Internet Protocol.Addressing

7/29/2019 Internet Protocol.Addressing

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IP Addressing

Siddharth Jain

AAKG Security Solutions


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Contents

IP addressing (introduction)

Types of addressing schemes IPv4

Classes

IPv6

Types of allocation

Static

Dynamic

Knowing your IP

Knowing a servers IP hosting a domain

Connection to the connecting router


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IP Addressing

Routers use layer 3 addressing and routing tables

Transferring data between layer 3 requires common

protocol.

Most commonly used protocol Internet Protocol

A layer 3 address, with reference to OSI model

Logical address given by the network admin

Addressing schemes

IPv4

IPv6


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Types of addressing schemes

IPv4

IPv6


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Types of addressing Schemes (IPv4)

32 bit address For simplification and utility, divided into 4 octets of 8 bit

each

Approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses

Different classes signify network bits and hosts bits,

allocated in different order


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Classes (IPv4) Class A

has an 8 bit NETID and a 24 bit HOSTID. There are only 126 possible Class A addresses.

intended for use in very large networks since the 24 bit HOSTID can uniquely identify over 16 million hosts

Class B

have a 16 bit NETID and a 16 bit HOSTID

intended for moderate sized networks

64000 unique hosts can ne added

Class C

a 24 bit NETID and an 8 bit HOSTID

are intended for small sub networks

Class D

are used for multicast applications such as the

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol

Class E

addresses begin with a number between 240 and 255 and are used for experimental purposes.


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Types of addressing schemes (IPv6)

128 bit address

Hexadecimal notation

Introduced due to exhaustion of IPv4 addresses

3.4 X 1038 unique addresses

IPv6 addresses consist of eight groups of four hexadecimal digitsseparated by colons

Example 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334


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Types of IP address allocation

Static IP Addressing

It is constant, i.e. permanently assigned to the user

More reliable

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

To host a gaming website

In contrast a static IP address can become a security risk, because the address

is always the same.

Static IP addressing is less cost effective than Dynamic IP Addressing.


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Types of IP addressing

Dynamic IP Addressing

less security risk as the computer is assigned a new IP address each time the

host logs on

they are cost effective, automatic network configuration

Dynamic addressing used by ISP's so that one IP address can be assigned todifferent users in different sessions

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) assigns each host attached to the

router an IP address automatically

Dynamic IP addressing preferred less for VOIP, VPN or game hosting because itis less reliable then Static IP addressing.


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To know your IP

Go to start menu, type cmd, hit enter

On the promt, type ipconfig/all


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Connection to the connecting router


On the promt, type ping -t


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To know the hosting server of any

domain


On the promt, type nslookup domain name


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Queries?

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