1

Hee Young Paik, Sc.D.

The Korean Nutrition Society

and

Seoul National University

International Perspectives of Reference Levels of Nutrient Intakes:

KOREA

2005. 11.

• First edition published in 1962.• Current – 7th revision(2000)• Established by

the Korean Nutrition Societysince 6th revision(1995)

• Revised every 5 years• Next revision due in 2005

RDA for Koreans - (1)

• 15 nutrients covered –Energy, protein, 9 vitamins(A, D, E, C, B1, B2, B6,Niacin, Folic acid), 4 minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Zn)

• Groups –Infants (0-4, 5-11 mos); Children (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs); M/F (10-12, 13-15, 16-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64,

65-74, >75 yrs); Pregnancy (1-5, 6-10 mos); Lactation

RDA for Koreans – (2)Determining recommended levels for KRDA

Perc

enta

ge o

f in

div

iduals

(low) Level of requirement (high)

Energy

Perc

enta

ge o

f in

div

iduals

(low)

Average

requirement

Level of requirement (high)

Other Nutrients

Safe level

of intake

Evaluation of dietary dataNutrition education and guides for food selectionFood assistance programsMilitary food planning and policyInstitutional dietary assessment and planningAssessment of disease riskFood labels and nutritional marketingClinical dieteticsFood fortification and development of new product

Reported uses of dietary standards

• Increase in chronic diseases

• Increased consumption of “western foods”especially by young people

• Increase in away-from-home eating

• Large variation of diet among different age groups

• Increased intake of Supplements

Recent changes and concerns in Korea related to diet and health

Need for new dietary standards

2

• More accurate dietary assessment for identification of high risk groups both for over- and undernutrition

• Easier for group food service planning• Easier application for chronic disease prevention an

d management• Easier application for nutrition education and dietary

guidance for various groups• Guidance to avoid toxicity of excess intake

These changes require improvements in dietary standards to be wider in scope and applicability

• Introduction

Hee Young Paik (Seoul National University, Korea)

• Background and Overview of DRIs processAllison A. Yates (National Academy of Sciences)

John W. Erdman, Jr. (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

• Using the DRIs to plan and assess individual intakesMary Poos (National Academy of Sciences)

• Using the DRIs to plan and assess group intakesSuzanne Murphy (CRCH, Univ. of Hawaii)

• How DRIs differ from WHO’s RNIsLindsay Allen (Univ. of California at Davis)

• DiscussionJohanna Dwyer; Janet C. King; Wha Young Kim; Jin Sook Yoon

Planning Committee

Ca, Vitamin D, Phosphorus, Mg

Folate & B Vitamins

Vitamins C, E, Se, Carotenoids

Vitamins A, Fe, Zn, etc

Electrolytes

Energy & Macronutrients

Applications Subcommittee

Age/Phys. Std.

DietaryAssessment

Meal Planning

Upper ReferenceLevels Subcommittee

Special Age Group(P/L/I)

Structure of the KDRIs Committee

Food Guide Tower

ReviewCommittee

CoordinationCommittee

Age/Phys. Std.

DietaryAssessment

Advisory Committee

~ 90 members

Process of KDRIs

Planning Committee (July, 2002)

Panels and subcommittees (April, 2004)

▪ Review of reports from other countries▪ Literature Review using Evidence_based Approach▪ Submitted 1st draft (March, 2005)

Review/Coordinating Committees (Jan. 2005)

▪ Review of the process and the 1st draft▪ Joint meetings

10 workshops – Internal and External

Open Hearing (July, 2005)

Release of the KDRIs and International Symposium (Nov. 2005)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

• Estimated Average Requirements(EAR; 평균필요량)

• Recommended Intake(RI; 권장섭취량)

• Adequate Intake(AI; 충분섭취량)

• Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL; 상한섭취량)

Age groups

Lactation

Pregnancy

M/F*

Children*

Infants

Not dividedNot divided

Not divided except for energy & energy-related vitamins

1-5, 6-10 mos.

6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-19,

20-29, 30-49, 50-64,

65-74, >75 yrs

10-12, 13-15, 16-19

20-29, 30-49, 50-64

65-74, >75 yrs

1-2, 3-5 yrs1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs

0-5, 6-11 mos.0-4, 5-11 mos.

KDRIs7th KRDA

• Some changes to match other national data andto reflect earlier pubertal maturation

Physical Standards

1. Data sources reviewed• 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey

-> Representative sampling of ~12000 individuals• 2004 Agency for Technology and Standards –

Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy->Representative sampling of ~40,000 individuals

• Growth standards by the Korean Pediatric Society

2. Reference Height & Weight• Data from ATS Used• Height – median of each age group • Weight – up to 19 years : median

20~74 years : BMI 22 for median heightover 75 years – same as 65~74 yr group

Nutrients included in KDRIs

Fe, Zn, Cu, F, I, Mn, Se, Mo

Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K

C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic acid, Biotin

A, D, E, K

Energy*, Protein, Ess. amino acids, fiber, AMDR, Water

Nutrients Included

Trace Minerals

Major Minerals

Water-soluble Vitamins

Fat-sol. Vitamins

Energy & Macronutrients

Subcommittees

* Included in the 7th revision, KRDA

√Pantothenic acid

√√√Vitamin C

√√Vitamin B12

√√√Folate

√Biotin

√√√Vitamin B6

√√√Niacin

√√Riboflavin

√√Thiamin

√Vitamin K

√√Vitamin E

√√Vitamin D

√√√Vitamin A

√Water

√√Ess. Amino Acids

√√Protein

√Total Fiber

EEREnergy*

ULAIRIEARNutrient

√Mo

√√√I

√√F

√√Mn

√√√Se

√√√Cu

√√√Zn

√√√Fe

√Cl

√K

∗√Na

√√√Mg

√√√P

√√√Ca

ULAIRIEARNutrient

* AMDR for CHO, Fat, Protein* Intake Goal

Appendices

Food Guide

Reference Values for

Nutrition Labeling

Food Composition Tables

RDAs of Other Countries

Dietary Guidelines

KRDA, 7th Revision KDRIs

Revised

Deleted

CDRevisedDeleted

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Food Guide

Future Plans

• Dissemination of information- Nutritionists, dieticians, teachers, etc.

- Other health professionals

- Public

• Applications - Nutrition Labeling

- Food Service

- Dietary Assessment

(DBs needed for many nutrients)

• More Research

• Next revision ???

Media Coverage

Thank you !!!