e{~dhc`{fen `~{eci d{ ~fe zxelèx ò{~`~u~e mi zuhc`k fedc~f ò

Zdg`{~do# cmmgòa ~m zxmy`ne lmxe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{ ò ~fe oedx iu~uxe# d{ qecc d{

zxmy`nòa do eoy`xmoleo~ ~fd~ imku{e{ mo evkecceoke ò dkdnel`k{# xe{edxkf# don

zmc`kp,ldgòa/

Q`~f d{{`{~doke ixml ~fe Aexldo êkfo`kdc Kmmzexd~`mo &A^R)# F[D heado ~m miiex d

Ld{~ex!{ ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f &LZF) neaxee ò 4005# don ~fe i`x{~ hd~kf mi {~uneo~{

axdnud~en ò 4009/ ^fe ò`~`dc kuxx`kucul qd{ ne{àoen hp Nx/ Dxoixèn D/ Gècldoo

don Nx/ [dleeo [`nn`t`/ Nuxòa ~fe zd{~ ~eo pedx{# eàf~ kmfmx~{ mi dculo` fdye

axdnud~en ixml ~fe ò{~`~u~`mo q`~f d Ld{~ex!{ ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f &LZF)# don ~fe{e

dculo` dxe omq eoadaen ò d q`ne xdoae mi evk`~òa eonedymx{ dkxm{{ Zdg`{~do ò hm~f

~fe zuhc`k don zx`yd~e {ek~mx/ ^fe Dkdnelp xeldò{ ~fe lm{~ dzzcèn ~m {kfmmc mizuhc`k fedc~f ò Zdg`{~do# don `{ e{~dhc`{fen don qecc mo `~{ qdp ~m dkfèyòa `~{

ò{~`~u~`modc mhbek~`ye{/

[òke dcc cednòa dkdnel`k don xe{edxkf mxado`rd~`mo{ xetu`xe du~momlmu{ {~d~u{ ò

mxnex ~m kxed~e do eoy`xmoleo~ mi dkdnel`k evkecceoke# ~fe Lò`{~xp mi Fedc~f

zxmlucad~en do mxnòdoke eo~`~ce Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp Mxnòdoke# 8::8# zu~ ò~m

zcdke ò Omyelhex# 8::8/ Imccmqòa ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~f`{ mxnòdoke ixml Bucp 4#

8::;# ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{ fd{ heeo {uzexy`{òa ~fe myexdcc diid`x{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp/

Xekeo~cp# F[D fd{ lmyen ~m d oeq kdlzu{ ò Kfdg [fdfrdn# xey`{en `~{ LZF

zxmaxdlle ~m d ~qm,pedx L[ZF zxmaxdlle# don `{ ò ~fe zxmke{{ mi myexfducòa dcc

`~{ @^ òixd{~xuk~uxe# `~{ c`hxdxp# don `~{ dkdnel`k xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo{/ Uonex ~fe oeq

http://www.hsa.edu.pk/aboutus/news/2006/mar-newbuild.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/academics/msph.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/aboutus/news/2006/mar-newbuild.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/academics/msph.html


7/72

18

cednex{f`z mi Nx/ D{{dn Fdieer# N`xek~mx F[D# don Nx/ Zduc Xuekgex~# Zxòk`zce

Dny`{mx ~m F[D# A^R# `~ `{ fmzen ~fd~ F[D q`cc zxmnuke qecc,~xdòen don kmlze~eo~

zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{# don ~fu{ `lzxmye fedc~f kdxe nec`yexp ò Zdg`{~do/

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp zx`ne{ `~{eci mo `~{ ò{`{~eoke mo fàf {~dondxn{ imx xe{edxkf#

dkdnel`k{# don zmc`kp,ldgòa/ ^fe imccmqòa {~d~eleo~{ mu~còe ~fe l`{{`mo don y`{`mo

mi ~fe ò{~`~u~`mo/

L`{{`mo [~d~eleo~

D{ do ò{~`~u~`mo mi fàfex cedxoòa# ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp zxmy`ne{ ~edkfòa#

xe{edxkf# don {exy`ke zxmaxdlle{ ~fd~ zxezdxe {~uneo~{ ~m dnnxe{{ ~fe zuhc`k fedc~f

oeen{ mi Zdg`{~do don ~fe {uxxmuonòa xea`mo ò d {e~~òa ~fd~ ydcue{ don neyecmz{

dkdnel`k evkecceoke ò ~edkfòa don xe{edxkf# dkdnel`k ixeenml# cednex{f`z don

{exy`ke ~m {mkè~p/

Y`{`mo [~d~eleo~

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp d{z`xe{ ~m hekmle d xea`modc dkdnel`k keo~xe mi evkecceoke

ò zuhc`k fedc~f ~xdòòa# zmc`kp imxlucd~`mo don Moamòa Xe{edxkf ~fd~ `{ od~`modccp

don ò~exod~`modccp dkkxen`~en/

Amdc mi ~fe Dkdnelp

^fe amdc mi ~fe Dkdnelp `{ ~m `lzxmye ~fe fedc~f mi ~fe zmzucd~`mo mi Zdg`{~do don `~{

{uxxmuonòa xea`mo hp eofdokòa fuldo xe{muxke neyecmzleo~ don kmo~x`hu~`mo ~m

ey`neoke,hd{en zmc`kè{ don zxdk~`ke{/

@o{~`~u~`modc Mhbek~`ye{

^fe mhbek~`ye{ mi ~fe ò{~`~u~`mo dxe ~m2



8/72

18

Zxmnuke kmlze~eo~# kmll`~~en don {g`ccen zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/

N`{kmyex don n`{{elòd~e oeq gomqcenae ò ~fe iècn mi zuhc`k fedc~f/

D{{`{~ ò ~fe ~xdo{cd~`mo mi ~fe gomqcenae ò~m {muon ey`neoke,hd{en zmc`kè{ don

zxdk~`ke{/

^fe{e mhbek~`ye{ q`cc he xedc`ren hp dnfexòa ~m ò{~`~u~`modc ydcue{# {ukf d{ d lex`~,

hd{en {p{~el# ~xdo{zdxeokp# don tudc`~p# ~m he `lzceleo~en ~fxmuaf d

luc~`n`{k`zcòdxp ~edl# oe~qmxgòa don d {u{~dòdhce ò{~`~u~`modc òixd{~xuk~uxe/

F[D Eoy`xmoleo~

F[D fd{ d yexp ammn qmxgòa eoy`xmoleo~/ @ fdn d yexp ammn cedxoòa evzexèoke

qf`kf q cc he mi eomxlmu{ fecz ~m le ò ~fe iu~uxe/ ^fe {~dii ~fexe qd{ yexp

evzexèoken don cedxoen/ ^fep qexe dcc yexp fecziuc don ixèoncp qf`kf ldne ~fe

eoy`xmoleo~ dndz~`ye don lmxe zced{do~ imx le/ Qfeo @ qd{ d{{àoen ~fe ~d{g{# @

qd{ d{gen ~m dkkmlzc`{f ~fel ~fe qdp @ ~fòg/ ^f`{ adye le d cm~ mi kmoi`neoke ò

lp{eci don lp nek`{`mo dh`c`~è{/ Eyexp lmleo~ ~fexe `{ d lmleo~ mi cedxoòa ixml

m~fex{ evzexèoke{ don gomqcenae/ Dopmoe q`~f ~fe ne{`xe ~m qmxg don cedxo q`cc iònF[D ~fe`x gòn mi qmxgòa zcdke/ ^fexe `{ d xe{zek~ imx n`yex{`~p ò ~fe qmxg

eoy`xmoleo~/ ^fe elzcmpee{ qfm hecmoa ~m dop lòmx`~p axmuz mx m~fex kuc~uxe{ dxe

xe{zek~en ò ~fe {dle qdp d{ m~fex{ don nm om~ ieec ~fd~ ~fep nm om~ hecmoa ~m ~fe

ldbmx`~p/ @ lp{eci am~ ~fe kfdoke ~m qmxg don kmlluo`kd~e q`~f ~fe zemzce mi nìiexeo~

xecà`mo{ don kuc~uxe don `~ qd{ d yexp ammn evzexèoke imx le/

Nmomx{ mi F[D

C`{~ mi OAM{-Nmomx{2

U[D@N

UOIZD



9/72

18

A^R

[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo &UG)

ZD@LDO

Fuldo Neyecmzleo~ Xe{edxkf Imuond~`mo FNXI

Daxeeleo~{ [àoen2

F[D fd{ {àoen `~{ daxeeleo~{ q`~f ~fe imccmqòa imx ydx`mu{ zuxzm{e{2

Uo`yex{`~p mi Bmfo Fmzgò{ &@o~exod~`modc)

Uo`yex{`~p mi C`yex Zmmc/ &@o~exod~`modc)

Tueeo Ldxadxe~~e# Uo`yex{`~p# UG &@o~exod~`modc)

Od~`modc Uo`yex{`~p mi [kèoke don êkfomcmap &Od~`modc)

Kmccdhmxd~`mo{2

F[Dkmccdhmxd~e{ q`~f ldop nìiexeo~ ò{~`~u~`mo{ imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi ~xdòòa# evkfdoae

mi idkuc~p# kdzdk`~p hu`cnòa# evkfdoae mi {~uneo~{# xe{edxkf don m~fex {ukf ~fòa{/

Ldkgld{~ex Uo`yex{`~p# Kdodnd &@o~exod~`modc)

Cmonmo [kfmmc mi Fpaèoe don

^xmz`kdc Len`kòe{ &@o~exod~`modc)

Tud`n,`,Drdl# Uo`yex{`~p &Od~`modc)

Kml{d~{# @{cdldhdn &Od~`modc)



10/72

18

Kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f Amyexoleo~dc don Omoamyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo

Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ ò zxmke{{ mi ae~~òa ò~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{

Amyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo{ don Omo Amyexoleo~ Mxado`rd~`mo{ &OAM{) d~ od~`modc

don ò~exod~`modc ceyec imx neyecmzòa kmccdhmxd~`mo{ don {eegòa d{{`{~doke ò ~fe iècn

mi Xe{edxkf Neyecmzleo~# N`{{elòd~`mo mi Gomqcenae# [~uneo~ [uzzmx~ don

Kdzdk`~p Hu`cnòa mi zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/

F[D fd{ {àoen ~fe daxeeleo~{ don fd{ kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f ldop mxado`rd~`mo{/ ~f`{

òkcune{ 2

Od~`modc Zxmaxdlle imx Idl`cp Zcdooòa Zx`ldxp Fedc~f Kdxe

Od~`modc Zxmaxdlle imx Ld~exodc don Oemod~dc Kf`cn Fedc~f

QFM

UOIZD

U[D@N,ZD@LDO

A^R

FNXI

^XI

[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo# UG

Dkfèyeleo~{2

F[D q`{fen ~m neyecmz Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kecc qf`kf `~ fd{ neyecmzen q`~f

U[D@N {uzzmx~/ D Iècn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed fd{ heeo e{~dhc`{fen d~ Ldon`xd/ Don `~ `{

heòa ldò~dòen ~fxmuaf FNXI don kdxxè{ idk`c`~ e{ imx kmonuk~ oa xe{edxkf hp

{~uneo~{ don idkuc~p



11/72

18

Idk`c`~è{ d~ F[D

Imccmqòa dxe ~fe idk`c`~è{ dyd`cdhce d~ F[D2

Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ Kecc

Iècn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed

C`hxdxp

Kmlzu~ex Cdh

Y`nem Kmoiexeokòa Idk`c`~è{

Q`,I` idk`c`~è{

LENYK Cdh-Xe{edxkf Keo~ex

Ndp Kdxe Keo~ex

[~dii Xmml

Hu{òe{{ Keo~ex

Qeh{`~e

Xekxu`~leo~

^fexe dxe ~qm gòn{ mi elzcmpee{ ò Fd{# ~fm{e qfm qmxg mo kmo~xdk~ hd{`{ don ~fe

zexldoeo~ elzcmpee{/ ^fe kmo~xdk~ elzcmpee{ dxe lm{~cp f`xen hp U[D@N/ ^fe lm{~

kmllmocp u{en le~fmn mi xekxu`~leo~ ò FD[ `{ ~fxmuaf ~fe dnyex~`{eleo~{/ Qfeo

dop zm{~ `{ ydkdo~# `~ `{ dnyex~`{en ò ~fe oeq{zdzex q`~f ~qm qeeg{ cedn ~`le ò qf`kf

~fe kdon`nd~e{ fdye ~m dzzcp/ ^feo ~fe dzzc`kd~`mo{ dxe xeke`yen don {kxeeoen hp ~fe

kmll`~~ee kdccen ~fe [kxeeoòa Kmll`~~ee mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe kx`~ex`d e{~dhc`{fen/

^f`{ kmll`~~ee òkcune{ ~fe zemzce ixml N`xek~mx Mii`ke/ Di~ex {kxeeoòa ~fe ò~exyèq{

dxe kmonuk~en hp ~fe zdoec/ ^f`{ zdoec òkcune{ ~fe N`xek~mx# U[D@N xezxe{eo~d~`ye#

F[[Z xezxe{eo~d~`ye# fedn mx elzcmpee mi ~fe nezdx~leo~ ò qf`kf ~fe zm{~ `{ ydkdo~/

^fe zdoec ~feo {ecek~{ ~fe lm{~ ecà`hce zex{mo imx ~fd~ zm{~/ Moe ~fòa mh{exyen fexe



12/72

18

`{ ~fd~ eyeo di~ex dnyex~`{òa ~fe zm{~# {mle òicueo~`dc amyexoleo~ zemzce {eon ~fe`x

xeiexeoke{ ~m he f`xen imx ~fe zm{~/

^xdòòa don neyecmzleo~

Qfeo dop elzcmpee bmò{ F[D# fe xeke`ye{ mo ~fe bmh ~xdòòa ixml f`{ leo~mx{/ Qfd~

d oeq elzcmpee oeen{ ò F[D `{ do uonex{~donòa mi fmq qmxg `{ nmoe ~fexe/ ^fep

dxe m~fexq`{e yexp evzexèoken ò ~fe`x iècn{/ Lmxemyex qfeo do elzcmpee `{

d{{àoen dop oeq ~d{g{ mx zxmbek~# ~feo fe xeke`ye{ ~xdòòa mo fmq ~m zeximxl ~fm{e

~d{g{ don qmxg mo zxmbek~/

^xdòòa oeen{ dodcp{`{

Elzcmpee{ zeximxldoke `{ dzzxd`{en d~ ~fe eon mi ~fe pedx/ ^fexe `{ d {ek~`mo ò ~fe

dzzxd`{dc imxl ~`~cen (~xdòòa oeen{(/ Di~ex dzzxd`{òa ~fe zeximxldoke ~fe dzzxd`{ex

`neo~ìè{ ~fe ~xdòòa oeen{ mi d zdx~`kucdx elzcmpee/ ^feo d km{~ heoei`~ dodcp{`{ mi

a`yòa ~fe ~xdòòa `{ kdxxèn mu~/ @i ~fe ~xdòòa `{ km{~ eiiek~`ye ~feo ~fe elzcmpee `{

a`yeo ~fe zxmzex ~xdòòa ò ~fm{e qedg dxed{/ M~fexq`{e ~fe m~fex ce{{ `lzmx~do~

~xdòòa{ zcdooen dxe ku~ nmqo imx ~fd~ zex`mn don ~fe fàfcàf~en dxed{ dxe a`yeo ~fe

`lzmx~doke/ ^fe{e dxed{ ~fd~ dxe `neo~ìèn ò dzzxd`{dc dxe om~ àomxen zxmy`nen ~fd~

~fe{e dxe `neo~ìèn imx ~fe i`x{~ ~`le don ~fe elzcmpee fd{ om~ xeke`yen dop ~xdòòa ò

~fd~ dxed heimxe/

Elzcmpee neyecmzleo~

F[D dc{m imku{e{ mo `~{ elzcmpee{ iu~uxe mxèo~en ~xdòòa/ @~ dxxdoae{ nìiexeo~

qmxg{fmz{# cek~uxe{# {elòdx{# kmoiexeoke{# zdzex don zm{~ex zxe{eo~d~`mo{ hm~f

od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc imx `~{ elzcmpee{/ [fmx~ kmux{e{ dxe dc{m miiexen ~m ~fe

elzcmpee{/ F[D dc{m {eon{ `~{ elzcmpee{ ~m imxeào d{{àoleo~{ imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi

kdzdk`~p hu`cnòa mi elzcmpee{ don F[D/



13/72

18

Kmlzeo{d~`mo ldodaeleo~

^fe zuxzm{e mi FX xeqdxn {p{~el `{ ~m miiex iòdok`dc don omo iòdok`dc òkeo~`ye{ ~fd~

{exye ~fe zuxzm{e mi elzcmpee lm~`yd~`mo don {d~`{idk~`mo/ ^fe kmlzeo{d~`mo ò F[D

`{ om~ ~eouxe hd{en xd~fex `~ `{ hd{en mo ~fe {g`cc{# tudcì`kd~ mo{ don kdzdh`c`~è{ mi ~fe

elzcmpee{/ Imx evdlzce ~fe Zxmbek~ Ldodaex `{ zd`n lmxe fexe d{ kmlzdxen ~m ~fe

D{{`{~do~ N`xek~mx imx ~fe xed{mo ~fd~ fex {g`cc{ dxe lmxe don {fe `{ nedcòa q`~f ~fe

nmomx{ lmxemyex {fe `{ d kmo~xdk~udc elzcmpee don ~fe DN `{ d zexldoeo~ elzcmpee/

Om~ mocp moe ~pze mi kmlzeo{d~`mo {p{~el `{ u{en fexe/ ^fe elzcmpee{ {ecek~en

lu~udccp hp F[D don U[D@N fdye nìiexeo~ {dcdxè{ d{ kmlzdxen ~m ~fe elzcmpee{

f`xen hp F[D/ ^fe òkxeleo~{ dxe nek`nen mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe zeximxldoke dzzxd`{dc{/

^fe {dcdxp mi F[D elzcmpee{ kmoimxl{ ~m ~fe xd~e{ heòa miiexen ò ~fe ldxge~/ [ukfevexk`{e eo{uxe{ ce{{ elzcmpee ~uxomyex don eokmuxdae{ ònuk~`mo mi tudc`~p

ldozmqex ò F[D/ Imx ~f`{ zuxzm{e kmo{uc~do~{ dxe dzzmò~en imx zex`mn`k {dcdxp

{uxyep ~m geez dhxed{~ q`~f ~fe kuxxeo~ ldxge~ {`~ud~`mo/ ^fe xe{uc~{ mi ~fe {dcdxp

{uxyep dxe òkmxzmxd~en ò ~fe {dcdxp {kdce{ mi elzcmpee{/ Dc~exod~`yecp {dcdxp {kdce{

mi Fàfex Enukd~`mo Kmll`{{`mo imx dkdnel`k {~dii dxe dc{m dnmz~en/ Hu~ ò kd{e mi

kmo~xdk~udc elzcmpee{# ~fe {dcdxè{ dxe oeam~`d~en/

M~fex heoei`~{

^fe m~fex heoei`~{ zxmy`nen hp F[D ~m `~{ elzcmpee{ òkcune

@o{uxdoke2 d kmlzxefeo{`ye ò{uxdoke kmyexdae `{ zxmy`nen ~fd~ òkcune{ dkk`neo~#

fedc~f# cìe don ld~exo`~p ò{uxdoke

Cedye{2 ~fe zmc`kp mi zd`n cedye{ `{ ò zcdke {~d~òa ~fe ldv`lul cedye{ ~fd~ kdo he

dyd`cen# eokd{fen# kdxxèn imxqdxn# ld~exo`~p# zd~exo`~p# {`kg# {~unp# ~xdòòa# zuhc`kfmc`ndp{ e~k

[uh{`{~eoke dccmqdoke{2 @~ òkcune{ zex nèl xd~e{ imx cmkdc# mu~{~d~`mo don

ò~exod~ modc qmxg# ~fe lmne mi ~xdyec imx nìiexeo~ elzcmpee{ kd~eamx e{# fm~ec{#



14/72

18

ledc{ e~k/ Iux~fex kmlzce~e xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo{ xeadxnòa xe`lhux{eleo~ fdye dc{m

heeo neyecmzen/

^xdòòa don neyecmzleo~ zcdo{ imx dcc elzcmpee{# {zek`dccp# dkdnel`k {~dii# {fmucn

dxe ney`{en q`~f elzfd{`{ mo FX neyecmzleo~/ ^fe ~xdòòa km{~{ òkcunòa hmdxnòa#

cmnaòa# zd`n cedye{ dxe hmxoe hp F[D mx ò kmccdhmxd~`mo q`~f ~fe neyecmzleo~

daeokp/

Fmomxdxùl `{ a`yeo ~m dkdnel`k don {uzzmx~ {~dii òymcyen ò xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~òa

dk~`y`~è{/ ^fe hd{`{ mi kdckucd~ oa {ukf {fdxe imx F[D hd{en d{{àoleo~{ don

d{{àoleo~{ hxmuaf~ mo òn`y`nudc hd{`{ hp F[D {~dii mx ~f`xn zdx~p `{ ò zcdke/

Zxmy`{`mo{ imx cmdo{ don dnydoke{ don ~fe`x xeaucd~`mo{ don xekmyexp dxe ldne d{ d

ledo imx zxmy`nòa lm~`yd~`mo ~m ~fe elzcmpee{/

Zeximxldoke Ldodaeleo~

^fe zeximxldoke dzzxd`{dc `{ nmoe d~ ~fe eon mi edkf pedx/ ^fe dzzxd`{dc imxl{ dxe

zxmy`nen ~m nezdx~leo~ fedn{# qfm i`cc ò ~fm{e imxl{/ ^feo ~fe dzzxd`{dc imxl{ dxe

eydcud~en ~m {ee ì ~fe elzcmpee{ dxe lee~òa ~fe {e~ zeximxldoke {~dondxn{ don

amdc{/ @i ~fep nm# ~fep dxe xeqdxnen q`~f ~fe òkxeleo~ ò ~fe`x zdp don ì om~ ~feo ~fe

zxmhcel dxed{ dxe `neo~ìèn/ @i ~fe zeximxldoke kdo he zu~ ~m ~xdkg q`~f ~fe ~xdòòa#

~fe ~xdòòa `{ zxmy`nen di~ex ~fe km{~ heoei`~{ dodcp{`{/ mx ì ~fexe dxe dop omo ~xdòòa

zxmhcel{# ~feo ~fe du~fmx`~è{ ~xp ~m kmxxek~ ~fel ~m ae~ ~fe elzcmpee{ zeximxldoke

hdkg ~m ~fe ne{`xen ceyec/



15/72

18

Hecmq dxe ~fe xeyeoue don evzeon`~uxe{ iàuxe{ imx ~fe pedx 8::0 don 8:4: qf`kf q`cc

zxmy`ne q`~f do `ned mi ~fe zxe{eo~ iòdok`dc z`k~uxe mi F[D/

Evzeon`~uxe mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp

Iòdok`dc Pedx 8::0,8:4:

[/Om [muxke{Iuon{

&L`cc`mo{)Iuon{

&Xuzee{) %dae

4 Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{àoleo~)1/5: 0/04

8 Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)

6/:: 4:/51

; B[@ &ZD@LDO)4/80 4/1:

> QFM4

;/58 41/69

5 UOIZD:/04 4/8:

9 U[D@N8

0/55 ;0/:;

1 [DYE FE KF@CNXEO:/;4 :/>4

6 F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{4

>/9: 40/;8

^m~dc 15/964:

:/::



16/72

18

Evzeon`~uxe mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp

imx IP 8::0,8:4:

1/5: # 4:%

6/:: # 44%

4/80 # 8%

4>/91 # 8:%

:/04 # 4%

8>/6: # ;5%

4/84 # 8%

4;/91 # 40%

Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce

D{{`aoleo~)

Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)

B[@ &ZD@LDO)

QFM

UOIZD

U[D@N

[DYE ^FE KF@CNXEO

F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{



17/72

18

Xeyeoue mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp

I`odok`dc Pedx 8::0,8:4:

[/Om [muxke{

Iuon{

&L`cc`mo{) %dae

4 Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{`aoleo~)1/

5: 4:/>4

8 Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)6/

:: 44/4:

; B[@ &ZD@LDO)4/

80 4/10

> QFM4>/

91 8:/;9

5 UOIZD:/

04 4/89

9 U[D@N8>/

6: ;>/>8

1 [DYE FE KF@CNXEO4/

84 4/96

6 F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{4;/

91 46/06

^m~dc 18/:94::/:

:



18/72

18

Xeyeoue Kfdx~ mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp

imx IP 8::0,8:4:

1/5: # 4:%

6/:: # 44%

4/80 # 8%

4>/91 # 8:%

:/04 # 4%

8>/6: # ;5%

4/84 # 8%

4;/91 # 40%

Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{`aoleo~)

Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)

B[@ &ZD@LDO)

QFM

UOIZD

U[D@N

[DYE FE KF@CNXEO

F[D ixml Mq o [muxke{



19/72

18

Dnlò`{~xd~`mo

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{

Xmce{2

Aeoexdc Dnlò`{~xd~`ye Nu~è{

Eo{uxe{ eii kèo~ eveku~`mo mi dcc dnlò`{~xd~`ye zxmke{{e{ ò F[D ò

dkkmxndoke q`~f ~fe xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo mi ~fe Dkdnelp

@o kmmzexd~`mo q`~f ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx# xeyèq{ kuxxeo~ dnlò`{~xd~`ye

xuce{ don zmc`kè{ don# qfeo oeenen# ldge dleonleo~{ ~fexemi

N`{{elòd~e{ ~fxmuaf ydx`mu{ ledo{ &e/a/ qmxg{fmz# ~edl {e{{`mo{) oeq

xuce{ don zmc`kè{ don eo{uxe{ {~dii kmlzc`doke

Neyecmz{ don ldò~dò{ dnlò`{~xd~`ye xekmxn{ {p{~el

Zxmy`ne{ dnlò`{~xd~`ye {exy`ke{ ~m dcc dkdnel`k don omo,dkdnel`k {~dii

Kmmxnòd~e{ ~fe mu~{muxkòa mi {exy`ke{

[mc`k`~{ zxmzm{dc{ ixml nìiexeo~ {exy`ke zxmy`nex{

D{{e{{ miiex{ ò ~exl{ mi# dlmoa m~fex{# tudc ~p mi {exy`ke# zx`ke don

xezu~d~`mo mi zxmy`nex

[ecek~{ {exy`ke zxmy`nex don òimxl ~fel dkkmxnòacp

Zex{mooec Dnlò`{~xd~`mo don Ldodaeleo~

D{{`{~{ ~fe Kmll`~~ee mo Dzzmò~leo~{ don Zxmlm~`mo ò zcdooòa don

`lzceleo~òa {~dii xekxu`~leo~ don zxmlm~`mo zxmkenuxe{

Zdx~`k`zd~e{ ò ~fe {ecek~`mo zxmke{{

@o kmmxnòd~`mo q`~f ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx# zxezdxe{ qmxgòa kmo~xdk~{



20/72

18

@{{ue{ dzzmò~leo~ zdzex{ ~dgòa ò~m dkkmuo~ òn`y`nudc k`xkul{~doke{ mi

{~dii

Mxèo~{ oeq {~dii lelhex{ mo ~fe xuce{# xeaucd~`mo{ &ceadc `{{ue{# fuldo

xe{muxke{# zeo{`mo{ don {exy`ke kmon`~`mo{)# {~dondxn mzexd~òa zxmkenuxe{don xuce{ mi kmonuk~ ò FD[

[uzexy`{e{ ~fe ldò~eodoke mi {~dii i`ce{ don xekmxn{

Kmmxnòd~e{ q`~f ~fe Eveku~ ye N`xek~mx xeadxnòa ~fe zcdooòa don

`lzceleo~d~`mo mi [~dii Zeximxldoke D{{e{{leo~

Kmonuk~{ dooudc zeximxldoke d{{e{{leo~ mi {uhmxnòd~e{

[uzexy`{e{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi {~dii ~xdòòa don neyecmzleo~zxmaxdlle{

Iuok~`mo{ mi Dnlò`{~xd~`mo2

Zcdooòa

Mxado`ròa

Cednòa

@lzceleo~òa

Kmo~xmccòa

Iòdoke

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{

Xmce{2

Hunae~# Dkkmuo~òa [p{~el don @o~exodc Kmo~xmc{

m D{{`{~{ ò zxezdxòa hunae~{ don evzeon`~uxe zxmbek~`mo{

m Zxezdxe{ don ldò~dò{ dkkmuo~{ don dkkmuo~ oa {p{~el d{ zex ~fe

Iòdoke don Dkkmuo~òa Ldoudc

m Zxezdxe{ don kfekg{ bmuxodc eo~xè{ ò ~fe aeoexdc cenaex



21/72

18

m D{{`{~{ ò zxezdxòa hunae~{ don evzeon`~uxe zxmbek~`mo{

m Lmo`~mx{ kd{f hdcdoke don hdcdoke{ ò Dkkmuo~{ ,Xeke`ydhce{

Zdpleo~{# Dnydoke Xetue{~{ don Ze~~p Kd{f

Zxmke{{e{ dcc dnydoke xetue{~{

Zxmke{{e{ òym`ke{ don `{{ue{ zdpleo~{ imx evzeo{e kcd`l{# ~xdyec#

kmo{uc~do~{ iee{

Iòdok`dc Xezmx~òa don Dun`~

Zxezdxe{ xekmok`c`d~`mo {~d~eleo~{ mi hdog dkkmuo~

Zxezdxe{ lmo~fcp evzeo{e {~d~eleo~{ Zxezdxe{ qeegcp# lmo~fcp# tudx~excp don dooudc iòdok`dc xezmx~{

xeicek~òa iuon{ xeke`yen don {zeo~

Fuldo Xe{muxke{

[uzexy`{e{ don leo~mx{ {~dii mi ~fe iòdok`dc uo`~

Kmonuk~{ dooudc zeximxldoke d{{e{{leo~ mi {uhmxnòd~e{

Iuok~`mo{2

@lzceleo~d~`mo mi Dkkmuo~òa Zmc`kè{/

Amyexoleo~ don Neyecmzleo~ Daeokp Axdo~{ don `~{ Ldodaeleo~/

[uxzcu{ Iuon{ Dkkmuo~òa don `~{ @oye{~leo~/

Kd{f Icmq - Kd{f Ldodaeleo~/

Xeke`ydhce{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp don `~{ Ldodaeleo~/

Zxmkuxeleo~ Kxen`~ Ldodaeleo~ don `~{ Dkkmuo~òa ò còe q`~f ~fe

Iòdok`dc Xuce{/

Cmdo{ don Dnydoke{ Dkkmuo~òa don `~{ lmo`~mxòa/

Xe{edxkf don Kmo{uc~dokp Kmo~xdk~{ - Zxmzm{dc{ don `~{ Dkkmuo~òa/

Iòdok`dc Xezmx~òa don Dun`~# d{ xetu`xen hp ~fe Amyexoleo~

Iòdok`dc Daeokè{ don Nmomx{



22/72

18

Hunae~# Dkkmuo~òa [p{~el don @o~exodc Kmo~xmc{

Elmculeo~{# zeo{`mo{ don dccmqdoke{7 don `~{ Dkkmuo~òa/

^m {uzexy`{e don {~xeoa~feo ~fe I`ven D{{e~{ Ldodaeleo~ [p{~el

Neyecmz{ ò~exodc kmo~xmc zmc`kè{ don zxmkenuxe{

Evdlòd~`mo mi dcc zxmzm{dc{ imx ~fe òkxed{e mx xenuk~`mo mi ~dvd~`mo/

Qdp{ don Ledo{# òkcunòa ceyp mi ~dve{# nu~è{# ke{{e{# e~k/

Dzzxmzx`d~`mo don xe,dzzxmzx`d~`mo{/

Hmmgòa Geezòa mi dcc ~fe Dkkmuo~{ - Eo~xè{ don `~{ Xekmok`c`d~`mo{

Necead~`mo mi iòdok`dc zmqex{/

Neyecmz{ iòdok`dc zmc`kè{ imx `lzceleo~d~`mo ò ~fe Dkdnelp/

@neo~ìè{ don ldodae{ iòdok`dc# mzexd~`modc don xeaucd~mxp x`{g{/

Evdlòd~`mo don dny`ke mo ld~~ex{ diiek~òa n`xek~cp

Zdx~`kucdx Iuok~`mo{

^fe iòdok`dc {ek~`mo mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo geez ldoudc-ecek~xmo`k xekmxn{ mi lmoepxeke`yen don zd`n mu~ hp ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ ^f`{ òimxld~`mo q`cc ~feo he u{en ~m

zxmnuke ydx`mu{ iòdok`dc {~d~eleo~{ imx ~dv zuxzm{e{ don ~m kmlzcp q`~f ceadc

xetu`xeleo~{/ ^fe òimxld~ mo `{ dc{m u{en ~m zxmnuke ldodaeleo~ dkkmuo~{ ~m

eodhce {eo`mx ldodaex{ ~m zcdo don xeyèq hu{òe{{ {~xd~eap/

^fe Iòdoke nezdx~leo~ mx uo`~ ldp dc{m he xe{zmo{`hce imx dnlò`{~exòa elzcmpee

evzeo{e{ don {dcdxè{/ Imx zdpleo~ mi qdae{ ~fe iòdoke nezdx~leo~ ~m ~dge ò~m

dkkmuo~ {~d~u~mxp nenuk~`mo{ {ukf d{ ~dv# don elzcmpee kmo~x`hu~`mo{ {ukf d{ zeo{`mo

mx cmdo xezdpleo~{/



23/72

18

[~uneo~ Diid`x{ Nezdx~leo~

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{

Xmce{2

Zxmlm~`mo mi Kmux{e{

@o kmmxnòd~`mo q ~f ~fe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle kmmxnòd~mx don {fmx~ kmux{e

kmmxnòd~mx{# zxezdxe{ kmux{e òimxld~`mo ld~ex`dc{

N`{~x`hu~e{ òimxld~`mo ld~ex`dc{ ~m ~fe zuhc`k ~fxmuaf ydx`mu{ len`d don kfdooec{

Zxezdxe{ ~fe kmo~eo~ mi ~fe Dkdnelp qeh{`~e

Qmxg{ q`~f ~fe @oimxld~`mo êkfomcmap D{{`{~do~ ò ne{àoòa don ldò~dòòa ~fe

qeh{`~e

Zxmke{{òa mi Dzzc`kd~`mo imx Dnl`{{`mo

Xe{zmon{ ~m aeoexdc don {~uneo~{ òtu`xè{ xeadxnòa ~fe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{#

dnl`{{`mo zmc`kè{ don zxmkenuxe{

[eon{ mu~ dzzc`kd~`mo imxl{ ~m ò~exe{~en zdx~è{ don òtu`xex{

Xeke`ye{ don xeyèq{ dzzc`kd~`mo imxl{ ~m eo{uxe ~fe`x kmlzce~eoe{{ don yexìp

du~feo~`k`~p mi nmkuleo~{ {uhl`~~en @o kmmxnòd~`mo q`~f xe{zmo{`hce idkuc~p lelhex# mxado`re{ ~fe kmonuk~ mi dnl`{{`mo

evdlòd~`mo{

Ne~exlòe{ ~fe {kfenuce

Mxado`re{ yeoue don oeenen cma`{~`k{

Eo{uxe{ ~fe dyd`cdh`c`~p don {uii`kèokp mi ~e{~ tue{~`mo{

Uonex~dge{ zxec lòdxp {ecek~`mo mi dzzc kdo~{ don kmlzce~e{ c`{~{ mi dzzc kdo~{

xekmlleonen imx dnl`{{`mo don {uhl`~{ ~f`{ ~m Dnl`{{`mo{ Kmll`~~eeZdx~`k`zd~e{ ò ~fe {ecek~`mo zxmke{{

[eon{ mu~ om~`ke{ mi dnl`{{`mo



24/72

18

Mxèo~d~`mo mi Oeq [~uneo~{

Mxado`re{ ~fe mxèo~d~`mo mi oeq {~uneo~{

m Ne~exlòe{ ~fe {kfenuce

m Mxado`re{ yeoue don oeenen cma`{~`k{

m Kmo~dk~{ ~fe idkuc~p lelhex{ ~m eo{uxe ~fe`x zdx~`k`zd~`mo

m Kmonuk~{ mxèo~d~`mo mo zfp{`kdc idk`c`~è{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp

Dnlò`{~xd~`mo

[uzexy`{e{ don ldò~dò{ ~fe [~uneo~{ Zex{modc I`ce{# hm~f imx od~`modc don

ò~exod~`modc {~uneo~{m Neaxee{#

m ^xdo{kx`z~{ mi Xekmxn{ don Zxmy`{`modc Kex~ì`kd~e{

m NLK{# Zxmy`{`modc Kex~ì`kd~e{/

@{{ue{ evdlòd~`mo xmcc oulhex don eo{uxe{ ~fd~ nue{ dxe zd`n

^dge{ kfdxae mi dcc kmxxe{zmoneoke{ xecd~en ~m {~uneo~{ diid`x{

Ldò~dò{ `lzmx~do~ i`ce{ don xekmxn{# e/a/# [kfmcdx{f`z{# ò~exo{f`z i`ce{#

zxmbek~ qmxg# ~fe{`{# e~k/ N`{~x`hu~e{ mo ~`le xeceydo~ òimxld~ mo don om~`ke{ ~m {~uneo~{ don

idkuc~p# {zek`dc eyeo~{# evdlòd~`mo nd~e{# evdlòd~`mo xe{uc~{

Neyecmz{ don kmo{~do~cp uznd~e{ dculo` xekmxn{

Ldò~dò{ òyeo~mxp {uzzcè{

C`d`{mo q`~f iòdoke hxdokf don Tud`n,e,Drdl Kdlzu{ ~m eo{uxe

{lmm~f kmxxe{zmoneoke

Ldò~dòòa Qecc,heòa mi [~uneo~{

Eo{uxe{ ~fe {~uneo~{ evexk`{e mi ~fe`x xàf~{ d{ zxmy`nen hp ~fe Dkdnel`k

Xuce{ don Zmc`kè{



25/72

18

Kmuo{ec{ don dny`{e{ {~uneo~{ mo d{zek~{ xecd~en ~m ~fe`x {~unè{ don# qfeo

xetue{~en# zex{modc ld~~ex{

Xe{zmon{ ~m kmlzcdò~{ don {mcye{ {~uneo~{,xecd~en zxmhcel{

Ev~eon{ mx dxxdoae{ d{{`{~doke ~m {~uneo~{# e/a/# {~uneo~ eyeo~{# kmlzu~ex

qmxg# kmxxe{zmoneoke{# e~k/

Ev~eon{ {uzzmx~ ~m ecek~en {~uneo~{ kmuok`c mx xezxe{eo~d~`ye{

Iuok~`mo{2

^fe Nezdx~leo~ mi [~uneo~ Diid`x{ zxmy`ne{ d ydxè~p mi neyecmzleo~dc

{exy`ke{# zxmaxdl{# don dk~`y`~è{ ò {uzzmx~ mi ~fe dkdnel`k l`{{`mo mi ~fe

Uo`yex{`~p/ @~ `{ kmll`~~en ~m evkecceoke don do ò~eaxd~`mo mi kuxx`kucdx# km,

kuxx`kucdx# don ev~xd,kuxx`kucdx dk~`y`~è{

Idk`c`~d~e {~uneo~ kmlzcdò~{ don axèydoke{ ò kmlzc`doke q`~f zxmkenuxe{ imx

kmoic`k~ xe{mcu~`mo/

Idk`c`~d~e kmlluo`kd~`mo don uonex{~donòa mi zex{zek~ ye{ dlmoa ~fe idkuc~p#

{~dii# {~uneo~{# don kmlluo`~p/

Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{

Hmdxn don Kmll`~~ee Neyecmzleo~ don [uzzmx~

[uzzmx~{ ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{ &fexeuonex xeiexxen ~m d{ HmA) hp a`yòa dny`ke

don a`yòa hmdxn lelhex{ xeceydo~ òimxld~`mo oeke{{dxp imx nek`{`mo,ldgòa

Dk~{ d{ ~fe [ekxe~dxp mi ~fe HmA

[exye{ d{ ~fe ò~exidke he~qeeo ~fe HmA don ~fe {~dii lelhex{/



26/72

18

^mae~fex q`~f ~fe HmA# neiòe{ don ò~exzxe~{ ~fe @o{~`~u~e{ y`{`mo# l`{{`mo don amdc{

don neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ {~xd~ea`k don mzexd~`modc zcdo{# imxlucd~e{ zmc`kè{ don

xeaucd~`mo{ ò dkkmxndoke ~m ~fe{e y`{`mo# l`{{`mo don amdc{/

Kfd`x{ ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee don eo{uxe{ ~fd~ `~ iuci`cc{ `~{ iuok~`mo{ d{ {zekìèn ò

~fe Dkdnel`k Xuce{ don Xeaucd~`mo{/

Omlòd~e{ lelhex{ ixml dlmoa ~fe {~dii mi F[D ~m ~fe Dkdnel`k Dny`{mxp

Kmll`~~ee

Kfd`x{ don kmoyeoe{ ~fe Hmdxn mi [~unè{ mi F[D

Zxmy`ne{ ~ekfo`kdc don dnlò`{~xd~`ye {uzzmx~ ~m ~fe Kmll`~~ee mo Dzzmò~leo~{ don

Zxmlm~`mo{

Iuci`c{ m~fex bmh{ ~fd~ làf~ he d{{àoen ixml ~`le ~m ~`le/

Fuldo Xe{muxke{ Neyecmzleo~

[uzexy`{e{ don leo~mx{ {eo`mx idkuc~p lelhex{

Zcdo{ don {uzexy`{e{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~xdòòa don neyecmzleo~ zxmaxdlle{

imx hm~f ~edkfòa don dnlò`{~xd~ ye {~dii# ~fu{# ldò~dòòa ~fe tudc ~p mi {~dii

zeximxldoke/

êdkfòa don Xe{edxkf

Myex{ee{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~fe kuxxeo~ dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{/

D{{ule{ ~edkfòa xe{zmo{`h`c`~è{

[uzexy`{e{ don dny`{e{ {eo`mx {~uneo~{

@o kmmzexd~`mo q`~f ~fe kmux{e kmmxnòd~mx{# kmonuk~ do dodcp{`{ mi ~fe {`~ud~`mo

zex~dòòa ~m od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc zuhc`k fedc~f ò mxnex ~m ne~exlòe zm{{`h`c`~è{

~m neyecmz oeq ~mz`k{-kmux{e{/

^mae~fex q`~f ~fe Dkdnel`k Dny`{mxp Kmll`~~ee don q`~f Xe{edxkf Kmmxnòd~mx

&F[D {~dii)# neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ xe{edxkf daeond

Kmonuk~{ xe{edxkf d{ zxòk`zdc òye{~àd~mx mx d{{mk`d~e òye{~àd~mx

Zuhc`{fe{ xe{edxkf xe{uc~{ mx dx~`kce{ ò od~`modc mx ò~exod~`modc zuhc`kd~`mo{



27/72

18

Xeyèq{ xe{edxkf nmoe hp ~fe idkuc~p mi F[D don m~fex xe{edxkfex{ mu~{`ne mi ~fe

Dkdnelp

[ekuxe iuonòa ixml nìiexeo~ {muxke{ imx nìiexeo~ dkdnel`k don xe{edxkf dk~`y`~è{

Dnlò`{~xd~`mo

@o kmmxnòd~`mo q`~f ~fe Nezu~p N`xek~mx imx Dnlò`{~xd~`mo qfm `{ ò kfdxae mi

zex{mooec diid`x{# neyecmz{ do myexdcc {~dii zeximxldoke xeyèq {p{~el/

@o kmmxnòd~`mo q`~f ~fe Nezu~p N`xek~mx mi Iòdoke# neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ dooudc

hunae~ imx {uhl`{{`mo don dzzxmydc mi ~fe HmA/

Eo{uxe{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi {muon don ~xdo{zdxeo~ iòdok`dc zxdk~`ke{# hmmg,

geezòa don dkkmuo~òa/

Zxezdxe{ don oeam~`d~e{ iuonòa zxmzm{dc{ ~m m~fex nmomx don iuonòa daeokè{

Kmo{uc~òa don Oe~qmxgòa

Kmonuk~{ kmo{uc~dokp imx don mo hefdci mi ~fe Dkdnelp

Xezxe{eo~{ ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp ò od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc kmll`~~ee{

don oe~qmxg don# don ~fexehp# zxmlm~e ~fe dk~`y`~è{ mi F[D/

Zxe{eo~{ zdzex{ don nec`yex{ cek~uxe{# qfeo oeenen# ò ò~exod~`modc kmoiexeoke{ mxzxmie{{`modc lee~òa{

Kmmzexd~e{ don qmxg{ q`~f nmomx{ don zdx~oex{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp

E{~dhc`{fe{ kmo~dk~{ q`~f zm~eo~`dc nmomx{ don {ekuxe bmò~ zxmbek~{ mx dk~`y`~è{

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{ mi N`xek~mx{ Mii`ke

Xmce{2

êcezfmoe-Xekez~`mo [exy`ke{

Do{qex{# {kxeeo{# imxqdxn{ don-mx xe~uxo{ zfmoe kdcc{ don le{{dae{

Ldodae{ òkmlòa don mu~amòa kmxxe{zmoneoke# òkcunòa idve{# e,ld`c{#

zdxkec{ don fdon nec`yexen le{{dae{ mo d xmu~òe hd{`{

Eo{uxe{ aue{~{ kmlimx~ hp miiexòa ~fel oeq{zdzex{# xeixe{fleo~{ e~k/



28/72

18

[ekxe~dx`dc Qmxg don [exy`ke{

^pze{ ce~~ex{# idve{ imx ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx

E{~dhc {fe{ don-mx uznd~e{ ~fe ònev mi# don nd~d mo# kmo~dk~ dnnxe{{e{#

zfmoe-idv oulhex{# don e,ld`c,dnnxe{{e{ xeaucdxcp Cma{ ò-xekmxn{ òkmlòa don mu~amòa ce~~ex{# idve{# e,ld`c{ mo d nd`cp hd{`{

[mx~{ don n`{~x`hu~e{ òkmlòa ld`c# idve{ don m~fex mii`k`dc nmkuleo~{ imx

ld`còa don kmccek~òa

E{~dhc`{fe{ don ldò~dò{ zexldoeo~ i`ce{7 i`ce{ don xe~xèye{ nmkuleo~{ d{

xetue{~en/

Mxado`re{ don ~dge{ xe{zmo{`h`c`~p imx ~fe nec`yexp don kmccek~`mo mi Eveku~`ye

N`xek~mx{ nmkuleo~{-zdxkec{ ixml don ~m zm{~ mii`ke# amyexoleo~ hmnè{#

elhd{{è{# e~k/

Mxado`re{ xednòa ld~ex`dc{ imx n`{zcdp d{ zex ò{~xuk~`mo{ mi ~fe Eveku~`ye

N`xek~mx/

Iuok~`mo{2

Mzexd~`modc Ldodaeleo~

Kmmxnòd~`mo

Kmccdhmxd~`mo

D{{`{~doke

K`xkucd~`mo mi mii`ke mxnex{



29/72

18

Zxmbek~ Ldodaeleo~

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{

Xmce{

[zekì`k2

Kmmxnòd~`mo imx neyecmzòa Dooudc Qmxg Zcdo Dk~ y ~è{ don xezmx~òa mo

tudx~ex don dooudc hd{`{/

Kmmxnòd~`mo don kmlluo`kd~`mo q`~f Amyexoleo~# Nmomx{ don [~dgefmcnex{

hm~f d~ od~`modc don do ò~exod~`modc ceyec/

Hmm{~ ~fe u~`c`rd~`mo mi iuon{ hp kmmxnòd~`mo q`~f ~fe kmokexoen tudx~ex/

Kmmxnòd~òa lee~òa{# {elòdx{# kmoiexeoke{ don qmxg{fmz{/

^m neyecmz ^MX{ ~m dk~ d{ d kmxe zex{mo ò cduokfòa m~fex zxmbek~{/

^m kmmxnòd~e neyecmz d hu{òe{{ zcdo- kx ~ex d imx {fmx~ ~exl-cmoa ~exl

~xdòòa{ ~m he kdxxèn mu~ ò F[D/

Aeoexdc2

@neo~ìpòa# ~xdkgòa ldodaòa don xe{mcyòa zxmbek~ `{{ue{

Zxmdk~`yecp n`{{elòd~òa zxmbek~ òimxld~`mo ~m dcc {~dgefmcnex{

@neo~ìpòa# ldodaòa don l`~àd~òa zxmbek~ x`{g

Zxmdk~ yecp ldodaòa {kmze ~m eo{uxe ~fd~ mocp qfd~ qd{ daxeen ~m `{

nec`yexen# uoce{{ kfdoae{ dxe dzzxmyen ~fxmuaf {kmze ldodaeleo~

Neiòòa don kmccek~òa le~x`k{ ~m a`ye d {eo{e imx fmq ~fe zxmbek~ `{

zxmaxe{{òa don qfe~fex ~fe nec`yexdhce{ zxmnuken dxe dkkez~dhce

Ldodaòa ~fe myexdcc {kfenuce ~m eo{uxe qmxg `{ d{{àoen don kmlzce~en mo

~`le don q`~fò hunae~



30/72

18

Fdyòa ~fe n`{k`zcòe don aeoexdc ldodaeleo~ {g`cc{ ~m ldge {uxe ~fd~ zemzce

imccmq ~fe {~dondxn zxmke{{e{ don zxmkenuxe{

E{~dhc`{fòa cednex{f`z {g`cc{ ~m ae~ ~fe ~edl ~m q`ccòacp imccmq pmux n`xek~`mo/

Cednex{f`z `{ dhmu~ kmlluo`kd~òa d y`{`mo don ae~~òa ~fe ~edl ~m dkkez~ `~don {~x`ye ~m ae~ ~fexe q`~f pmu/

[e~~òa xed{modhce# kfdcceoaòa don kcedx evzek~d~`mo{ imx zemzce# don fmcnòa

~fel dkkmuo~dhce imx lee~òa ~fe evzek~d~`mo{/ ^f`{ òkcune{ zxmy`nòa ammn

zeximxldoke ieenhdkg ~m ~edl lelhex{

êdl hu`cnòa {g`cc{ {m ~fd~ ~fe zemzce qmxg ~mae~fex qecc# don ieec lm~`yd~en ~m

qmxg fdxn imx ~fe {dge mi ~fe zxmbek~ don ~fe`x m~fex ~edl lelhex{/ ^fe cdxaex

pmux ~edl don ~fe cmoaex ~fe zxmbek~# ~fe lmxe `lzmx~do~ `~ `{ ~m fdye ammn

~edl,hu`cnòa {g`cc{/

Iuok~`mo{2

Dnlò`{~xd~`ye Kmo~xmc

Neyecmzleo~ mi [~xd~ea`k Amdc{

Necead~`mo mi Qmxg

Iòdok`dc Ldodaeleo~

Zeximxldoke Ldodaeleo~

Zmc`kè{ don Zxmkenuxe{

Tudc`~p Kmo~xmc don Mzexd~`mo{ Ldodaeleo~

X`{g# [die~p don C`dh`c`~è{

Kmlluo`kd~`mo

Kmmxnòd~`mo

Tudc`~p D{{uxdoke Xeyèq{

Zm{~ @lzceleo~d~`mo xeyèq{

Xezmx~òa

Xekmxnòa mi ce{{mo{ cedxoen/

Zxmbek~ Nd~d don Zxmbek~ êdl Eydcud~`mo{



31/72

18

@oimxld~`mo êkfomcmap Nezdx~leo~ mi F[D

Xmce don Iuok~`mo{

Xmce{2

[p{~el @o{~dccd~`mo don Ldodaeleo~

@o{~dcc{ ~fe eo~ xe òimxld~`mo ~ekfomcmap {p{~el òkcunòa ~fe cmkdc dxed

oe~qmxg &CDO)

Eo{uxe{ ~fd~ dcc fdxnqdxe# `/e/# òkcunòa ne{g~mz kmlzu~ex{# cdz~mz{# don

{exyex{# dxe ò dkkmxndoke q`~f ~fe {~dondxn{ {e~ hp A^R fedn mii`ke# Eo{uxe{ ~fd~ dcc {mi~qdxe zdkgdae{# òkcunòa do~ ,y`xu{ don do~ ,fdkgex{

zxmaxdlle{# dxe uznd~en

Xezd`x{ don ldò~dò{# mx mu~{muxke ~fe xezd`x don ldò~eodoke mi ne{g ~mz

kmlzu~ex{# cdz~mz{# zxò~ex{# nà ~dc kdlexd{# {kdooex{ don m~fex fdxnqdxe

kmlzmoeo~{

Fdonce{ ~xmuhce{fmm~òa don {mcyòa mi dcc kmlzu~ex don ò~exoe~ xecd~en

zxmhcel{# zxezdxe{ òimxld~`mo oeenen# don ldò~dò{ ~ecezfmo`k {uzzmx~

Geez{ do òyeo~mxp mi fdxn don {mi~qdxe don uznd~e{ c`{~ d{ {mmo d{ kfdoae{

mkkux

[uzzmx~{ dcc {mi~qdxe zdkgdae{ u{en d~ ~fe F[D &e/a/ DZ[# DL[# L[ Mii`ke#

Qò ZDKK[# [DZ)

Ldò~dò{ zxmzex hdkg,uz {p{~el{ don eo{uxe{ {p{~el {ekux`~p

Zxmkuxe{ oeq fdxnqdxe# qfeo oeenen# ~dgòa ò~m kmo{`nexd~`mo tudc`~p don

zx`ke{

Eo{uxe{ do elexaeokp nezu~p {exy`ke

Nmkuleo~{ ~fe ò{~dccd~`mo don {e~~òa{ mo ~fe {exyex don mo edkf kmlzu~ex

D{{`{~{ ò don-mx kdxxè{ mu~ m~fex dk~`y`~è{ don m~fex ~d{g{# d{ d{{àoen



32/72

18

Qeh{`~e xecd~en ~d{g{

Ldò~dò{ don uznd~e{ ev`{~òa qeh{`~e

Kmmxnòd~e{ xeaucdxcp q ~f ~fe n xek~mx don ~fe idkuc~p mo oeke{{dxp

dnbu{~leo~{ ~m ~fe fmlezdae

M~fex ^d{g{2

êdkfòa ~fe Kmlzu~ex Dzzc`kd~`mo ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f {uhbek~ ~m L[ZF# EL[ZF

don LENYK {~uneo~{ mi F[D/

^m ldge ~fe {lmm~f qmxgòa mi Y`nem kmoiexeoke [p{~el d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{

Dkdnelp/

Zxmy`nòa {uzzmx~ mo zuxkfd{òa dop oeq {p{~el mx cd~e{~ etu`zleo~ xecd~en ~m

@^ d~ F[D/

Ldge ~fe mocòe nd~d hdkguz don {fdxòa c`ge nmk [exyex qfexe idkuc~p#

{~uneo~{ don {~dii kdo {dye mocòe nd~d d{ qecc d{ ldge mocòe qmxn# evkec

zmqex zmò~ don nd~dhd{e nmkuleo~{ ì ~fep nmo~ fdye ~fe {mi~qdxe/

^m hcmkg dcc ~fe uooeke{{dxp qeh{`~e{ don le{{eoaex{ {exy`ke &qfexe

xetu`xen) ~m u~`c`re ~fe F[D @o~exoe~ hdonq`n~f ò lmxe eii`kèo~ qdp/

^m ldò~dò ~fe mocòe d~~eondoke hd{e {p{~el imx elzcmpee{ mi F[D/

Zxmy`nòa {uzzmx~ mo Iòdok`dc Zedkf ~xee {mi~qdxe mo xeaucdx hd{`{/

Kxed~òa don uznd~òa ~fe eld`c{ dkkmuo~ don kmll`~~ee axmuz{ mi idkuc~p# {~dii

don {~uneo~{ mo xeaucdx hd{`{/

Iuok~`mo{

Kmoi auxd~ mo-Zeximxldoke-Dyd cdh c ~p-Kdzdk`~p-[ekux`~p lmo ~mxòa don

ldò~eodoke mi {exyex {p{~el{/

Kmoiàuxd~`mo-Zeximxldoke-Dyd`cdh`c`~p-[ekux`~p lmo`~mxòa don ldò~eodoke mi ~fe

oe~qmxg òixd{~xuk~uxe òkcunòa2 [q`~kfe{# Xmu~ex{# I`xeqdcc{# @[Z còg{# NO[# YZO

Ad~eqdp{



33/72

18

Zeximxldoke-Dyd`cdh`c`~p-[ekux`~p lmo`~mxòa don ldò~eodoke mi

@o~eaxd~en ~f`xn zdx~p {exy`ke{

Ne{ào# `lzceleo~ don ldò~dò {mcu~`mo{ xecd~en ~m d qeh {exy`ke @oixd{~xuk~uxe don

oe~qmxg òixd{~xuk~uxe

Dodcpre don xe{mcye zxmhcel{ d{{mk`d~en q`~f oe~qmxg# {exyex fdxnqdxe don

dzzc`kd~`mo{ {mi~qdxe

[uzzmx~ zxmnuk~`mo {p{~el ò don mii xeaucdx hu{òe{{ fmux{

Ldodaeleo~ mi {~mxdae don hdkguz{

Neiòòa don nmkuleo~òa oe~qmxg kmoiàuxd~`mo{ don zxmke{{e{

[e~uz don ldò~dò qmxg{~d~`mo{

Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{ mi ~fe Dkdnel`k Nezdx~leo~{

êdkfòa2 &9:%)

d/ Zdx~`k`zd~e ò myexdcc zcdooòa don ldodaeleo~ mi kmux{e{ &Kmmxnòd~e

kmux{e)

Kmmxnòd~e q`~f Idkuc~p &@o,fmu{e) don Ev~exodc {zedgex{ &Aue{~ {zedgex{)

h/ Zxezdxe don kmonuk~ cek~uxe{

k/ Zxezdxe don kmonuk~ d{{àoleo~{

n/ Zxezdxe- Kfekg evdlòd~`mo zdzex{ don ~e{~{ mi {~uneo~{

e/ @oyà`cd~e evdlòd~`mo{

i/ Leo~mx [~uneo~{ nmòa xe{edxkf zxmbek~{

a/ Dxxdoae iècn y`{`~{

Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~2 &85%)

d/ Zxezdxe xe{edxkf zxmzm{dc{ don {ekuxe iuonòa imx xe{edxkf zxmbek~{



34/72

18

h/ Zeximxl dnydoken xe{edxkf ò ~fe`x xe{zek~`ye iècn mi evzex~`{e don mi

ò~exe{~ mi ~fe idkuc~p

k/ Zuhc`{f ~fe xe{uc~{ ò od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc bmuxodc{

n/ Zxe{eo~ {kèo~ì`k zdzex{ ò od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc kmoiexeoke{

e/ Zeximxl kmo{uc~dokè{ ~m m~fex mxado`rd~`mo{ don aeoexd~e iuon{ -

xe{edxkfe{ imx F[D

i/ Eoadae ò zm{~axdnud~e {~unè{ imx zex{modc neyecmzleo~

a/ Zdx~`k`zd~e ò od~`modc - ò~exod~`modc qmxg{fmz{ don {elòdx{ imx cedxoòa

- ~edkfòa zuxzm{e{

Kmonuk~ [fmx~ Kmux{e{- Qmxg{fmz - [elòdx{2 &4:%)

d/ Kmonuk~ {fmx~ kmux{e{

Kuxx`kucul xeyèq mi ~fe {fmx~ kmux{e

Kmo~dk~ don eoadae ò~exodc don ev~exodc {zedgex{

Eo{uxe dyd`cdh`c`~p mi cma`{~`k {uzzmx~

h/ Kmonuk~ qmxg{fmz{ don {elòdx{

Ldodaeleo~2 &5%)

d/ Kmll`~~ee {uzzmx~

Lelhex{f`z ò moe mi ~fe ò~exodc ldodaeleo~ kmll`~~ee{ ~m {uzzmx~ dnlò

nezdx~leo~

h/ Idkuc~p {uzzmx~ don neyecmzleo~

Ev~eon ~ekfo`kdc d{{`{~doke ~m kmccedaue{ ò ~fe iècn mi evzex~`{e

A`ye {uzzmx~ ~m ~fe kmux{e kmmxnòd~mx{



35/72

18

k/ Oe~qmxgòa don Zuhc`k Xecd~`mo{

Zdx~ k`zd~e d{ lelhex{ ò fedc~f xecd~en kmll`~~ee{ mu~{`ne ~fe

dkdnelp

Xezxe{eo~ ~fe dkdnelp d~ od~`modc don ò~exod~`modc imxul{

Ldxge~òa L`v mi F[D

Ldodaex Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kdo imku{ mo ~fe imccmqòa dk~`y`~è{ dkkmxnòa ~m

~fe {`~ud~`modc xetu`xeleo~{ ò ~fe ldxge~/ F[D ldòcp imku{e{ mo ixu`~iuc don xe{uc~

mxèo~en ldxge~òa dk~`y`~è{ qf`kf ldp hxòa fdon{mle xeyeoue{ d{ qecc d{ eofdoke

`~{ ammnq`cc/ Imccmqòa dxe ~fe imux Z{ mo qf`kf LXN imku{e{ ixml dkdnelp zmò~ mi

yèq/ F[D imku{e{ mo ~fe ev`{~òa don iu~uxe ldxge~ oeen{ don ~feo dkkmxnòacp

ney`{e ~fe`x zxmnuk~/ ^fep kmo{`nex hm~f ~fe kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ d~ ~fe {dle

~`le/

Kmxe zxmnuk~{

^fe kmxe zxmnuk~ miiexen hp ~fe dkdnelp `{ ~fe Ld{~ex{ ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f zxmaxdlle/

@~ òkcune{ kmxe don ecek~`ye kmux{e{ imx {~uneo~{ q`~f {zek`dc`ren ò~exe{~{/ ^fe

kuxx`kucul kmyex{ imccmqòa dxed{

Ez`nel`mcmap don H`m{~d~`{~`k{

Xezxmnuk~`ye don kf`cn Fedc~f

Kmlluo`~p fedc~f don fedc~f {p{~el{

[mk`dc don hefdy`mxdc [kèoke{



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Eoy`xmoleo~dc don mkkuzd~`modc Fedc~f

Iècn zxmbek~ q`~f n`{{ex~d~`mo

M~fex luc~`n`{k`zcòdxp kmux{e{

Aeoex`k zxmnuk~{

Imccmqòa dxe ~fe aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ qf`kf qexe kmo{`nexen xàf~ ixml ~fe {~dx~ mi ~fe

i`x{~ zfd{e/ ^fe{e zfd{e{ qexe {ecek~en mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe zxmzm{en tudc`~p FX

qmxgimxke/

d) Xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~dokp

F[D ò`~`d~en xe{edxkf zxmbek~{ don ~dge{ mo kmo{uc~dokp d{{àoleo~{ ~fd~ dxe n`xek~cp

xecd~en ~m `~{ dxed mi evzex~`{e/ ^fe kmxe {uhbek~{ ò qf`kf F[D miiex{ kmo{uc~dokp mx

zeximxl xe{edxkf dk~`y`~è{ òkcune

Fedc~f zcdooòa don iòdokòa

Fedc~f zmc`kp {p{~el dodcp{`{

Eydcud~`mo mi zxmbek~ zxmaxdl

Dzzcèn ez`nel`mcmap don n`{ed{e kmo~xmc

Xezxmnuk~`ye don kf`cn fedc~f

h) [fmx~ kmux{e{# ~xdòòa {e{{`mo{ don qmxg{fmz{

[fmx~ kmux{e{# ~xdòòa {e{{`mo{ don qmxg{fmz{ dxe do `lzmx~do~ kmlzmoeo~ imx F[D

xeyeoue òicmq/ Kmo{`nexdhce neldon ev`{~{ ò ~fe ldxge~ imx ~fe imccmqòa ~mz`k{

qf`kf F[D fd{ miiexen

Fedc~f kdxe iòdokòa



37/72

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N`{~x`k~ fedc~f zcdooòa don ldodaeleo~

Fm{z`~dc ldodaeleo~

Mkkuzd~`modc don eoy`xmoleo~dc fedc~f

Fedc~f zmc`kp don zcdooòa

Dzzcèn ou~x`~`mo

Len`kdc do~fxmzmcmap don tudc`~d~`ye xe{edxkf le~fmn{

Zxmbek~ neyecmzleo~ don zxmzm{dc qx`~òa

^fe ldbmx`~p mi ~fe {fmx~ kmux{e{ dxe fecn imx ~fe zex`mn mi ~qm qeeg{ mocp/

Zx`ke

F[D fd{ {e~ ~fe zx`ke mi ~fe ydx`mu{ zxmnuk~{ c`ge LZF kmux{e# ~xdòòa {e{{`mo{#

{elòdx{ don kmo{uc~dokp {exy`ke{ mo ~fe hd{`{ mi kfdxae ldne hp ~fe kmlze~`~mx{

don ~fe zd{~ ~xeon{ d~ F[D/

^fe zx`ke{ dxe bunaen hp ~fe neldon don {uzzcp zxòk`zce/ @o`~`dccp ~fe {uzzcp mi kmxe

zxmnuk~ `/e/ LZF `{ qd{ om~ eomuaf ~m lee~ ~fe neldon d~ ~fd~ ~`le/ ^fe {~xeoa~f mi

~fe {~uneo~{ imx LZF zxmaxdlle qd{ òkxed{en zex`mn`kdccp ixml 8> ò zfd{e moe ~m

1: ò zfd{e ~fxee nue ~m fàf neldon mi LZF ò ~fe kuxxeo~ ldxge~/ ^fexe qexe d

oulhex mi xed{mo{ ~m dnbu{~ zx`ke mi zxmnuk~{ mi dkdnelp/ F[D kmo{`nexen ~fe

òkxeleo~dc zx`ke mi LZF ò ~fe kmo~ev~ mi fm{~ec idk`c`~p &hm~f hdkfecmx don idl`cè{)

d{ {~uneo~{ fdye ~m zdp kmlzdxd~`yecp cmq evzeo{e{ ò ~exl{ mi hmdxnòa don cmnaòa

idk`c`~è{ d~ ~fe dkdnelp/ ^f`{ dxauleo~ qd{ {uzzmx~en hp ~fe idk~ ~fd~ d kmo{`nexdhce

zmx~`mo mi ~fe {~uneo~{ mi LZF kmle ixml mu~{~d~`mo zcdke{/



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Lm{~ mi ~fe {~uneo~{ imx ~fe kmxe zxmnuk~ dxe ~fe LHH[ zex{mo{ elzcmpen d~ ydx`mu{

zuhc`k don zx`yd~e mxado`rd~`mo{/ Dc{m ~fe`x dyexdae dae `{ ;5 pedx{ don fdye {uii`kèo~

zuxkfd{òa zmqex{ ~m lee~ ~fe km{~{ d{{mk`d~en q`~f ~fe zxmnuk~{/

^fexe `{ do òkeo~`ye imx zex{mo{ nmòa LZF ixml ~fe dkdnelp ~m hekmle idkuc~p

lelhex{ cd~ex mo/ ^fm{e idkuc~p lelhex{ dc{m fdye hxàf~ kfdoke{ ~m dyd`c ~fe

mzzmx~uo`~p imx iux~fex ~xdòòa don neyecmzleo~ ixee mi km{~/ [m `~ kdo he moe mi ~fe

ldop xed{mo{ hefòn ~fe òkxed{òa zx`ke mi ~fe zxmnuk~{/

[eyexdc neyecmzleo~dc mxado`rd~`mo{ dc{m miiex ieccmq{f`z zxmaxdlle{ mo lex`~ don

mo oeen hd{`{

Zcdke

F[D kmlzxefeo{`yecp kmo{`nexen ~fe kc eo~ece imx kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{/

Dkkmxnòa ~m ~fe xetu`xeleo~{ mi ~fe ydx`mu{ ku{~mlex{ mi n`yex{ìèn od~uxe F[D fd{

nìiexeo~`d~en kcèo~{ imx kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ d{ imccmq{

Kcèo~{ imx ~fe kmxe zxmnuk~{

^fe{e dxe zfp{`k`do don m~fex axdnud~e{ zm{{e{{òa ~fe LHH[ mx HN[ mx H[Koux{òa mx Ld{~ex{ neaxee ò Do~fxmzmcmap# [mk`mcmap# [~d~`{~`k{# Ekmoml`k{# Fuldo

Ou~x`~`mo# L`kxmh`mcmap don Hu{òe{{ Dnlò`{~xd~`mo/ ^fe{e {~uneo~{ fdye d~ ced{~

~fxee pedx{ iucc ~`le qmxgòa evzexèoke ò fedc~f xecd~en iècn{# e`~fex ò zuhc`k mx

zx`yd~e {ek~mx don dxlen imxke{ qf`kf dxe d{ imccmq{2

Qmxgòa ò d Lò`{~xp mx Nezdx~leo~ mi Fedc~f don zmzucd~`mo qecidxe òkcunòa

êdkfòa don xe{edxkf ò{~`~u~`mo{

Zx`yd~e don omoamyexoleo~dc {ek~mx{

Zuhc`k fedc~f evzexèoke ò dxlen imxke{ len`kdc {exy`ke{



39/72

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F[D `{ dk~`ye ~mae~fex q`~f `~{ zdx~oex{ ixml ~fe Zuhc`k Fedc~f enukd~`mo ~m zxmy`ne ~fe

`ned ~fd~ zm{~ axdnud~e ~xdòòa {fmucn he ldne kmlzuc{mxp imx l`nnce don {eo`mx

ceyec zuhc`k fedc~f zfp{`k`do{/

Kcèo~{ imx aeoex`k zxmnuk~{

Aeoex`k zxmnuk~ kmlzx`{e{ mi kmo{uc~dokp dn xe{edxkf zxmbek~{# ~xdòòa zxmaxdlle{

don qmxg{fmz{/ Imccmqòa kc eo~{ kdo he ~dxae~en ò ydx mu{ {ek~mx{ imx aeoex k

zxmnuk~{

Zuhc`k {ek~mx

Neyecmzleo~ daeokè{

Aexldo êkfo`kdc Kmmzexd~`mo &A^R)

Uo`~en Od~`mo{ Zmzucd~`mo Iuon{ &UOIZD)

Qmxcn Fedc~f Mxado`rd~`mo &QFM)

Kdodn`do @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~ Daeokp &K@ND)

Uo`~en [~d~en Daeokp imx @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~ &U[D@N)

Nezdx~leo~ mi @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~

D{`do Neyecmzleo~ Hdog &DNH)

Qmxcn Hdog

Kmll`{{`mo mi Euxmzedo Kmlluo`~p,Euxmzedo Uo`mo

[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo

Bdzdoe{e @o~exod~`modc Kmmzexd~`mo Daeokp &B@KD)



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Xe{edxkf ò{~`~u~`mo{ cmkdc don @o~exod~`modc

Zxmlm~`mo

F[D dodcpren ~fe eiiek~`yeoe{{ mi dc~exod~`ye zxmlm~`modc dk~`y`~è{ imx ev`{~òa don

oeq zxmnuk~{ d~ dkdnelp/ F[D fd{ imku{en mo kcèo~ece imx hm~f kmxe don aeoex`k

zxmnuk~{ {`luc~doemu{cp don fd{ imku{en mo ~fe imccmqòa {àoì`kdo~ idk~mx{ ò ~f`{

xeadxn/

4) F[D fd{ neyecmzen don Dculo` D{{mk`d~`mo imx ~fe dkdnelp/ LXN kdo zeximxl

~f`{ iuok~`mo ~m ldò~dò do uz ~m nd~e# nd~dhdog kmlzx`{òa odle{# eld`c{# kmo~dk~oulhex{# dnnxe{{e{# {e{{`mo{ don kmux{e{ d~~eonen d~ dkdnelp e~k/ @~ kdo fecz ò

kmo{`nexdhce xeyeoue aeoexd~`mo d{ zxmlm~`modc ld~ex`dc{ kdo he ld`cen ò ~fe imxl mi

{mi~ don fdxn kmzè{ ~m dculo` dhmu~ kuxxeo~ don iu~uxe dk~`y`~è{ mi ~fe dkdnelp d{

dclm{~ dcc ~fe dculo` fmcn ammn zm{`~`mo{ ò ~fe mxado`rd~`mo{ hm~f &Zuhc`k don Zx`yd~e)

fdyòa zxòk`zdc dk~`y`~è{ kmyexen uonex ~fe LZF zxmaxdlle# ~fep kdo zxmye ~m he

gep kcèo~ece aeoexd~mx/

8) D{ ~fe ldv`lul oulhex mi {~uneo~{ hecmoa ~m ~fe len`kdc zxmie{{`mo# zex`mn`k

dnyex~`{eleo~ `{ ldne ò ~mz Eoac`{f oeq{zdzex{# bmuxodc{ don zex`mn`kdc{ mi Zdg`{~do

Len`kdc don Neo~dc Kmuok`c ZLNK# Zdg`{~do Len`kdc don Xe{edxkf Kmuok`c ZLXK

don m~fex lm{~ q`necp {~unèn len`kdc ld~ex`dc{/ ^fe dnyex~`{eleo~ zmx~xdp{ ~fe

`lzmx~doke mi LZF d~ ~fe od~`modc don cmkdc ceyec# don ~fe heoei`~{ `~ kdo zxmy`ne ~m

~fe {~uneo~{/ ^fe heoei`~{ zmx~xdpen òkcune dculo` nd~d xeadxnòa elzcmpleo~ ò ~mz

mxado`rd~`mo{# zxmlm~`mo{ ò kd{e mi k`y`c {exydo~{# elzcmpleo~ miiexen d~ F[D#

~xdòòa don neyecmzleo~ òkcunòa imxeào enukd~`mo# d{{mk`d~ mo q`~f ydx`mu{neyecmzleo~ daeokè{/

;) Neyecmzleo~ daeokè{ don ò~exod~`modc uo`yex{`~è{ nue ~m ~fe`x cògdae{ dc{m ldge

uz ammn {muxke mi hxòaòa oeq hu{òe{{ imx ~fe dkdnelp



41/72

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F[D `{ ~fe òomyd~mx/ ^f`{ ò{~`~u~e `{ moe mi d gòn ò{~`~u~e ~fd~ miiex{ Ld{~ex{ mi

[kèoke{ ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f &L[ZF) don ~fe zxmaxdlle qf`kf `{ {~dx~òa ò [ez~elhex

kdccen ~fe Ld{~ex{ mi [kèoke{ ò Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~ &L[FEL) `{

heòa ò~xmnuken imx ~fe i`x{~ ~`le ò Zdg`{~do/

F[D nme{ om~ fdye dop kmlze~`~mx ò ~fe ldxge~ ~m kmlze~e q`~f/ Hu~ {~`cc ~fe {~xd~eap

~fd~ F[D dnmz~{ `{ ~fd~ `~ dcqdp{ nìiexeo~`d~e{ `~{eci ixml zm~eo~`dc kmlze~`~mx{ mo ~fe

hd{`{ mi `~{ ldozmqex `/e/ `~{ tudcìèn don evzexèoken idkuc~p/ F[D fd{ d hecèi ~fd~ ì

`~ fd{ d fàf tudc`~p qmxgimxke ~feo om m~fex ò{~`~u~e kdo kfdcceoae `~{ zm{`~`mo/ ^fe

oe~qmxg ~fd~ F[D fd{ hu`c~ imx ~fe evkfdoae mi idkuc~p don {~uneo~{ `{ dc{m moe mi `~{

kmlze~`~ ye enae{/ ^fe evkfdoae mi idkuc~p don {~uneo~ ~dge{ zcdke q`~f ~fe

Uo`yex{`~p mi C`yexzmmc# Tueeo Ldxadxxe~~e Uo`yex{`~p e~k

OEQ @o`~`d~`ye{

F[D fd{ ~dgeo ldop oeq ò`~`d~`ye{ qf`kf òkcune ~fe cduokfòa mi2

Ld{~ex{ mi {kèoke{ ò Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~

Zm{~ Axdnud~e N`zcmld LENYK

ZFEO

LZF Eyeoòa Zxmaxdl &4 pedx)

@o~exdk~`mo q`~f elòeo~ zex{modc`~è{ ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f

[~uneo~ [uzzmx~

Iòdok`dc {uzzmx~ &Dqdxn mi [kfmcdx{f`z)

@^ {uzzmx~



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F[D fd{ miiexen cdz~mz{ ~m L[ZF {~uneo~{ mo diimxndhce ò{~dccleo~{ don zcdo{ ~m

iux~fex hxmdneo ~fe {kmze

^fe Hu{òe{{ Zxmke{{ mi F[D nezeon{ 6:% mo ~fe iuon{ mi Nmomx{ don 8:% mo ~fe

iuon{ zxmy`nen hp Amyexoleo~// ^fe iuon{ axdo~en hp ~fe Amyexoleo~ am ò~m ~fe

d{{àoleo~ dkkmuo~ don ~fe iuon{ a`yeo hp ~fe Nmomx{ am ò~m ~fe kuxxeo~ dkkmuo~/

Zxmke{{

Dnyex~`{eleo~ hp ~fe Nmomx{

Nmomx a`ye{ do dnyex~`{eleo~ ò ~fe oeq{zdzex ~fd~ ~fep fdye iuon{ dyd`cdhce imx {dp

Fuldo Xe{muxke Fedc~f mx dop {fmx~ kmux{e don xetue{~ ~fe zxmzm{dc/

Icmd~d~`mo mi zxmzm{dc

Di~ex ~fe dnyex~ {eleo~# ~fe Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kecc mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{

Dkdnelp icmd~{ `~{ zxmzm{dc/ ^fe zxmzm{dc kmo~dò{ ~fe zxmzm{en dk~`y`~è{ ~fd~ `~ q`cc

kdxxp mu~/ ì ~fe Nmomx c`ge{ ~fe zxmzm{dc fe dkkez~{ `~/

Dkkez~doke mi zxmzm{dc

Qfeo ~fe zxmzm{dc `{ dkkez~en# ~fe daxeeleo~ `{ {àoen he~qeeo ~fe Nmomx don F[D/

^fe daxeeleo~{ dxe om~ mi moe gòn/ F[D e`~fex ae~{ ò~m d {`lzce daxeeleo~ mx `~

{ào{ do DZQ qf`kf `{ ~fe Dooudc Zcdo imx Qmxg/ @o Dooudc Zcdo imx Qmxg F[D fd{ ~m

ldge ~fe dooudc zcdo imx ~fe zxmbek~ ~fd~ `~ fd{ qmo don zxe{eo~ `~ ~m ~fe Nmomx/

M~fex gòn{ mi daxeeleo~ ~fd~ dxe {àoen he~qeeo ~fe Nmomx{ don F[D dxe kmo~xdk~{/

^fe{e kmo~xdk~{ dxe imx d ~`le zex`mn c`ge ~fxee mi i`ye pedx{/ ^feo ~fexe `{

Lelmxdonul mi Uonex{~donòa/ @i LMU `{ {àoen q`~f dop nmomx ~fd~ ledo{ ~fd~ `~ `{

imx cìe~`le/ ^f`{ dc{m nezeon{ mo ~fe gòn mi dk~`y`~p/ Qfeo ~fexe dxe zxmbek~{# ~fe ~`le

c`l`~ `{ `neo~ìèn {m ~fe kmo~xdk~ `{ {àoen/ ^fexe dxe dc{m lmo~fcp dk~`y`~è{ ~fd~ dxe

iuonen hp ~fe nmomx{/



43/72

18

Zxezdxd~`mo mi hunae~

F[D ldge{ d hunae~ mi dcc ~fe dk~`y`~è{ don a`ye{ `~ ~m ~fe nmomx

U~`c`rd~`mo mi xe{muxke{

^fe dk~`y`~ e{ leo~`moen ò ~fe zxmzm{dc do heòa daxeen uzmo di~ex qòoòa ~fe

zxmzm{dc dxe zeximxlen/ ^fe nmomx e`~fex a`ye{ ~fe qfmce dlmuo~ d~ ~fe {~dx~ mi ~fe

zxmbek~ mx a`ye{ d zexkeo~dae mi ~fe dlmuo~ d~ ~fe {~dx~ don ~feo a`ye{ ~fe xeldòòa

dlmuo~ di~ex ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~e/ Mx `~ dc{m d{g{ F[D ~m kmlzce~e ~fe qfmce

zxmbek~ ixml `~{ mqo xe{muxke{ don qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~e# `~ xe`lhux{e{ ~fd~

dlmuo~/

Xezmx~òa ~m Nmomx{

Dadò ~fe qdp mi xezmx~òa ~m nìiexeo~ nmomx{ `{ nìiexeo~/ ^m {mle nmomx{ F[D fd{ ~m

xezmx~ mocp qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~en/ ^m m~fex{# F[D fd{ ~m xezmx~ d~ edkf {~ez mi

~fe zxmbek~ don ~feo fd{ ~m {uhl`~ d iòdc xezmx~ d~ ~fe eon mi ~fe zxmbek~ mx pedx/

Xeke`yòa zdpleo~

F[D xeke`ye{ ~fe dlmuo~ daxeen uzmo qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~en/ @~ ldge{ ~fe

~dhce mi ~fe òicmq don mu~icmq mi iuon{/ @i ~fe òicmq `{ lmxe ~fdo ~fe mu~icmq ~feo ~fexe

`{ d {dyòa ~fd~ ame{ ~m F[D{ dkkmuo~/

Mo ~fe m~fex fdon ì mu~icmq `{ lmxe ~fdo ~fe òicmq ~feo ~fe nmomx `{ om~ amòa ~m zdp

lmxe ~fdo ~fe dlmuo~ daxeen uzmo ò ~fe daxeeleo~/



44/72

18

^fexe ev`{~ kex~dò zcu{ don oead~`ye zmò~{ xecd~en ~m F[D qf`kf fdye heeo

fàfcàf~en ò ne~d`c fexe/

[~xeoa~f{

FD[ `{ d i`x{~ ò{~`~u~e ~fd~ `{ miiexòa Ld{~ex{ mi [kèoke ò Zuhc`k fedc~f &L[ZF)/ ^f`{

a`ye{ ~fe dkdnelp lmxe qmx~f d{ `~ fd{ e{~dhc`{fen ~fe {~dondxn don xekmao`~`mo mi

heòa ~fe i`x{~ ò{~`~u~e ~m miiex ~f`{ kmux{e don ldop m~fex zxmaxdl{

F[D fd{ d ammn dkdnel`k {uzzmx~ don xezu~d~`mo ò ~fe kmuo~xp/ ^fe LZF &Ld{~ex{

mi Zuhc`k Fedc~f) zxmaxdlle miiexen hp ~fe dkdnelp fd{ kmo{`nexdhce neldon ò ~fe

kmuo~xp/

^fe {~uneo~{ mi F[D kmle{ ixml y`x~udccp dcc ldbmx zdx~{ mi ~fe kmuo~xp don di~ex

~dgòa ~f`{ kmux{e ldge ydcudhce kmo~x`hu~`mo ~m ~fe`x cmkdc dxed{

F[D fd{ {ukke{{iuc dculo` ~fd~ dxe elzcmpen ò zxe{~à`mu{ ò{~`~u~`mo{/

^fe Amyexoleo~ mi Zdg`{~do xedc`re{ ~fe zm~eo~`dc heoei`~{ mi F[D don d{ d xe{uc~ fd{

heeo zxmy`nòa iòdok`dc don omo iòdok`dc d{{`{~doke/

F[D heòa moe mi ~fe zxelèx ò{~`~u~`mo{ ò zuhc`k fedc~f fd{ {~xmoa ò{~`~u~`modc còg{/

F[D fd{ ~xdòen lmxe ~fdo ;::: zxmie{{`modc{ hp y`x~ue mi {fmx~ kmux{e{/

Neyecmzleo~ daeokè{ fdye geeo ò~exe{~ ò òye{~òa ~mqdxn{ he~~exleo~ mi F[D/

F[D fd{ zxmy`nen xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~dokp zxmbek~{ q`~f d {uh{~do~`ye {uzzmx~ mi

neyecmzleo~ zdx~oex{ {zek`dccp A^R# U[D@N don Ad~e ò{~`~u~e/



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Moe mi ~fe ldò xed{mo{ mi xezu~d~`mo mi zxmaxdlle{ miiexen hp F[D `{ ~fe {ecek~`mo

zxmke{{ mi {~uneo~{/ Xàf~ ixml ~fe i`x{~ hd~kf ~fexe `{ {~xmoa imku{ mo lex`~ hd{en

{ecek~`mo {m tudc`~p `{ eo{uxen/

F[D { dii`c`d~en q`~f ldop xezu~dhce o{~`~u~`mo{ c`ge Tud`n @ Drdl Uo`yex{`~p# Od~`modc

Uo`yex{`~p mi [kèoke don êkfomcmap don Zdg`{~do Len`kdc don Neo~dc Kmuok`c/ @~ `{

dc{m moe mi ~fe ldop xed{mo{ mi ammnq`cc don kxen`h`c`~p mi ~fe zxmaxdlle{ miiexen hp

F[D qf`kf dxe {~`cc xd~en fàfex ~5fdo ldop mi ~fe ev`{~òa ò{~`~u~e{ zxmy`nòa {dle

neaxee/

^fe dkdnelp fd{ d yexp tudcìèn idkuc~p/ Dcc mi ~fe ò{~xuk~mx{ ~edkfòa ~fexe dxe

fàfcp tudcìèn zemzce qfm dxe yexp evzex~ ò ~fe`x iècn{/ Dclm{~ dcc mi ~fel dxe

neaxee fmcnex{ mi imxeào ò{~`~u~e{/ Lmxemyex F[D dc{m {eon{ `~{ idkuc~p ~m ~xdòòa

don qmxg{fmz{ dhxmdn imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi kdzdk`~p hu`cnòa mi FD[/ ^fe{e zemzce ~feo

q`~f ~fe`x `lzxmyen gomqcenae# {g`cc{ don d~~`~une{ zxmye ~m he ~fe {~xeoa~f mi F[D/

[~xeoa~f mi F[D `{ ~fe myex{eeòa mi ~fe mzexd~`mo{ mi F[D hp U[D@N don A^R/

U[D@N don A^R hm~f dxe ~fe nmomx{ qfm a`ye iuon{ ~m FD[/ ^m ldge {uxe ~fd~ ~fe

iuon{ dxe mz~`ldccp u~`c`ren# ~fep geez d cmmg d~ F[D{ mzexd~`mo{/ ^f`{ ldge{ ~fe

ldodaeleo~ mi FD[ qmxg lmxe eii`kèo~cp don eiiek~`yecp/

Qedgoe{{e{

^fexe `{ om zxmzex FX nezdx~leo~ ò F[D/ ^fe qmxg qf`kf `{ omxldccp ~fe {mce

xe{zmo{`h`c`~p mi ~fe FX nezdx~leo~ ò ~fe mxado`rd~`mo{ `{ necead~en ~m dnlò`{~xd~`mo

nezdx~leo~/ ^fe dnlò`{~xd~`mo nezdx~leo~ dcxednp fd{ `~{ mqo qmxg {m `~ kdoom~

fdonce ~fe zex{mooec ld~~ex{ ~fe qdp do FX nezdx~leo~ kdo/ Eyeo ae~~òa ~fe

zex{modc xekmxn{ mi ~fe elzcmpee{ ixml dnlò`{~xd~`mo nezdx~leo~ ~mmg le {m cmoa ~muznd~e ~fe xekmxn{ mi ~fe elzcmpee{ imx ~fe cd{~ ~fxee pedx{/ Xekxu`~leo~# {ecek~`mo#

~xdòòa{ don dzzxd`{dc kdo he d qdp lmxe eiiek~ ye ì F[D fd{ `~{ mqo FX

nezdx~leo~/



46/72


47/72

18

@o ~fe 9~f HMA lee~òa F[D fd{ nek`nen ~m hu`cn don dkdnel`k hcmkg don cd~ex mo

~f`{ dkdnel`k hcmkg q`cc he a`yeo ~fe {~d~u{ mi d uo`yex{`~p/ F[D `{ qecc gomqo

ò{~`~u~`mo ò Zuhc`k Fedc~f iècn don ì `~ `{ a`yeo ~fe {~d~u{ mi ~fe uo`yex{`~p# ~f`{ q`cc he

moe mi d gòn ~fd~ `{ miiexòa dcc ~fe{e dnydoken kmux{e{/ ^fe Uo`yex{`~p q`cc he a`yeo

~fe odle OUZF[ `/e/ Od~`modc Uo`yex{`~p mi Zuhc`k Fedc~f [kèoke{/

^fexe `{ d nezdx~leo~ mx d hcmkg kdccen LENYK Len`kdc Eo~mlmcmap don N`{ed{e

Yek~mx Kmo~xmc/ ^f`{ nezdx~leo~ `{ nmòa xe{edxkf mo neoaue c`ge fmq `~ kdo he

fdlzexen ixml {zxednòa/ ^fe amdc mi ~f`{ ~xdòòa zxmaxdl `{ ~m i`cc ~fe adz mi ~xdòen

ldozmqex ò ~fe dxed mi LENYK/ Axdnud~e{ ixml ~f`{ kmux{e q`cc ò`~`dccp am ò~m

mzexd~`modc n`{ed{e yek~mx kmo~xmc zxmaxdlle{ ò Zdg`{~do d~ edkf N`{~x`k~ ceyec/ ^f`{

kxed~e{ do mzzmx~uo`~p imx F[D d{ `~ q`cc zcdp d ldbmx xmce ò kmo~xmccòa {ukf n`{ed{e{ò Zdg`{~do/

^fe IND &Iècn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed) qf`kf qd{ zxey`mu{cp e{~dhc`{fen ò Gmxdc don

omq ò Ldonxd imx xe{edxkf zuxzm{e `{ lmo`~mxen hp zm{~ axdnud~e fàfcp tudcìèn

{~uneo~{ qfm y`{`~ IND imx ~fe`x xe{edxkf qmxg/ ^fe{e {~uneo~{ dxe mux ev~xd ldo

zmqex ~m qfml qe zxmy`ne iècn ~xdòòa don u~`c`re ~fel imx lmo`~mxòa don eydcud~`mo

zuxzm{e{/ ^f`{ kdo he do mzzmx~uo`~p hekdu{e `~ q`cc ae~ F[D d xeyeoue {~xedl/^fe

Ku~~òa Enae Xe{edxkf heòa kdxxèn mu~ d~ F[D `{ dc{m do mzzmx~uo`~p qf`kf `{ heòa

evzcm`~en d~ F[D don F[D fmze{ ~m heoei`~ ixml ~f`{ xe{edxkf/

^fxed~{

F[D fd{ xekeo~cp {eo~ ldop mi ~fe fàfcp tudcìèn idkuc~p lelhex{ dhxmdn imx ZfN

don m~fex ~xdòòa zxmaxdlle{/ ^f`{ ldp kxed~e d ~elzmxdxp {fmx~dae mi tudcìèn

idkuc~p lelhex{ qf`kf dxe dcxednp ce{{ ò oulhex/ Lmxemyex d{ ~fe L[FEL kmux{e `{

{~dx~òa# ~edkfex{ c`ge Nx/ Dlbdn `{ oeenen qfm fd{ xekeo~cp amoe ~m UG ~m nm ZfN/

F[D xecè{ mo ~fe iuon{ ixml ~fe amyexoleo~ don ò~exod~`modc mxado`rd~`mo{/ D{

xekeo~cp fdzzeoen ò F[D ~fd~ U[D@N {e`ren `~{ iuon{ imx ~fe kmlòa 9 lmo~f{ don `~

kxed~en iòdok`dc zxmhcel{ imx F[D/ [m lukf ~fd~ F[D fdn ~m dnmz~ {mle ekmomlp



48/72

18

led{uxe{/ [m F[D dcqdp{ hedx{ d ~fxed~ mi {fmx~dae mi iuon{ ì `~ nme{ om~ qmxg uz ~m

~fe ldxg mx nm om~ u~`c`re ~fe iuon{ zxmzexcp &d{ fdzzeoen ò ~fe kd{e mi U[D@N ~fd~

~fe iòdoke nez~ n`n om~ iuci`cc ~fe`x xetu`xeleo~)/

Nu~è{2

4/ Zxezdxd~`mo mi daeond2

@ qd{ a`yeo ~fe d{{àoleo~ ~m zxezdxe ~fe daeond imx ~fe 9~f lee~òa mi ~fe hma/ ^fe

daeond kmo~dò{ ~fe `~el{ ~m he n`{ku{{en ò ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe HMA/ @ zxezdxen ~fe

daeond imx ~fe 9~f lee~òa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ @ qd{ d{{àoen ~f`{ ~d{g d{ `

fdn ~fe `ned d{ ~m fmq ~fe daeond{ don ~fe qmxgòa zdzex{ dxe ldne/ ` am~ ~f`{ `ned

qf`ce ldgòa ~fe ld~x`ke{/ ^f`{ `{ hekdu{e ~m ldge d {òace d ~dhce @ fdn ~m am

~fxmuaf {m ldop nmkuleo~{ d{ @ fdye qx`~~eo heimxe/

8/ Xey`{`mo mi daeond{2

^fe daeond qd{ xey`{en ldop ~`le{ heimxe d iòdc daeond qd{ iòdc`ren/ ^fe`x mxnex{

qexe kfdoaen/ ^fe daeond `~el{ qexe dnnen don {uh~xdk~en/ ^fe lmnì`kd~`mo{

kmo~òuen ~`cc 4{~ mi Bucp/ ^fe zxmkenuxe{ mi ~fe mii`ke dxe ~fd~ eyexp~fòa `{ dzzxmyen

hp ~fe n`xek~mx i`x{~/ d iòdc daeond qd{ nxdi~en eyeo heimxe ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee

lee~òa/ Hu~ di~ex ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee# ~fe daeond qd{ xey`{en

moke dadò d{ ~fe kmll`~~ee nek`nen ~fd~ ~fe daeond q`cc he d zxek`{e don d kmok`{e

moe/

;/ Eveku~`ye {ulldxp2

^fe eveku~`ye {ulldxp qd{ d nmkuleo~ qx`~~eo ~fd~ qd{ {uzzm{en ~m he d~~dkfen

q`~f dcc mi ~fe òy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{/ ^f`{ {ulldxp ò~xmnuken F[D ~m ~fe òy`~ee{ don adye

d hxèi myexyèq mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ Lmxemyex ` fdn ~m qx`~e dhmu~ ~fe zxmaxdlle{

heòa miiexen ò F[D don {mle m~fex ne~d`c{ dhmu~ F[D/

>/ Kmlzm{`~`mo mi hma o ~fe`x xmce{2



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@ qd{ a`yeo d nu~p ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe oulhex don ne{àod~`mo{ mi ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe

Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ ` ~xèn nmòa `~ ò d nìiexeo~ qdp hp ldgòa d ~dhce leo~`moòa ~fe

oulhex{# ne{àod~`mo{# don ~fe ~pze mi lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/

5/ Ld~x`ke{2

^fe i`x{~ nu~p d{{àoen ~m le qd{ ~m am ~fxmuaf ~fe ld~x`ke{ don ~fe qmxgòa zdzex{

mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~òa{ don ~feo ldge ~fe ld~x`v mi ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe

5~f lee~òa mi ~fe HmA/ @ n`n d{ @ qd{ n`xek~en/ Di~ex Lx/ G`pdo` kfekgen `~# fe c`gen `~

don d{gen le ~m ldge ~fe ld~x`ke{ mi ~fe daeond `~el{# ~fe nek`{`mo ~dgeo don ~fe

`lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi dcc mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~òa{ mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/

Q`~f ~f`{ kdle ~fe dnn`~`modc nu~è{ ~fd~ qexe d{{àoen ~m le/ ^fm{e nu~è{ òkcunen

Ldò~eodoke mi xekmxn{

Iònòa ~fe l`{zcdken i`ce{

Dxxdoaòa ~fe xekmxn{

Y`{`~òa nìiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{ ~m òtu`xe dhmu~ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe

nìiexeo~ nek`{`mo{

9/ Qmxgòa zdzex2

@ qd{ d{gen ~m ldge d nxdi~ mi ~fe qmxgòa zdzex{ ixml ~fe daeond `~el{/ ^f`{ nu~p

qd{ d{{àoen ~m le hp Lx/ G`pdo` qfm `{ ~fe d{{`{~do~ n`xek~mx/ @ n`n d{ @ qd{ n`xek~en/

@ fdn ~m xeiex ~m ~fe zxey`mu{ qmxgòa zdzex{ imx fecz/ @ n`n ~fe {dle/ Hu~ Lx/ G`pdo`

d{{`{~en le ~fxmuafmu~ don feczen le qfeoeyex @ idken dop zxmhcel/

Eyeo fexe @ dnmz~en ~fe {dle imxld~ @ dnmz~en imx neyecmzòa ~fe ld~x`ke{ don ~fe

kmlzm{`~`mo mi ~fe Hmdxn lelhex{/ DN don ~fe N`xek~mx c`gen lp qmxg don d{gen le

~m kmo~òue don ldge ~fe Iòdc nxdi~ mi ~fe qmxgòa zdzex{/

1/ Dxxdoaòa ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe kmll`~~ee don ~fe Lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe

eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee2

Dom~fex nu~p d{{àoen ~m le qd{ ~m dxxdoae d lee~òa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee ~m

n`{ku{{ ~fe daeond mi ~fe lee~òa/ @ òimxlen ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye

kmll`~~ee dhmu~ ~fe lee~òa don di~ex ~fe lee~òa @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe ~d{g ~m qx`~e nmqo



50/72

18

~fe lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa/ Fexe fmqeyex Lx/ G`pdo` d{{`{~en le ~fxmuafmu~ ~fe

d{{àoleo~ d{ ` n`n om~ gomq dhmu~ ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo/ ^f`{ qd{ hekdu{e @ n`n om~

fdye dop xmuaf nxdi~ mi ~fe nek`{`mo ~dgeo d~ ~fe lee~òa/

6/ @oy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{2

^fe oev~ d{{àoleo~ qd{ dc{m xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi amyexomx/ ` qd{

d{gen ~m xeiex ~m dop mi ~fe òy`~d~`mo ce~~ex mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~òa don ~feo qx`~e d

{dle ce~~ex ~m nìiexeo~ òy`~ee{/ @ n`n d{ n`xek~en don ~feo d~~dkfen d kmzp mi eveku~`ye

{ulldxp# kmlzm{`~`mo don xmce{ mi ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn# daeond q`~f edkf

ce~~ex/

0/ Imccmq uz2

Di~ex ~fe ce~~ex{ qexe {eo~ @ qd{ d{{àoen ~fe nu~p ~m imccmq uz ~fxmuaf ~fe ~ecezfmoe

don idv qf`kf @ n`n/

4:/ Dxxdoaeleo~{ imx hma2

^fe dxxdoaeleo~{ qexe ~m he ldne hp ~fe DN/ Fe necead~en {mle mi ~fe ~d{g{ ~m le/

@ fdn ~m zeximxl ~f`{ nu~p d{ qecc dcmoa q`~f nmòa ~fe m~fex ~fòa{/ @ fdye ~mcn ~fe

kmlzce~e ne~d`c ò ~fe qeegcp xezmx~ d{ ~m fmq @ dxxdoaen ~fe ~fòa{ don kmlzce~en ~f`{

uo`tue d{{àoleo~/

44/ Zxe{eo~d~`mo{2

Dom~fex nu~p don feoke d ammn kfdcceoae imx le qd{ ~m ldge d zxe{eo~d~`mo ~m he

zxe{eo~en hp ~fe n`xek~mx ò ~fe lee~òa/ @~ qd{ d kfdcceoae imx le hekdu{e ~fe

lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn qexe dcc yexp {eo`mx don evzexèoken zemzce/ Fmqeyex# @# dcmoa

q`~f Lx/ G`pdo` qd{ dhce ~m ldge `~/ ^fe zxe{eo~d~`mo qd{ zxe{eo~en ~m ~fe n`xek~mx imx

lmxe ~fdo ; ~`le{ don eyexp ~`le @ qd{ d{gen ~m lmnìp ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo/ D hà xed{mo

imx ~fe necdp ò ~fe kmlzce~`mo mi ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo qd{ ~fe omo,kmmzexd~`mo hp NN

iòdoke qfm n`n om~ zxmy`ne le q`~f ~fe iòdok`dc nd~d/

48/ Ld{~ex imcnex2

Di~ex ~fe hma lee~òa qd{ myex @ qd{ d{gen ~m ldge d ld{~ex imcnex mi ~fe Hma

lee~òa qf`kf qd{ ~m kmo~dò eyexp {òace ne~d`c xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~òa don eyexp h`~



51/72

18

mi qmxg zeximxlen imx ~fe zuxzm{e/ ^f`{ ld{~ex imcnex qd{ ~m he kfekgen don {àoen

hp ~fe Lò`{~ex mi fedc~f/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe ~d{g d{{àoen ~m le q`~f eyexp {òace ne~d`c/ @

qd{ dhce ~m nm `~ hekdu{e @ n`n dclm{~ eyexp~fòa ixml ~pzòa mi ~fe òy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{ ~m

imxlòa ~fe ld~x`ke{ ~m qx`~òa ~fe lòu~e{ e~k/ don @ qd{ geezòa ~fe kmzp mi

eyexp~fòa ò ~fe xekmxn/ ^fe mocp zxmhcel fexe ~fd~ mkkuxxen qd{ dadò hekdu{e mi

~fe iòdoke nezdx~leo~/

4;/ Lòu~e{ mi ~fe HmA lee~òa2

Di~ex ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe HmA# d xmuaf nxdi~ mi ~fe lòu~e{ mi ~f`{ lee~òa qd{ a`yeo ~m

le hp Lx/ G`pdo` don fe d{gen le ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe lòu~e{/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe

d{{àoleo~ q`~fò ~qm ndp{ hp u{òa ~fe qmxgòa zdzex{ qe ldne imx ~fe lee~òa/ @

kmlzce~en ~fe d{{àoleo~ ò ~fe qdp ~fd~ {u`~en le ~fe lm{~ don `~ qd{ òneen qecc

dzzxek`d~en hp ~fe n`xek~mx don Lx/ G`pdo`/

4>/ C`hxdxp2

@ qd{ d{gen ~m {`~ ò c`hxdxp imx 8 ~m ; ndp{/ Nuxòa ~fe{e ndp{ ~fe nu~è{ d{{àoen ~m

le qexe nìiexeo~/ @o`~`dccp @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p ~m kfekg ì dophmnp fd{ om~

zxmzexcp {fecyen ~fe hmmg{ don ~feo ~m zu~ ~fel ò ~fe {fecye{ dkkmxnòa ~m ~fe`x

oulhex{/ @ dc{m ~xèn ~m kmxxek~ ~fe mxnex mi ~fe hmmg{ dcxednp {fecyen dkkmxnòa ~m

~fe`x oulhex{/ @ qd{ ~mcn fmq ~fe nd~dhd{e ò ~fe c`hxdxp qmxg{/ @ am~ do `ned mi fmq ~m

eo~ex ~fe ne~d`c{ mi ~fe hmmg{ ~fd~ qexe `{{uen mx xe~uxoen/ @ qmxgen d{ ò d c`hxdx`do

uonex ~fe au`ndoke mi L`{{ D{fìd Pdtmmh &c`hxdx`do)/ Dom~fex nu~p d{{àoen ~m le ò

~fe c`hxdxp qd{ ~m qx`~e nmqo {mle mi ~fe xuce{ ~fd~ {fmucn he imccmqen ò ~fe c`hxdxp/

45/ Y`{`~ ~m ~fe Ndpkdxe Keo~xe2

Moe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p d{{àoen ~m le qd{ ~m y`{`~ ~fe ndp kdxe keo~ex ~m kfekg ì ~fe

~fòa{ qexe dcxàf~ imx ~fe g`n{ mx ì ~fexe `{ {mle {muaf~ mi kcedocòe{{ zxmhcel/ @ qeo~

~m ~fe ndp kdxe don gòn mi ò{zek~en ~fe ~fòa{/ @ d{gen ~fe ld`n{ ~fexe ì ~fep dxe

fdyòa {mle zxmhcel xecd~en ~m ~fe kcedo qd~ex mx ecek~x`k`~p e~k/ ^fep ~mcn le ~fd~

eyexp~fòa `{ yexp ammn hu~ cd{~ ndp qfeo ~fexe qd{ do ecek~x`k`~p cmdn {fennòa imx ;

fmux{# ~fe aeoexd~mx{ qexe om~ {q`~kfen mo don ~fe g`n{ fdn ~m {`~ q`~fmu~ ~fe d`x



52/72

18

kmon`~`moex{ don ido{/ Di~ex ~fd~ lp ~d{g qd{ ~m a`ye d qx`~~eo om~e mi ~fe zxmhcel{

don ~fe zm{{`hce {mcu~`mo{/

49/ Dxxdoaòa ~fe imxeào ~x`z mi ~fe n`xek~mx

^fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx qd{ amòa ~m Kd`xm# Eapz~ imx d~~eonòa d {elòdx/ @ qd{ d{gen

~m ldge ~fe dxxdoaeleo~{ imx ~f`{ ~x`z/ I`x{~ mi dcc @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe zd{{zmx~ mi ~fe

n`xek~mx q`~f ~fe y`{d {~dlzen mo `~/ @ d{gen dhmu~ ~fe ne~d`c{ mi f`{ {~dp ò Kd`xm &^fe

zcdke qfexe fe qmucn he {~dpòa don imx fmq ldop ndp{# kfdxae{ e~k)/ ^fe

nmkuleo~{ qfm{e mxàòdc kmzp @ adye ~m ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx don qfm{e kmzè{

qexe gez~ ò ~fe xekmxn{ qexe d{ imccmq{2

Om Mhbek~`mo Kex~ì`kd~e kex~ìpòa ~fd~ Lx/ D{{dn Fdieer fd{ heeo omlòd~en

hp F[D don ~fd~ ~fe Lò`{~xp fd{ om mhbek~`mo ~m f`{ zxmkeenòa dhxmdn nuxòa

~fe {d`n zex`mn/

^fe {kfenuce mi ~fe [elòdx ~fd~ `{ ~m he d~~eonen hp ~fe EN/

Om~e Yexhdce hp ~fe Qmxcn Fedc~f Mxado`rd~`mo

Zd{{zmx~

^`kge~

M~fex oeke{{dxp nmkuleo~{ xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~òa/

@ kmlzce~en ~fe d{{àoleo~ xàf~ mo ~`le q`~f ~fe d{{`{~doke mi DN/

41/ Zxezdxd~`mo mi ~`le {fee~2

D{ ~fe zxmbek~ ldodaex `{ do elzcmpee mi U[D@N/ Moe mi ~fe xetu`xeleo~{ {fe oeen{

~m iuci`cc `{ ~fe zxezdxd~`mo mi ~`le {fee~ d{ eyexp elzcmpee mi U[D@N fd{ ~m ldge d~`le {fee~/ @ zxezdxen ~fe ~`le{fee~ dcmoa q`~f ~fe Zxmbek~ Ldodaex don qmxgen mo `~

q`~f fex/ [fe zxmy`nen le q`~f ~fe xmuaf nxdi~ mi iì~eeo ndp{ qf`kf qexe eo~exen

n`xek~cp ò~m ~fe ~`le {fee~/ Don imx ~fe dk~`y`~è{ mi ~fe xe{~ mi ~fe ndp{ mi Buoe {fe

qmxgen q`~f le don au`nen le ~fxmuaf mu~/



53/72

18

46/ EN{ Eoadaeleo~{2

` qd{ dc{m ~xu{~en q`~f ~fe nu~p ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe nd`cp eoadaeleo~{ mi ~fe Eveku~`ye

N`xek~mx/ Imx ~f`{ @ fdn ~m {ee ~fd~ qfd~ ~fe dzzmò~leo~{ dxe imx ~fe zxe{eo~ ndp don

imx ~fe kmlòa imux ndp{/ Ixml ~fd~ @ ldne d c`{~ mi eoadaeleo~{ don u{en ~m zd{~e

~fe zxò~ mi `~ ò ~fe mzexd~mx{ don n`xek~mx{ mii`ke {m ~fd~ ~fexe `{ om myexcdzzòa mi ~fe

dzzmò~leo~{ mx lee~òa{/ ^f`{ `{ d zxdk~`ke `{ F[D don @ qd{ d{{àoen ~f`{

xe{zmo{`h`c`~p moke/

40/ Qmxgòa d{ do mzexd~mx2

@ qmxgen d{ do mzexd~mx imx d~ ced{~ moe fmux nd`cp/ ~fe nu~è{ @ fdn ~m zeximxl d{ ò do

mzexd~mx qexe ~m d~~eon ~fe kdcc{# ~xdo{iex ~fe kdcc{# òimxl ~fe kdccex{ mi ~fe`x xetu`xen

ev~eo{`mo oulhex{# om~e nmqo ~fe `lzmx~do~ le{{dae{ imx ~fe n`xek~mx don m~fex{#

{kdo ~fe nmkuleo~{# don ~dge ~fe zxò~ mu~{ mo ~fe xetue{~ mi m~fex{/

8:/ Ekmomlp Led{uxe{2

Lx/ G`pdo` ~mcn le ~fd~ ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee fd{ nek`nen ~m dnmz~ ekmomlp

led{uxe{ ~m nedc q`~f ~fe {fmx~dae mi iuon{/ ^fe nu~p imx le fexe qd{ ~m qx`~e nmqo d

ce~~ex mi ~fe ekmomlp led{uxe ~m he ~dgeo hp ~fe F[D don a`ye `~ ò edkf nezdx~leo~/

@ qxm~e nmqo ~fe ce~~ex mi ~fe Ekmomlp Led{uxe{# am~ `~ dzzxmyen don adye `~ ~m he

zxò~en don ~feo @ zex{modccp qeo~ ~m edkf mii`ke don zd{~en `~ mo ~fe {mi~ Hmdxn{/

84/ Zex{modc xekmxn mi ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx Nx D{{dn Fdieer2

Moe mi ~fe nu~è{ d{{àoen ~m le qd{ ldò~dò ~fe zex{modc xekmxn mi ~fe Eveku~`ye

N`xek~mx don ~fe xekmxn mi f`{ Cmkdc don Imxeào ~mux{/ ^fe ne~d`c{ ~fd~ @ ad~fexen don

zu~ ò ~fe imcnex @ ldne òkcunen ~fe imccmqòa2

Kuxx`kucul Y`~de mi ~fe N`xek~mx

^fe dzzmò~leo~ don kmo~xdk~

^xdòòa{ d~~eonen

[elòdx{ d~~eonen



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Cmkdc ~mux{

Imxeào ~mux{

Zxmaxdl{ ò`~`d~en hp ~fe EN

Dh{~xdk~{ mi f`{ xe{edxkf zuhc`kd~`mo{

M~fex kdzdk`~p hu`cnòa ò`~`d~`ye{ ~dgeo hp ~fe EN

88/ Lee~òa{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee2

@ qd{ a`yeo ~fe nu~p ò ~fe 9~f qeeg ~m ldge d ld{~ex imcnex mi dcc ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe

eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee/ ^fe lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa{ qexe dyd`cdhce ò ~fe xekmxn{ hu~

lp nu~p qd{ ~m cmkd~e ~fel don dxxdoae ò kfxmomcma`kdc mxnex/ Xm{fdo Guldx

{uzzmx~en le ò ~f`{ d{{àoleo~ d{ fe gez~ mo ~eccòa le ~fe nd~e{ mo qf`kf ~fe

lee~òa mi ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee qd{ fecn don ~fe zuxzm{e mi ~fe lee~òa{/ @

kmccek~en dcc mi ~fe i`ce{ mi ~fe lee~òa{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee don ldne d ld{~ex

imcnex mi ~fe lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa{/ @ dc{m ldne d ~dhce mi kmo~eo~{ ~m leo~`mo ~fd~

imx qfd~ zuxzm{e ~fe 4{~ lee~òa qd{ fecn# ~feo ~fe {ekmon# ~f`xn don {m mo e/a/

Lee~òa mi Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee Fecn ~m N`{ku{{ ~fe Zxmkuxeleo~ Zxmhcel{/

Dom~fex nu~p @ zeximxlen qd{ ~fd~ @ dxxdoaen d lee~òa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee ~m

n`{ku{{ ~fe `{{ue mi iòdokòa ~fe ~x`z mi ~fe Nmk~mx{ qfm qexe amòa dhxmdn imx e`~fexd~~eonòa {mle {elòdx{ mx ~m zxe{eo~ ~fe`x zuhc`kd~`mo{ d{ F[D qd{ {fmx~ mi iuon{/

8;/ Ne~d`cen imcnex mi ~fe F[D kmccdhmxd~`mo{2

Moe mi ~fe xe{zmo{`h`c`~è{ d{{àoen ~m le qd{ ~m ldge d ne~d`cen imcnex mi ~fe

uo`yex{`~è{ don @o{~`~u~e{ qfm dxe kuxxeo~cp ò kmccdhmxd~`mo q`~f F[D mx ~fe`x

kmccdhmxd~`mo `{ ò z`zecòe/ Imx ae~~òa ~f`{ òimxld~`mo @ qmxgen ò ~fe [~uneo~ Diid`x{

Nezdx~leo~ don ~mmg ~fe òimxld~`mo don kmzè{ mi ~fe {àoen nmkuleo~{/

Dkkmlzc`{fleo~{2



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Cmmgòa hdkg mo lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~{ ò F[D# @ qmucn {dp ~fd~ @ fdye {m ldop

dkkmlzc`{fleo~{/ Lp i`x{~ dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ ~m kmlzce~e d 9 qeeg{ ò~exo{f`z d~

F[D q`~fmu~ dop n`{zu~e{# kmoic`k~{ don n`{dzzmò~leo~{/

Kmlòa ~mqdxn{ ~fe qmxg xecd~en dkkmlzc`{fleo~{/ Lp hàae{~ dkfèyeleo~ imx le

qd{ ~m kmlzce~e lp i`x{~ d{{àoleo~ ~fd~ qd{ ~m ldge ~fe ld~x`v mi ~fe daeond `~el#

nek`{`mo{ don ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo ò ~fe iì~f lee~òa mi

~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ ^f`{ d{{àoleo~ qd{ hd{`kdccp a`yeo ~m kfekg lp kdc`hex hu~

di~ex ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe N`xek~mx q`~f ~fe Fedc~f Lò`{~ex# ~fe nd~e mi 9~f lee~òa mi

HmA qd{ i`ven don ~f`{ d{{àoleo~ imx d lexe d{{e{{leo~ hekdle d axed~

xe{zmo{`h`c`~p eo~xu{~en ~m le/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe d{{àoleo~ tu`~e tu`kgcp ~m ~fe

dldreleo~ mi ~fe leo~mx don fe eo~xu{~en le q`~f lmxe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p mi ldgòa ~feld~x`ke{ mi ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo{ {~d~u{ mi ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo ò dcc zxey`mu{ lee~òa{/

[eo{e mi dkfèyeleo~ don lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~{ gez~ mi x`{òa eyexp ndp d{ lmxe don

lmxe nu~è{ qexe a`yeo ~m le qf`kf @ fdye leo~`moen dhmye uonex ~fe fedn mi

Nu~è{/ @ n`n dclm{~ eyexp~fòa ~fd~ qd{ xetu`xen ~m he nmoe imx ~fe dxxdoaeleo~ mi ~fe

9~f lee~òa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ Don di~ex 9 qeeg{ mi ò~exo{f`z ~fe 4{~ ~fòa

~fd~ @ kdo zxmuncp {dp `{ ~fd~ @ kmmxnòd~en don dxxdoaen d lee~òa mi ~fe HMA don

qmxgen mo edkf don eyexp {òace ne~d`c mi `~/ ^fe nmkuleo~{ ò ~fe fdon{ mi ~fe Hmdxn

lelhex{ ò ~fe lee~òa# ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo ~fep {dq# ~fe ce~~ex{ don m~fex ~fòa{ {eo~ ~m

~fel# ~fe imccmq uz kdcc{ o idve{ ~fep xeke`yen qexe dcc ldne hp le/

Dom~fex dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ ~fd~ @ le~ ~fe nedncòe{/ Qfd~eyex ~fe d{{àoleo~ qd{

a`yeo ~m he `~ qd{ xednp xàf~ mo ~`le don eyeo {mle~`le{ heimxe ~fe ~`le/ Lee~òa d

nedncòe `{ ò `~{eci qd{ d hà dkfèyeleo~ d{ eyexp {òace ~`le @ qd{ dzzxek`d~en imx

~f`{/

@~ fdzzeoen imx ~fe 4{~ ~`le ò F[D ~fd~ ~fe Fedc~f Lò`{~ex d{gen ~m fmcn d lee~òa mi

~fe HMA {m edxcp/ ^fexe qd{ d cm~ mi zxe{{uxe mo eyexpmoe/ Don eyeo ò ~fe zxe{{uxe @

qd{ dhce ~m zeximxl qecc/ ^fmuaf @ fdye leo~`moen `~ ò lp qeegcp xezmx~{ d{ qecc ~fd~

@ qd{ heòa myexhuxneoen hu~ @ ~mmg ~f`{ zxe{{uxe zm{`~`yecp don kmlzce~en dcc ~fe



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d{{àoleo~{ ò ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp @ kmucn/ Lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~ fexe qd{ ~m cedxo

fmq ~m qmxg qecc uonex zxe{{uxe/

Cedxoòa {mle~fòa ò `~{eci `{ do dkkmlzc`{fleo~/ ^fe zuxzm{e mi lp ò~exo{f`z qd{

~m cedxo {mle~fòa don @ kdo {dp ~fd~ ~fe zuxzm{e `{ dkkmlzc`{fen ~m `~{ iucce{~/ @ fdye

cedxoen {m ldop ~fòa{ dhmu~ fmq ~m zeximxl qmxg# fmq ~m he d ammn kmccedaue# fmq

~m dym`n kmoic`k~{ don n`{zu~e{# fmq ~m kmmzexd~e q`~f m~fex{# fmq ~m kmmxnòd~e don

dxxdoae {elòdx{# lee~òa{# ~xdòòa{ e~k/

Lp he{~ dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ qfeo @ qeo~ ~m ~fe N`xek~mx{ mii`ke mo ~fe cd{~ ndp mi lp

ò~exo{f`z don ~fe D{{`{~do~ N`xek~mx {d`n ~fd~ qe qmucn fdye a`yeo pmu d bmh ì u qexe

d xe{`neo~ mi @{cdldhdn/ ^feo ò ~fe [~uneo~ Diid`x Nezdx~leo~# Lx/ Hd{f`x &ixml ~fe

[~uneo~ Diid`x{ Nezdx~leo~) {d`n ~fd~ @ dcqdp{ qdo~en d kmccedaue c`ge pmu/ Lx/ [deen

ixml ~fe Iòdoke Nezdx~leo~ {d`n ~fd~ ~fe qdp pmu fdye qmxgen# `~ nme{ om~ {eel

~fd~ pmu fdye qmxgen imx ~fe 4{~ ~`le ò {mle mxado`rd~`mo/

Oeq Gomqcenae Dktu`xen2

^fe oeq gomqcenae @ dktu`xen ixml lp ò~exo{f`z òkcune{ ldop nìiexeo~ ~fòa{/

Lm{~cp qfd~eyex @ fdye {eeo `{ ~fd~ nmòa d bmh `{ zxdk~`kdccp `lzceleo~òa# ò pmux

mqo nìiexeo~ {~pce# ~fe ~femxe~`kdc gomqcenae pmu fdye cedxoen/ Dc{m @ fdye am~ ~m

cedxo ~fd~ imx eyexp {òace {eo~eoke mi ~fe hmmg{ qe xedn ~fexe cè{ pedx{ mi

evzexèoke{ ~m qx`~e ~fd~/ ^fe oeq gomqcenae @ dktu`xen ò F[D òkcune{ ~fe

imccmqòa2

Kmmxnòd~òa q`~f nìiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{2

@ cedxoen fmq ~m kmmxnòd~en q`~f nìiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{ don kmccdhmxd~e q`~f ~fel ~m

dkfèye ~fe myexdcc amdc{ mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ @i dcc mi ~fe nezdx~leo~{ dxe dk~`ye ò

kmlzce~òa ~fe`x zdx~{ mi ~fe bmh don moe mx ~qm nezdx~leo~{ nm om~ zeximxl ~fe`x zdx~

mi ~fe bmh ~feo ~fe uc~`ld~e amdc{ mi ~fe Mxado`rd~`mo d{ d qfmce kdoom~ he dkfèyen/ @

cedxoen ~f`{ ixml ~fe d{{àoleo~{ a`yeo ~m le/ ^f`{ `{ hekdu{e @ fdn ~m qmxg ò lmxe

~fdo moe nezdx~leo~ imx edkf don eyexp {òace d{{àoleo~/ @ fdye leo~`moen ò lp



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xezmx~ ~fd~ moe mx ~qm mi lp d{{àoleo~ qexe dclm{~ necdpen hekdu{e mi ~fe omo,

kmmzexd~`mo hp {mle nezdx~leo~/ [m ~fe gomqcenae @ dktu`xen `{ ~fd~ ì do

mxado`rd~`mo `{ ~m he {ukke{{iuc d{ d qfmce# ~feo dcc mi ~fe nezdx~leo~{ lu{~ qmxg#

kmmxnòd~e don kmccdhmxd~e q`~f edkf don imku{ mo ~fe uc~`ld~e amdc mi ~fe

mxado`rd~`mo xd~fex ~fdo ~fe nezdx~leo~dc amdc{/ ^fe nezdx~leo~dc amdc{ dxe bu{~ ~fe

ledo{ ~m do eon `/e/ mxado`rd~`modc amdc/

Fm{~òa# dxxdoaòa don kmmxnòd~òa {elòdx{# qmxg{fmz{# lee~òa{ don

eyeo~{2

F[D dxxdoae{ ldop {elòdx{ don ~fe qmxg{fmz{ ò kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f `~{ zdx~oex{

don mo `~{ mqo/ ^fe ~xdòòa{ don {elòdx{ dxe imx nìiexeo~ zuxzm{e{ c`ge imx evdlzce

Kmlzu~ex ~xdòòa qd{ a`yeo ~m ~fe elzcmpee{ {m ~fd~ ~fep kdo u{e ~fe cd~e{~

{mi~qdxe# ~fe {elòdx mo {~d~`{~`kdc don nd~d dodcp{`{ le~fmn# ~fe {elòdx xecd~en ~m

~fe hd{`k{ mi ekmoml`k{ e~k/ D{ @ fdye dxxdoaen ~fe lee~òa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi

Amyexomx{# mo ~fe yexp {dle ndp ~fexe qd{ do òduauxdc kexelmop mi ~fe L[FEL

zxmaxdl/ @ {dq `~{ dxxdoaeleo~{ d{ qecc don cedxoen ~fxmuaf mh{exyd~`mo{ dhmu~ `~/

Fmq ~m qx`~e ~fe lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa

@ am~ ~m cedxo ~fd~ fmq ~fe lòu~e{ mi ~fe lee~òa dxe ldne/ @~ qd{ ~duaf~ ~m u{ ò

nìiexeo~ kmux{e{ ò HHD hu~ @ am~ d kcedxex uonex{~donòa mi fmq ~fe qmxg `{ nmoe

zxdk~`kdccp/ ^fd~ qd{ hd{`kdccp d ~femxe~`kdc cedxoòa don @ {dq fmq `~ fdzzeo{

zxdk~`kdccp/ Nuxòa ~fe kmux{e mi lp ò~exo{f`z @ fdn ~m qx`~e ~fxee lòu~e{ mi nìiexeo~

lee~òa don ~f`{ `{ moe mi ~fe gomqcenae ~fd~ q`cc fecz le ~fxmuafmu~ lp zxmie{{`modc

cìe/

Ldgòa he{~ u{e mi {kdxke xe{muxke{

^f`{ qd{ d yexp `lzmx~do~ cedxoòa imx le ò ~fe i`x{~ qeeg mi lp ò~exo{f`z/ Imx ~fe 4{~

~`le ò `~{ f`{~mxp F[D qd{ {fmx~ mi iuon{/ [m F[D nek`nen ~m dnmz~ {mle ekmomlp

led{uxe{ ~m u{e ~fe{e iuon{ ò ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp/ @o ~fe heaòoòa @ ~fmuaf~ ~fd~

~f`{ kdo~ fecz hu~ @ qd{ dldren ~m {ee fmq F[D kdle mu~ mi ~f`{ zxmhcel/ ^f`{ adye



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le cedxoòa ~fd~ ~fe iuon{ lu{~ he u{en ò ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp don ~f`{ kdo fecz

pmux mxado`rd~`mo ~m kmle mu~ mi dop gòn mi kx`{`{/ mo ~fe m~fex {`ne @ dc{m {dq d

oead~`ye {`ne mi `~# ~fd~ qd{ ~fe cm{{ mi qmxgex{ zxmnuk~`y`~p hekdu{e mi ~fe nuxd~`mo{ mi

~fe cmdn {fennòa ldop mi ~fel u{en ~m {`~ `nce d{ ~fe dcc mi ~fe aeoexd~mx{ qexe om~ ò

u{e hekdu{e mi ~fe{e ekmomlp led{uxe{/ [m lp cedxoòa ixml ~f`{ evzexèoke qd{

~fd~ ~fe ~fòa{ {fmucn om~ he ~dgeo ~m ev~xele{/ Xd~fex ~fe {kdxke xe{muxke{ {fmucn

he u{en ò ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp q`~fmu~ dop qd{~dae/

^`le ldodaeleo~2

^f`{ `{ ~fe cedxoòa @ fdn ixml qmxgòa q`~f ~fe zxmbek~ ldodaex qfm `{ ~fe U[D@N

elzcmpee don qfm fdn ~m {uhl`~ ~fe ~`le {fee~ d~ ~fe i`ven nd~e mi ~fe lmo~f/ @ fdye

leo~`moen dhmu~ `~ ò ~fe qeegcp xezmx~{ don ò ~f`{ xezmx~ fexe d{ qecc/ Lp hd{`k

cedxoòa fexe qd{ ~fe gep ~m ~`le ldodaeleo~ `{ om~ {zeonòa ~`le xd~fex òye{~òa `~

don ~fd~ eyexp moe qmxgòa ò ~fe mxado`rd~`mo {fmucn he dhce ~m ldodae f`{ ~`le qecc

don dccmkd~e ~fe ~`le ~m nìiexeo~ dk~`y`~è{ dkkmxnòa ~m ~fe`x zxeiexeoke don

xetu`xeleo~/ ^f`{ zxdk~`ke d{{uxe{ ~fe zxmnuk~`y`~p don ~fe eii`kèokp mi do elzcmpee/

Zcu{ ~f`{ cedxoòa kdo dc{m he u{en ò mux ndp ~m ndp cìe d{ qecc/

êdl {z`x`~

Omhmnp ò ~fe mxado`rd~`mo kdo qmxg dcmoe/ Imx {mle mi ~fe ~d{g{ @ fdn ~m qmxg q`~f

Lx/ Dx{fdn# Lx/ [db`n don Lx/ Xm{fdo Guldx don @ qd{ `lzxe{{en hp ~fe ev~eo~ ~m

qf`kf ~fep u{en ~m fecz edkf m~fex ~fe`x ~edl {z`x`~ ldne le ~m nm ~fe {dle don @

{~dx~en kmmzexd~òa q`~f ~fel don d{gòa imx d{{`{~doke/ ^fe hd{`k ~edl hu`cnòa {z`x`~

fexe d~ F[D qd{ ~fd~ eyexp elzcmpee xe{zek~en ~fe m~fex elzcmpee{ xecà`mo# kuc~uxe#

don ydcue{ don ~f`{ ~fòa dnnen mo ~m ~fe {z`x`~ mi ~edl hu`cnòa fexe/ @ dc{m cedxoen ~m

xe{zek~ edkf m~fex{ xecà`mo don ne{àod~`mo{ don @ cedxoen ~m dnnxe{{ eyexp

elzcmpee uo`tuecp don

Internship Report Warda Khawar

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