International Journal of Refrigeration Volume 2 Issue 2 1979 [Doi...

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    e l e c t r i c h e a t e r s e m b e d d e d i n t h e o u t d o o r c o i l, a n d

    in m i l d e r w e a t h e r d e f r o s t i n g is a c h i e v e d w i t h o u t t h e

    h e a t e r s b y s t o p p i n g t h e c o m p r e s s o r a n d c o n t i n u i n g

    t o c i r c u l a t e o u t d o o r a i r o v e r t h e c o i l. T h e e m b e d d e d

    h e a t e r s a r e r a te d a t 4 . 5 k W a n d h a v e p r o v e d

    e x t r e m e l y e f fe c t i v e a t r e m o v i n g f r o s t r a p i d ly

    T h e n e e d f o r d e f r o s t i n g i s s e n s e d b y t h e i n c r e a s e i n

    t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e ,

    DT,

    b e t w e e n c o i l a n d a i r

    t e m p e r a t u r e s t o a l e v e l a b o v e a p r e s e t l e v e l , DT* .

    T h e m e t h o d o f d e f r o s t i n g ( e l e c t r i c h e a t e r s o r

    o u t d o o r a i r c i r c u l a t i o n ) is d e t e r m i n e d b y w h e t h e r o r

    n o t t h e a i r t e m p e r a t u r e , T~, i s b e l o w a s e t p o i n t , T ~*,

    T a b l e 3 . C o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

    a b l e a u 3 . C a r a c t ~ r i s t i q u e s d e l a r ~ g u l a t i o n

    C o n d i t i o n s

    O p e r a t i o n

    O u t d o o r f a n I n d o o r f a n De f r o s t

    and hea te r

    c o m p r e s s o r

    No r m a l r u n n in g O p e r a t e s w i t h O n r o o m O f f

    D T < D T * )

    i n d o o r f a n t h e r m o s t a t

    c o n t r o l

    Co ld we a t h e r

    d e f r o s t

    D T > D T * , T J D T * , T , ~ >

    T~,*)

    Of f Of f 0 n

    0 n Of f Of f

    a n d d e f r o s t i n g is t e r m i n a t e d w h e n t h e c o i l

    t e m p e r a t u r e , T ,, e x c e e d s a p r e d e t e r m i n e d l e v e l , 7-.:*.

    T h e s e o p e r a t i o n s a r e s u m m a r i z e d in T a b l e 3.

    E x p e c t e d c o n t r o l s e t t i n g s a re

    D T *

    = 1 0 - 1 5 K ,

    T ~ * = 3 - 5 C , T o * = ( T a * - 2 ) C , b u t o p t i m a l s e t t i n g s

    w i l l b e d e t e r m i n e d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y .

    D e v e l o p m e n t p r o g r a m m e

    O n e u n i t o f t h e a b o v e d e s i g n h a s be e n c o n s t r u c t e d

    i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y , a n d , i s t o b e f u l l y t e s t e d b o t h i n a

    c a l o r i m e t e r a n d in a h o u s e i n s t a l l a t i o n . F e w r e s u l ts

    a r e a v a i l a b l e a t t h e t i m e o f w r i t i n g , b u t p r e l i m i n a r y

    i n d i c a t i o n s s h o w t h a t b o th th e o p t i m u m c h a r g e a n d

    c a p i l l a r y l e n g t h d i f fe r f r o m c a l c u l a t e d v a l u e s , an d

    w i l l r e q u i r e e x p e r i m e n t a l o p t i m i z a t i o n o n a t r i a l-

    a n d - e r r o r b a s i s . T h i s o p t i m i z a t i o n w i l l b e c a r r i e d

    o u t i n t h e c a l o r i m e t e r , a n d a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e

    d e f r o s t c o n t r o l s y s t e m w i l l b e c a r r i e d o u t w i t h t h e

    u n i t i n s t a l l e d in a n u n o c c u p i e d r e s e a r c h h o u s e .

    C o n c l u s i o n s

    T h e d e f i c i e n c i e s o f a v a i l a b l e e q u i p m e n t i n m e e t i n g

    t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a d o m e s t i c s p a c e h e a t i n g h e a t

    p u m p i n B r i t a i n h a v e b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d , a n d a

    n e w l y d e s i g n e d u n i t h a s b e e n c o n s t r u c t e d w h i c h

    o v e r c o m e s t h e s e d e f i c i e n c i e s T h i s u n i t i s b a s e d o n

    i m p r o v e d h e a t e x c h a n g e r s i z i n g an d a n o v e l d e f r o s t

    c o n t r o l s y s t e m , a nd c o u l d p r o v e t o b e a n i m p o r t a n t

    e n e r g y s a v e r in t h e fu t u r e .

    R e f e r e n c e s

    H eap ,

    R.D. Am erican he at pumps in British houses

    Etektrowarme Internationa l35. A2, A77-A81

    Blundell, C .J. O pt imising heat exchangers for air- to-air

    space heat ing hea t pumps in the United K ingdom In tJ

    EnergyReseareh

    1 (1977) 1 ,69 -94

    Edison E lectr ic Inst i tute

    Heat pum p ~mprovement

    research project f inal report, EEl Pub lication 71-901 (May

    1971)

    He is an Associate F ellow of

    the Institute of Mathematics

    and its Applications, a

    Membe r of the Chartered

    : : : Institution of Building Ser-

    vices, and a Memb er of the

    Association of Supervisory

    and Execut ive Engineers.

    R.D . Heap graduated in

    mathematics and worked for

    a few years on the physical

    testing of polymers. Since

    1 967 he has been a

    Research Officer at the

    Electricity Council Research

    Centre, where he has

    developed storage heat ing

    equipment, studied energy

    use in house s, and has been

    responsible for evaluating

    and developing heat pumps

    for possible domestic appli-

    cations. His book Heat

    Pumps wil l be published

    early this year

    J

    Chr is Blund el l is a Research

    Officer

    at the

    Electricity

    Council Research Centre,

    w her e he has

    worked on heat

    pump deve lopment f o r t h ree

    years. He joined the Cen tre

    after obtaining a BSc degree

    in physics at University

    College, London in 1975. He

    is an Associate M ember of

    the Institute of Physics

    1 0 4 I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f R e f r i g e r a t i o n