International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions - Vol 2_Issue 2

International Journal of

Chemical Synthesis and Chemical

Reactions

IJCSCR

Jul–Dec 2016

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

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Dr. A. ThirupathaiahDepartment of Chemistry, Chaitanya Degree &

PG Colleges, Hanmakonda, Warangal, India

Dr. Ahmad Reza MassahDepartment of Chemistry, School of Basic

Sciences, Islamic Azad University,Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran

Dr. Ajit Manharlal BhavsarDishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Ltd.,

Ahmedabad, India

Dr. Anuja ChauhanArni University,

Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Dr. Asif MahmoodDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King

Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Dr. Avinash SonarDepartment of Chemistry, VSN Arts,

Commerce & Science College, Jalagaon, Mumbai, India

Dr. C Jaya KumarDepartment of Chemical Engineering,A. C. Technology, Anna University,

Chennai, India

Dr. Chennamsetty SubramanyamBapatla Engineering College, Bapatla,

India

Dr. Dnyaneshwar WankhedeSwami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University,

Vishnupuri, Nanded MS, India

Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad ShaikhNavnirman Science College, Surat, Gujarat,

India

Dr. Hitesh D PatelGujarat University, India

Kasim Mohammed HelloAl-Muthanna University, Iraq

Dr. Krishna Namdev AlasundkarGovernment College of Engineering, Karad

Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

Dr. Lakhwinder SinghDepartment of Applied Science, CGC College

of Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India

Dr. M. R. JayapalNarasaraopeta Engineering College,

Narasaraopeta, Guntur, India

Dr. Mohamed AbasharDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College

of Engineering, King Saud University,Saudi Arabia

Dr. Mohammed Shaheer MalikCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,

India

Dr. Nandkumar M. PatilWockhardt R & D Center, Aurangabad,

India

Dr. Nitinkumar S. ShettyDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University

(Manipal), India

Dr. Perumal RamachandranKongunadu College of Engineering and

Technology, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Pradeep Kumar RanaDepartment of BSH, GIET, Gunupur, Odisha,

India

Dr. R. P. BadoniCollege of Engineering Studies, University of

Petroleum & Energy Studies, India

Dr. Rajeev SinghDepartment of Chemistry, ARSD, University of

Delhi, India

Prof. Rajneesh Dutt KaushikGurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India

Ramakrishna RaoDepartment of Chemistry, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bangalore,

India

Dr. Rekha LagarkhaDepartment of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Saeed KhodabakhshiNanotechnology Research Center,

Research Institute of Petroleum Industry,Tehran, Iran

Dr. Sameena BanoJamia Hamdard, India

Dr. Samson Maria Louis NSri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore, Chennai, India

Dr. Shubha JainSchool of Studies in Chemistry &

Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Dr. Someshwar Dagduappa DindulkarDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Global hall 413, Konkuk

University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, South Korea

Dr. Sudalai Kumar SFrancis Xavier Engineering College,

Vannarpet Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Suryya K RanaDungarpur College of Engineering &

Technology, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India

Dr. Tanveer AlamUniversity of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa,

Sultanate of Oman, Oman

Dr. V. ChristopherDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Andhra

University, Visakhapatnam, India

Dr. Vajjiravel MurugesanDepartment of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman

University, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Prof. Velluru SrideviDepartment of Chemical Engineering,A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra

University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Wilson Mbiti NjueDepartment of Chemistry, Kenyatta University,

Nairobi Kenya, Kenya

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions. This

journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present chemical

synthesis and chemical reactions issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent

studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Chemical Synthesis

Reactions as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific

and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the chemical synthesis reactions Science

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions in Journals Pub is

to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in chemical reactions in

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excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions focuses on original high-quality

research in the realm of Electrosynthesis, Methods in organic synthesis, Peptide synthesis, Reaction

mechanism, Kinetic analysis, Combustion, and many more.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of chemical

synthesis reactions and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the chemical synthesis

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creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting

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This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for chemistry readers and will

stimulate further research into the vibrant area of chemical synthesis and reactions.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Controlling Catalytic Reactions: Recent Report Amit Kumar 1

2. Synthesis, Spectral and Magnetic Moment Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Vanadium (II) Tetra Hydrate Ajay Agarwal, Virendra Mishra, Babita Agarwal 3

3. Identifying Chemical Combination in Consumer Products – A ReportVarun Singh Parmar 10

4. Successful Synthesis of Organic Molecules with Increased Conductivity and DurabilityDayananda Singh Konjengbam 12

5. Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids With Potassium Hexathiocyanato Chromium (III) Tetra-hydrateAjay Agarwal, Virendra Mishra, Satnam Arora 14

Contents

IJCSCR (2016) 1-2 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Chemical Synthesis & Chemical Reactions Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Controlling Catalytic Reactions: Recent Report

Amit Kumar Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Catalysts play an important role in various

chemical reactions. Their prime role is to

speed up the reaction. Catalysts are

required in very small amounts and are not

consumed during the reaction. Today,

catalysts are not only required by chemists

to accelerate their chemical processes but

they have become a crucial part of the

industrial sector as well [1]. This is

because use of catalyst in accelerating the

reaction rate is also associated with the

fact that a chemical compound can be

synthesized more economically and

cleanly.

In a recent research led by a group of

scientists at the University of Toronto, it is

found that the catalytic reactions can be

made more specific and faster. This

research has been carried out by the Nobel

Prize winner John Polanyi, a renowned

chemist and his team [2]. They observed

that altering the position of the molecule

relative to the catalytic surface, renders the

. process of catalysis highly bond-specific

The reaction mechanism becomes more

selective when the alignment of the bonds

in the molecules was closer to the rows of

atoms in the catalyst.

The team carried out carious experiments

involving organic compound iodobenzene.

Here, metallic copper was used as the

catalyst. Reaction was initiated by

movement of an electron that was

transferred from the tip of the microscope

towards iodobenzene [2]. This resulted in

breaking of carbon-to-iodine bonds in the

presence of the catalyst (copper). It was

found that the reactivity of carbon-to-

iodine bonds got accelerated when those

bonds were in the alignment to rows of

atoms of the catalyst i.e., copper; than that

when the carbon-to-iodine bonds were

aligned across the copper rows. A 100-fold

difference was observed in the reactivity

of the reaction depending on the position

of bonds in specific directions on the

catalyst (Figure 1) [2].



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Synthesis, Spectral and Magnetic Moment Studies of Mixed

Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium

Hexathiocyanato Vanadium (II) Tetra Hydrate

Ajay Agarwal*, Virendra Mishra, Babita Agarwal B.S.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, UP, India

ABSTRACT

Preparation and characterization of several hydroxamic acids of 3,4,5-trimethoxy

benzohydroxamic acids(TMBHA), N-phenyl–3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic

acid(PTMBHA), 3,4-dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(DMBHA) and N-phenyl-3,4-

dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(PDMBHA) were prepared and reacted with potassium

hexathiocynato vandate (II) K4[V(NCS)6].3H2O tetra hydrate. The mixed ligand complexes of

hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point identification, by I.R.

studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance’s and by elemental analysis (C, H and N). The

geometry of complexes were found to be octahedral. On the basis of these facts, the structure

of the metal complexes found to be K2 [M(Lʹ)2(L1)2], K3[M(Lʹ)4(L2)], K2[M(Lʹ)2(L3)2] and

K3[M(Lʹ)4(L4)].

Keywords: hydroxamic acids, potassium hexathiocynato vanadate (II) and mixed ligand

complexes

INTRODUCTION

Hydroxamic acids can form metal

complexes with a wide range of metals.[1]

Hydroxamic acids act as bidentate ligand

coordinates as an O, O and O, N donor

sites. Hydroxamic acids form typical

octahedral complexes with transition

metals. The mixed ligand complexes of

hydroxamic acids acts as biological and

biocidal activities,[2]

hypotensive,[3]

anticancer,[4]

anti-malarial,[5]

anti-

tuberculosis

properties[6]

antibiotic,[7]

antibiotic antagonist,[8]

tumor inhibitor,[9]

antifungal agents,[10]

pharmaceutical[11]

and industrial applications.[12]

The

introduction of secondary coordinating

group like thiocynate does not change the

coordination behavior of coordination (O,

O) as bridging bis-chelating ligand. Very

scanty work has been done with V (II)

metal with hydroxamic acids.[13–15]

Hence,

keeping the above facts in mind, we

thought it is worthwhile to isolate some

new complexes of hydroxamic acids with

V (II) and thiocynate group as bridging

chelating ligand. The interaction of

Vanadium and hydroxamic acids gained a

special interest owing to their use as

bioinorganic model compounds to study

their enzymatic interactions.[16]

Vanadium

has been known as an essential nutritional

element that is found in remarkably high

concentrations in marine ascidians[17]

; in

certain mushrooms.[18]

Much of the

interest is due to insulin mimetic potential

role of vanadium,[19–22]

therefore new

drugs of the vanadium complexes have

been proposed to function as potent.

Vanadium is physiologically important

trace element effective in helping to

increase insulin sensitivity. Essential

nutritional requirement in higher animals,



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Identifying Chemical Combination in Consumer

Products – A Report

Varun Singh Parmar* Department of Pharmacy, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT

Chemical are both helpful as well as harmful. When used cautiously under preset and

standardized protocols, they carry out several chemical reactions and synthesis. However,

many of the products synthesized using chemicals have harmful effects. Many of the everyday

use products such as cosmetics, detergents, toothpaste, etc., are composed of chemicals about

which we are not aware of. These have several harmful side-effects and long term health

issues associated with them. In a recent study, emphasis was laid down to identify the

prevalence of individual chemical ingredients in daily use consumer products.

Keywords: chemical, harmful, synthesized product

BACKGROUND

Chemicals are not only useful in chemical

processes; they have some harmful effects

also. Humans are exposed to a variety of

industrially synthesized products

everyday. These include the daily used

items such as soaps, toothpaste, shampoos,

lotions, creams, make-up materials, body

spray, etc. these products contain dozens

of chemicals which might not be useful or

healthy and rather have associated health

risks, either individually or in

combination. In a recent research by

professors at the University of Illinois

School of Information Sciences, an

approach was made to determine the

prevalence of individual ingredients and

their most likely combinations in

consumer products [1]. Consumer

chemical product implies to those

materials that consist of a mixture of

chemicals and/or brings about a chemical

reaction when used by the consumer [2].

To identify the chemicals present in the

daily used consumer products, the

researchers used a web-scraping program.

This program could collect name of

different products, categories and the

several ingredient lists that were used in

synthesis of the consumable products. The

information and data was retrieved from

the online portal of retail sites such as

Drugstore.com. This database is now

available with details of nearly 39,000

products and above 32,000 ingredient

names. Once, the list of ingredients in

consumer products was made, next step

followed was to solve the problem of

chemical synonymy i.e., the exercise of

using various names for the same

substance. This was important to have

accurate counting while inserting the same

product name multiple times.

Professor Catherine Blake along with his

doctoral student Henry Gabb identified 55

potential chemicals related with endocrine-

disruption and asthma disorder using the

techniques of gas chromatography-mass

spectrometry analysis with the objective of

determining the level of these chemicals in

consumable products.



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Successful Synthesis of Organic Molecules with Increased

Conductivity and Durability

Dayananda Singh Konjengbam* Department of Chemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India

ABSTRACT

Organic molecules are central to biological and chemical systems. Organic molecules are

mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon. These constitute the building blocks for all living

organism. Chemists and scientist are curious in synthesizing organic molecules that have

increased conductivity and durability. Several techniques have been developed and modified

to achieve this target. A novel method has been discussed for synthesis of organic molecules

with enhanced conductivity and durability.

Keywords: biological, organic, synthesis

BACKGROUND

Organic molecules play central role in

biological as well as chemical systems.

Due to this, their synthesis draws much

attention of the scientists from all over the

world. Scientists have developed a vast

range of methods to synthesize and

develop several organic molecules having

varying properties and utilization.

Organic molecules comprised of single

elements have been in synthesis from last

several years. These molecules though

good polymers are however not ideal

charge conductors. Such molecules do not

exhibit carriers through which electric

charge can pass through. Due to this

limitation, they have not been good

electric conductors. To modify their

property, molecules combined with other

metals have been synthesized for use as

conductors. This practice has been in

exercise from last 50 years. Combination

with different metals alters the inherent

property of the original molecule enabling

generation of charge carriers. This practice

however had a major limitation with the

stability and durability of the synthesized

molecule. Also, synthesizing pure organic

molecules made of a single component

requires high pressure of at least 1 giga

pascal (GPa) in order to obtain conductive

like metal. This is difficult as an ambient

pressure was required all the time during

synthesis process. It is always important to

understand the structure and function

relationship while synthesizing an organic

molecule with required properties. Also,

the control and regulation of the physical

and chemical properties related to the

targeted structure and function should be

taken into consideration. Several

properties that are needed to be considered

include [1]:

Ionization potential

Electron affinity

Madelung energy

Coulomb energy

Density of state

Fermi level

Chemical potential

Bandwidth

Acidity and basicity

Transfer interaction, etc.

IJCSCR (2016) 14–21 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved


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Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of

Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Chromium

(III) Tetra-hydrate

Ajay Agarwal*, Virendra Mishra, Satnam Arora

B.S.A College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Some hydroxamic acids e.g. [L1= benzohydroxamic acids (BHA), L2= N-phenyl–

benzohydroxamic acid (NPBHA), L3= pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PHA) and L4=N-

phenyl-pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PPHA) prepared and reacted with L’=Potassium

hexathiocynato chromium (III) tetra hydrate K3[Cr(SCN)6]4H2O. The mixed ligand

complexes of hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point, by I.R.

studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance and by elemental analysis(C,H and N). The

stoichiometry of the complexes were found to be 1:2(M:L) molar ratio. The geometry of

complexes was found to be octahedral. On the basis of these facts the structure of the metal

complexes found to be K [M(L’)2(L1)2], K2[M(L’)4(L2)], K2[M(L’)4(L3)] and K[M(L’)2(L4)2].

Keywords: hydroxamic acids, mixed ligand complexes, potassium hexathiocynato

chromium (III)

INTRODUCTION

Hydroxamic acids are the versatile organic

compounds possessing biological1 and

biocidal activities2-7

. It is now evident that

these weak acids possess specific

biological activities8, that are largely

attributed to their complexing properties

towards transition metals9-10

, their

complexing properties toward transition-

metal ions11

, food additives12-13

, antibiotic

antagonists, tumor inhibitors14-15

, show

significant inhibition of HIV protease in

vitro16

, antifungal agents17

,cell divisions

factors, versatile analytical reagents18-19

and several of them have been used as

anti-malarial drugs20-21

agents, anti-cancer,

antifungal and antibacterial activity,

toxilogical, pharmacological importance22

and their –NO releasing properties23-24

.

Hydroxamic acids have bivalent

coordination mode i.e., through the

oxygen of deprotonated hydroxamic acids

and through carbonyl oxygen atom (O,O)

As a result, they are powerful ligand for a

great number of metal ions25-26

. The

introduction of secondary coordinating

group like thiocynate does not change the

coordination behavior of coordination

(O,O) as bridging bis-chelating ligand27-28

.

Very scanty work has been done with the

Cr (III) metal with hydroxamic acids.

The importance of chromium in

mammalian metabolism has been studied

greatly. Diet deficient in chromium

develops a visible eye lesion, which

causes opacity29

, hence keeping the above

facts in mind, we thought it is worthwhile

to isolate some new complexes of

hydroxamic acids with Cr (III) and

thiocynate group as bridging chelating

ligand. Chromium compounds enhanced

the action of insulin30

outstanding activity

is manifested by the chromium complexes

extracted from the brewer’s yeast and pork

kidney powder. These act as a co-factor in

International Journal of

Chemical Synthesis and Chemical

Reactions

IJCSCR

Jul–Dec 2016

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

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