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Transcript of Internet publishing Ing. Petr Zámostný, Ph.D. místnost: A-72a tel.: 4222 e-mail:...
![Page 2: Internet publishing Ing. Petr Zámostný, Ph.D. místnost: A-72a tel.: 4222 e-mail: petr.zamostny@vscht.czpetr.zamostny@vscht.cz.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051620/56649e5f5503460f94b59988/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Syllabus 1. Introduction – web servers and web browsers
2. HTML – basic page structure
3. HTML – basic constructions, data transfers via FTP
4. HTML - forms
5. CSS
6. CSS vs. HTML comparison
7. JavaScript - basics
8. Graphical data and multimedia - formats (GIF, PNG, JPEG), usage
9. Usability - homepage
10. Usability - navigation, search, JavaScript
11. Usability – web design for handicapped users (lowered sight or movement capabilities, older persons, etc.)
12. Anonymity of internet users, personal data protection, spam
13. Legal and moral aspects - quotation, referring, responsibility for published content
14. Presentation of created projects
http://www.vscht.cz/informatika-chemie
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What is needed to pass the exam
Project – make your own website Evaluation of third-party website
Choose preffered form One-page written text 5-10 min presentation
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Project Compulsory requirements
Structured document At least 3 separate documents XHTML or HTML 4.01 standards Valid documents (http://validator.w3.org). Use external CSS. Use some graphics in separate folder. Make it available at http://web.vscht.cz/…
Recommended features Minimize XHTML attributes formatting, use CSS instead. Follow recommendations for making the pages accessible by
handicapped users (http://www.w3.org/WAI/quicktips/).
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Website evaluation Technical quality Navigation – placement, usability, logic, ... Content, information value
Comprehensibility Use of hypertext Readability Structure – is there clear hierarchy of presented information (chapters, lists, tables)?
Language Grammar Composition Objectivity
Graphics, design: Font size Colors, contrast, readability Design quality Impact of screen resolution, page weight Impression (subjective)
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Information sources Information systém on ICT
http://student.vscht.cz Materials for seminars
http://www.vscht.cz/kot/cz/studijni-materialy.html Webdesign
Jakob Nielsen: Web design WWW standards
http://www.w3.org/
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History of WWW 1950 – Douglas Engelbert – interlinked
documents 1980 – Ted Nelson – „Xanadu“ project
1989 – CERN - Tim Berners-Lee Software for developing hypertext
documents Term „World-Wide Web“ Internet infrastructure HTML, HTTP, URL technologies
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WWW – key principles
File (document) transfer, HTTP protocol
Global document address - URL Hypertext, HTML
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World-Wide Web
Browser HTTP protocol
handling Content parsing,
displaying
Content storage Static Dynamic
Client
WWW server
HTTP request - URL
HTTP response - document
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Uniform Resource Locator http://www.vscht.cz/seznam/SeznamVSCHT/index.html
HOW? WHERE? WHAT?http:// www.vscht.cz /seznam/
SeznamVSCHT/index.html
Communication scheme
Source, server Identification within the scope of source
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Scheme 1/2 http://
http://www.vscht.cz/kot/cz/index.html HyperText Transfer protocol
ftp:// ftp://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe File Transfer Protocol
file:/// file:///c|/windows/win.ini Local file
mailto: mailto:[email protected]
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Scheme 2/2 Scheme is important
ftp://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe http://ftp.vscht.cz/pub/antivir/Blaster/FixBlast.exe
http://ifis.vscht.cz/ https://ifis.vscht.cz/
Browsers complete missing scheme, so that it works in most cases
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Server IP address
http://147.33.2.8/ Domain name
http://3rdlevel.2ndlevel.1stlevel http://www.vscht.cz http://student.vscht.cz
Each domain has own registrar that controls domain names asignment
Řád domény
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Location (path) Corresponds to the real or the virtual
location of the document in the server file system Paths are case-sensitive
http://www.vscht.cz/homepage http://www.vscht.Cz/homepage http://www.vscht.cz/Homepage
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Content Static
File system Permanent
documents
Represent static non-specific information
Dynamic Database Documents are
generated dynamically
Documents are created specifically according to the user requirements
http://www.google.com/search?q=internethttp://www.vscht.cz/informatika-chemie
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Browser Browser manages transfers and interprets the content Common browsers
Microsoft Internet Explorer Opera Mozilla Firefox Safari …
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Webpage Webpage – document (file) containing text
data and formatting instructions
The formatting instructions are interpreted by the browser
Standards – a way to ensure the browsers will understand the formatting instructions W3C – World Wide Web Consortium http://www.w3.org/
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What does make a webpage? HyperText Markup Language – HTML
Text Tags
Formatting instructions Information about the document structure
References to other data (binary)<html><head><title>Title of page</title></head><body>This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b></body></html>
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HTML versions and development Markup language SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language ISO 8879:1986 2.0 – the first standardized version 3.0 – unimplemented design
Specifications were too difficult for browser developers
3.2 – Standardized as subset of 3.0 design + selected browser-specific features that were already implemented by browser developers
4.0, 4.01 – final version Cascading style sheets (CSS) used for formatting
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Recent web problems
Mixing content and format in HTML Poor documents structure Difficult search for specific
information
Potential remedy = XML
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XML eXtensible Markup Language SGML „light“ Can be used as standard to define other
languages based on XML Can create content oriented structure More strict syntax than SGML
= much easier implementation
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XHTML eXtensible HyperText Markup Language HTML 4.01 restandardized to follow XML
rules Meets XML standard specifications But does not require full XML support by the
browser More strict
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Web pages development/coding
Text processors Notepad, PSPad
HTML editors HomeSite
WYSIWYG editors FrontPage
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FrontPage
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Notepad
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HomeSite
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Readable HTML code
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„Less readable“ HTML code
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Editors comparison WYSIWYG
Relatively easy operation „Precise“ control of appearance, but poor
platform independence Problems with standard compatibility Document is not created transparently – code
cannot be fully controlled Documents contain editor-specific markup
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Editors comparison Text and HTML editors
Require active knowledge of standards Full control over the code Page development may seem more time-
consuming than with the WYSIWYG editors, but it is not true for an experienced coder