INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE SAFE USE OF PESTICIDES … · INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE SAFE USE...
Transcript of INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE SAFE USE OF PESTICIDES … · INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE SAFE USE...
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE SAFE USE OF
PESTICIDES IN COCOA AND HARMONIZED
LEGISLATION FOR FOOD SAFETY
25 – 27 January 2011, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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PRODUCER COUNTRIES' PERSPECTIVES ON LEGISLATION AND OTHER MEASURES ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY
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Prof. Dembélé
Ardjouma A.
Dr. Kouamé
Lucien
Mr. Brou Allatin
Mr. Joseph Kouame
Prof. Dembélé
Ardjouma A.
Dr. Kouamé
Lucien
Mr. Brou Allatin
Mr. Joseph Kouame
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MAIN POINTS
I. COCOA PRODUCTION IN AFRICA- Production structure- Pesticide use
II. REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS : IMPACTS- Regulations/standards international on pesticide
residues- Benefits / Problems facing farmers for African
growers
III. PERSPECTIVES
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1. Cocoa Production structure
Cocoa is grown in Africa mostly by smallholders : 90% of cocoa production
- Traditional type of practices : no or very little use of pesticides (less than 20% of treatments, small holders;
- Industrial type of production : agro-industrial companies intensive use of input, pesticides.
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I. CACACO PRODUCTION IN AFRICA
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Cocoa from African : exported worldwide
European market is the main destination, 53% of the global cocoa market
Cocoa : an important role in the economy and socio- life of many countries
Côte d'Ivoire : 40% of national income, employs one million farmers, subsistence for over six million people
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2. Trade and Economy
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1.2. Pesticides for cocoa production
Many harmful plant pests : - insects (mirides, leaf feeder, stem borers, - fungal diseases black pod and brown pod caused by Phythophthora
High losses : 50% and up
Pesticides are used : several active ingredients / various chemical groups
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Côte d'Ivoire : 15 insecticide active ingredients, 7 herbicides, 2 fungicides (2009)
Appropriate use of good quality pesticides: positive impacts
Non compliance with good agricultural practices (phytosanitary treatments) : problems ........
High level pesticide residues in cocoa.
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1. Regulations and standards on pesticide residues
International regulation / standards : more stringent for food quality and food safety, use of pesticides and potential residues in foodstuffs
A large number regulations and standards have been adopted.
II. REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS: THEIR IMPACT
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International organisations (Codex, ISO, etc);
EU 178/2002 of 28/01/2002 (food safety authority, procedures); 882/2004 of 29/04/2004 (official controls); 396/2005 of 23/02/2005 (pesticide MRLs in food and feed);
USA, Japan
‘’Private’’ market driving standards/certification systems
National standards and regulations : NI 33-100 « Café – cacao Guide pour le stockage et le transport
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Positive / Negative
- Specific criteria to follow defined & transparent practices : common understanding, common methods for product description, proof of compliance with regulations, harmonized practices confidence to consumers and official authorities e.g: Regulation (EC) n° 396/2005) : harmonized MRLs in Europe, eliminates differences of MRLs between EU countries
Facilitates exports of cocoa to different EU countries..
2. African producers and international regulations
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- Significant improvement in the quality of the products from the producers, Facilitate market access
- Many standards take into consideration also several aspects of the supply chain/ producers’ well-being, health, social and cultural life, environmental, production sustainability aspects, etc.
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Problems facing farmers
- Too many standards and specifications; too diverse and disparate
smallholders : what to do ?? Because no the appropriate tools and knowledge to get the good information, and to adequately comply with the requirements
Most of cocoa producers do not read/write, limited knowledge on good agricultural practices, including phytosanitary practices.
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- Some of the trade related standards : some requirements not always realistic & doable in producing conditions
- LOD MRLs for no-defined-MRL pesticides
- Existence of long time banned pesticides in some producing areas : fraud and use of non recommended pesticides by some producers.
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III. PERSPECTIVES
- Harmonization of international regulation: Essential, with clear principles based on realistic approaches and feasible practices in the production conditions
- Capacity building stakeholders in the supply chain : many producers & stakeholders have limited phytosanitary and storage knowledge. appropriate capability building activities smallholders and SMEs (training, awareness rising and sensitization
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Adaptation of private standards to local conditions : to enable reuirement adaptation to local conditions
Determination of LOD MRLs: There is a need for determining MRLs for pesticides which still do not have MRLs? avoid the LOD MRL (0.01 mg/kg) requirement
Ban on the production of prohibited pesticides : pesticide industry/regulatory authorities to take actions to stop production and distribution of prohibited pesticides.
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STEP TAKEN AT REGIONAL LEVEL
-Regional and sub regional economic communities in Africa have initiated actions to develop local regulations and standards
- Trend is the harmonization of regulations on food safety, pesticide registration, pesticide use and management
ECOWAS : Regulation establishing the West African registration committee (COAHP/WACPR);
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Sahel Region : Common regulation for pesticide registration through CSP;
Central Africa REC (CEMAC) : CPA; FAO a TCP to include CEAC countries
Southern countries of Africa (SADC) are also very active in this field
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Expectation : Harmonize food safety regulations, pesticide registration procedures, regulate pesticide use and management (obsolete, non-registered, fake/poor quality, prohibited, and pesticide illicit cross-border movements, etc.)
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Echantillonnage (campagne 2007‐2008)Les deux (2) ports (PAA et PASP)Les zones de production
Prétraitement des échantillonsStockageExpertiseBroyage
Méthodes d’analysesParamètres de validation des m
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MERCI POUR VOTRE AIMABLE ATTENTION