Internship Project - Bowtie

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BOWTIE RISK ANALYSIS

FOR

EWT FACILITIES

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT

Name : Nur Fatin Dariah binti Mohamad Daud

Course : Chemical Engineering

Dept : HSE Department

Supervisors : Dr. Bawadi Abdullah

En. Taram Satiraksa

Strictly Confidential 1

OUTLINE

OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS BOWTIE?

HISTORY OF BOWTIE

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

CONSTRUCTING A BOWTIE

CONCLUSION


OBJECTIVES

To determine the major hazard on EWT Facilities.

To identify the threats and consequences of the Top Event

To construct Bowtie Risk Analysis of EWT facilities.

To get better understanding of process and operation in upstream operation.


1. Extended well test (EWT) facilities was installed on the Floating Storage Unit (FSU) Nautica Muar for KMSE & AJK field.

2. Applying bowtie risk analysis for FSU Nautica Muar.(only focusing on EWT Facilities)

INTRODUCTION


• Risk Evaluation method used to analyze and demonstrate causal relationships in

HIGH risk scenarios.

• Capture Easily in Visual

• Name from the shape of the diagram-looks like a men’s bowtie.

WHAT IS BOWTIE?


HISTORY OF BOWTIE

Piper Alpha Incident 1988, 6 July

Cause by explosion

167 men died, 61 survivors

Nov 1988, Cullen Inquiry

set an investigation

Lack of understanding of hazards &

risks

Urge rose as lesson learn to

gain more understanding

and insight causality


METHODOLOGICAL PARENTS OF BOWTIE1) Fault Tree Analysis

logical structure displaying therelationship between an undesiredpotential event (top event) and all itsprobable causes

2) Event Tree Analysis

identifies and quantifies the possible outcomes following an initiating event


COMBINATION OF FAULT TREE AND EVENT TREE

UE 1

UE 3

UE 4

UE 5

UE 7

IE

IE

IE

IE

IE

IE

TE

SCE

SCE

DP

DP

DP

ME

ME

ME

ME

ME

ME

Fault Tree Event Tree

BarriersPrevention Mitigation

DPAnd

And

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

UE 2

UE 6

UE 8

SCENARIO

Initiating events Major Events

Unwanted Events


BARRIER THINKING - SWISS CHEESE MODEL

• Early 90’s, James Reason develop the Swiss Cheese Model.

• It is a metaphor that made barrier thinking popular for the past two decades.

• Hazards are contained by multiple protective barriers.

• Barriers are needed to prevent loss.

HAZARDINCIDENT

Barriers


• Barriers may have weaknesses.

• Holes represent the weaknesses.

HAZARDINCIDENT

Barriers




HAZARDSINCIDENT

Barriers

• Once the holes (barrier’s flaws)are aligned, Hazard will pass through the holes

in all slices leading to incident to occur./ failure.



HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=EB2MKSWEDJ0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB2mKsWedJ0


METHODOLOGY

Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Risk Assessment (RA)

Major Accident Hazard (MAH)

Bowtie Analysis


HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HAZID) & RISK

ASSESSMENT (RA)

HAZARD ID Description

H1 Loss of Containment

H2 Ignited release; Fires

H3 Dropped / Swinging object

H4 Transport hazard

H5 Collision

H6 Natural Events

H6 Miscellaneous hazards


LOSS OF CONTAINMENT

AT EWT FACILITIES

@FSU NAUTICA MUAR


STEPS CONSTRUCTING BOWTIEIdentify Hazards

Identify Top Events

Identify Threats

Evaluate Consequences

Control Threats

Recovery Measures

Identify Escalation Factors

Controlling Escalation


STEP 1: IDENTIFY HAZARDS• Anything which is a source of potential loss or damage

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Hazard


STEP 2: IDENTIFY TOP EVENT• A point in time which describes the release or loss of control over a Hazard

LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Hazard

Top Event


Top Event

STEP 3: IDENTIFY THREATSThreats

Human Error

Blockage of Piping due to

waxy crude resulting in

Piping Breakage

Corrosion

(Internal)

Corrosion

(External)

LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Hazard


STEP 4: EVALUATE CONSEQUENCES

Human Error



Piping Breakage

Corrosion

(Internal)

Corrosion

(External)

Fire without personnel

injury but Damage to

Facilities

Personnel injury

(HC release with fire)

Environmental Impact /

Hydrocarbon Spill

Fire (Multiple fatalities)

LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

ThreatsConsequences

Top Event

Hazard


CONSTRUCTING THE BARRIERS

Function of barriers: to:

1. Control Threats

2. Determine the Recovery Measure

3. Controlling Escalation Factors


CONSTRUCTING BARRIERS

Human Error



Piping Breakage

Corrosion

(Internal)

Corrosion

(External)



Facilities

Personnel injury



Hydrocarbon Spill


LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

ThreatsConsequences

Top Event

Hazard

Threat Barriers Recovery Measure


STEP 5: THREAT BARRIERS

Human Error



Piping Breakage

Corrosion

(Internal)

Corrosion

(External)

LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Threats

Top Event

Threat Barriers


Threats Barrier 1 Barrier 2 Barrier 3 Barrier 4 Barrier 5 Barrier 6 Barrier 7

Corrosion (internal) Piping (corrosion allowance, corrosion coupon in design)(Piping system)

Anode in Tank (design)(Tanks)

Annual Class Survey(Inspection)

Crude & gas sampling to develop crude assay and MSDS (to ensure the compatibility of the crude) (inspection)

Corrosion (Eternal) Painting & Coating Specfor piping, corrosion allowance(Piping system)

Painting & Coating Program(Maintenance)

Annual Class Survey (Inspection)

Human Error Rest hour policy to mitigate fatigue (Procedural)

Competent personnel (Administrative)

Correct tools (Procedural)

Compliance to PTW and conducting tool (Procedural)

Safety passport requirement ,Health declaration form to be fill up(Procedural)

Pre-joining medical check and marine medical check every 2 years.(Procedural)

Stop work policy(Procedural)

Blockage of Piping due to waxy crude resulting in Piping

Breakage

Steam System(Fired Heaters)

Steam heating coil in tank(Tanks)

Chemical Injection at FSU(Chemical Injection Systems)

Threats Barriers (Left Side of Bowtie)


STEP 6: RECOVERY MEASURES



Facilities

Personnel injury



Hydrocarbon Spill


LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Consequences

Top Event

HazardRecovery Measures


Barrier 1 Barrier 2 Barrier 3 Barrier 4 Barrier 5 Barrier 6 Barrier 7 Barrier 8 Consequences

Routine operationon main deck(Operation and maintenance)

Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) forpump

Process Emergency Shutdown Valves (ESDVs)

Oil Spill Response Plan (Oil Spill Contingency)

Emergency Response Procedures(ERP) and Emergency Control Centre (ECC)(Safety)

Communication during spill(Communicationsystem)

Alarm to be activated during oil spill(Process control & Alarms)

Safety StandbyVessel(Rescue Facilities)

Environmental

Impact /

Hydrocarbon

Spill

Routine operationon main deck(Operation and maintenance


Oil Spill ResponsePlan (Oil Spill Contingency)


First Aid/ Medical response

Manual Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire water pump Hazardous Area Ventilation

Personnel injury

(HC release with

fire)





Personal SurvivalEquipment (PSE), lifejackets.

Fixed Foam system for pump room, engine room, main deck, cargo area, etc.

Hazardous Area Ventilation

Emergency Stop Button (ventilation system/quick closing valve to stop oxygen from going into engine room, pump room

Fire without

personnel injury

but Damage to

Facilities





First Aid/ Medical response

Emergency/Escape Lighting

HelicopterFacilities

Manual Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire (Multiple

fatalities)

Recovery Measures (Right Side of Bowtie)


STEP 7: IDENTIFY ESCALATION FACTORS

A condition that leads to increase risk by defeating or reducing the effectiveness

of controls

Human Factors

Mechanical Failures

Abnormal Conditions

Loss of Critical Services


Not Familiar with Facility’s ERP


Hydrocarbon Spill

LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

Consequences

Top Event

HazardRecovery Measures

Emergency Response Procedures (ERP) and

Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

(Safety)

Escalation Factor

STEP 7: IDENTIFY ESCALATION FACTORS

A condition that leads to increase risk by defeating or reducing the

effectiveness of controls


STEP 8: CONTROLLING ESCALATIONA control that manages the conditions which reduce the effectiveness of other controls.

1. Controlling Human Factors

• Training and Induction

• Supervision and mentoring

• Qualification and Certifications

• Auditing and Verification

2. Controlling Mechanical Failures

• Maintenance and Repairs

• Inspection and Testing

• Redundancy and Spares

• Design and Specification


Loss of Critical

Services

COMPLETE BOWTIE

Human Error



Piping Breakage

Corrosion

(Internal)

Corrosion

(External)



Facilities

Personnel injury



Hydrocarbon Spill


LOSS OF

CONTAINMENT

HYDROCARBON

OIL UNDER

PRESSURE

ThreatsConsequences

Top Event

HazardThreat Barriers Recovery Measures

Inspection and Testing

Mechanical FailuresMaintenance and Repairs

Strictly Confidential 30More examples

Bowtie FOIS Tembikai.pdf


BOWTIE ADVANTAGES1. BARRIER EFFECTIVENESS - Barrier effectiveness gives instant visual insight into the

strength of Barriers.

2. BARRIER TYPE - Having different Barrier types will increase the strength of the

organization, by decreasing the likelihood of common mode failures.

3. BARRIER ACCOUNTABILITY - Making people responsible for Barriers, makes it

transparent what everybody is supposed to do to operate safely.

4. Suggest Bowtie to be applied seriously for Risk Analysis.

5. Mitigation strategies can be identified easily – So the concept *ALARP can be

achieved.

*As Low As Responsible Practicable


CONCLUSION

Major hazard can be identified

Threats can be determined.

Consequences of The Top Event can

be evaluated

Barriers and mitigation strategies can be measured.


Q & A

Internship Project - Bowtie

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