International Union for Conservation of Nature Mangroves Forests in Pakistan Mohummad Tahir Qureshi...
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
Mangroves Forests in Pakistan
Mohummad Tahir QureshiMohummad Tahir QureshiCoastal Ecosystem ExpertCoastal Ecosystem ExpertIUCN - PakistanIUCN - Pakistan
International Union for Conservation of Nature
• Largest arid climate mangroves in the World• Maritime Zone is one of the most productive areas in the world• 80 percent of the World’s oil tankers pass through Pakistan water• Government of Pakistan earns 8.8 billion rupees on exports, on an average
annually
International Union for Conservation of Nature
90 million tons is the world wide catches of marine fishes per annum and 0.665 million tons is the catch in Pakistan
About 450 sp: of fish are recorded from Arabian sea and Pakistan has over 100 sp:
25 sp: of fish are of commercial importance
Coastal & Marine Resource Potential
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Over 150,000 people use about 36,000 tons of mangrove fire wood per month along Pakistan coast.
About 16,000 camels, 4,000-6,000 cows and water buffaloes and 2,500 – 3,000 cattle graze in mangroves.
Coastal & Marine Resource Potential
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Distribution of Mangrove Forests along the Coast of Pakistan
Mangrove Categories Year Area in Hectares
1. Dense, normal and sparse mangroves vegetation 1932 604,870
2. Dense, normal and sparsevegetation 1986 440,000
3. Dense, normal and sparsevegetation 1992 160,000
4. Dense, normal and sparse vegetation 2005 86,000 (approx.)
Source: coastal environmental management plan for Pakistan, UNESCAP, GOP, 1996Mangroves of Pakistan – Status & Management, IUCN Pakistan, 2005
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Average Annual & Seasonal Discharge Volumes Downstream of Kotri Barrage
Causes of Changes in Mangrove HabitatCauses of Changes in Mangrove HabitatScarcity of Fresh Water
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Waste disposal and pollution
Causes of Changes in Mangrove HabitatCauses of Changes in Mangrove Habitat
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Marine Pollution
Municipal Waste: 104 million gallons/day
Industrial Waste: 175 million gallons/day
(Tanneries
Power Plants, Steel Mills, Harbours, Ports etc )
Oil Pollution: 1.5 million tons/year
International Conventions relating to SeaMARPOL 73-78
Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matters
Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Control of
Transboundary movement and hazardous waste and their disposal.
Laws Relating to Pakistan
Pakistan Penal Code 1861
Port Act 1905
Factories Act 1934
Regulating Bodies / Agencies
Maritime Security Agency (MSA), Sindh and Balochistan
(Environmental Protection Agencies), Port Authorities, Fish Harbour Authorities
Source: Karachi Development Authority (2000)
Causes of Changes in Mangrove HabitatCauses of Changes in Mangrove Habitat
International Union for Conservation of Nature
• Improper management and over exploitation
Causes of Changes in Mangrove HabitatCauses of Changes in Mangrove Habitat
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Ecological implications of Destruction/Depletion of Mangrove Resources
Change in composition of vegetation
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Ecological implications of Ecological implications of the Destruction of Mangrovesthe Destruction of Mangroves
Sea Intrusion
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Organizations involved –
IUCN-Pakistan, Gwader Development Authority (GDA), Port Qasim Authority, Balochistan & Sindh Forests and Wildlife Deptt, Balochistan Coastal Development Authority, District Govt. Communities
Plantation
Nursery
Mangrove Rehabilitation in Pakistan
Replanting 1987-2008 30,000 hectares
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Re-introduction of 2 mangroves species to increase biodiversity along Balochistan Coast
To develop effective methods of rehabilitating degraded mangroves forests, using both artificial and assisted natural regeneration.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Mangroves protective plantation against natural disaster (cyclone, Tsunami) and sand dunes shifting
New nursery grounds for shrimp and fishes
International Union for Conservation of Nature
• to raise awareness among the coastal communities, in order to promote sustainable use of mangrove forest
• to build the capacity of the Sindh and Balochistan forest departments.
• to provide technical back stropping to the agencies responsible for the conservation of mangrove forests.
Awareness Raising & Capacity BuildingAwareness Raising & Capacity Building
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Honeybee keeping in Mangrove
Mangrove Walkway
Apiculture & Ecotourism
Alternate source of Income for Coastal Community
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Suggestions and Recommendations
• Minimum environmental flows should be released down the Kotri barrage for ecosystem and livelihood of local population.
• The pollution should be treated at source before discharging into the sea.
• Deep sea fishing policy should be developed in consultation with coastal community.
• Government should sanction long term mangrove forests and fisheries rehabilitation project along the coast of Pakistan.
• Coastal communities should be involved in coastal resource management at all levels.
• Communities should be provided alternatives for reducing their dependence on mangrove ecosystems.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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