International Energy Agency (IEA)~Geothermal Implementing Agreement

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Reflecting on 18 Years of Successful International Collaboration with a

View to the Future

M.A. Mongillo Secretary IEA-GIA & GNS Science,

Wairakei, New Zealand

C.J. BromleyChairman IEA-GIA & GNS Science,

Wairakei, New Zealand

World Geothermal Congress 2015; Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015

Current Global Energy Scene Growth in global energy demand is expected to continue Recent IEA Studies (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013) show

5% increase in total primary energy supply (TPES) 2009-2010 For 2010-2011

• 3.1% increase in TPES (to 13,113 Mtoe (549 EJ)• 3.2% increase in electricity production (to 12,126 TWh)• Associated CO2 emissions increased 3.4% (to 31,342 Mt)

– 2012 estimates even higher: 31,600 MtContinuing along the current energy demand growth path, even with current positive government policies, will likely result in:

• 2020 energy-related GHG emissions ~4 Gt higher than consistent with 2 °C target• 3.6-5.3 °C increase in global temperature relative to pre-industrial levels by 2100

Now- real concern of not achieving limit of 2 °C increase

TPES

Current Global Energy Scene IEA continues investigate range scenarios to identify options to reduce emissions and

achieve the global temperature rise limit of 2 °C Most recent and encouraging: the Four-for-2 °C Scenario

• Can reduce growth in emissions to 3.1 Gt by 2020– ~80% savings needed for 2 °C path– No net economic cost

• Four policies– Adopt specific energy efficiency measures; e.g., energy performance for lighting– Limit construction and use least-efficient coal-fired power plants

• Great use of gas and renewable energies– Minimize CH4 emissions from upstream oil&gas venting and flaring– Accelerate partial phase-out subsidies to fossil-fuels consumption (US$ 523 B)

These policies can:Deliver significant reductions by 2020;

Rely only on existing technologies;Already adopted and proven in several countries;

Taken together would not harm economic growth in any country/region

Awareness current global energy situation and possible calamitous future climate change outcomes strong incentives for urgent action

Recent IPCC Reports and IEA Geothermal Roadmap conclude:Geothermal energy can make substantial contribution by providing

Long-term, secure, baseload electricity generation, and thermal energy for direct usesBy 2050: provide >3% global electricity demand and ~5% demand for heat

The International Energy Agency (IEA)

Founded in 1974 in response to oil crisis Energy forum for 29 countries Works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for all countries Provides authoritative and unbiased research, statistics, analysis and

recommendations Focus on balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic

development, environmental awareness & engagement worldwide Implementing Agreements

Share research on breakthrough technologies Fill existing research gaps

Deploy or demonstrate technology & build pilot plants Currently 41 Implementing Agreements

Ten Renewable Energy Technologies Bioenergy, Geothermal, Hydrogen, Hydropower, Ocean Energy Systems,

Photovoltaic Power Systems, Renewable Energy Technology Deployment, Solar Heating and Cooling, Solar PACES and Wind Energy Systems

IEA Geothermal (GIA)

Established in March 1997 (operating 18 yrs) Well into 4th Term of operation (2013-2018) Provides versatile framework for

international cooperation among national, industry and organization geothermal programmes for Sharing information; developing technologies,

techniques and best practices for• Exploration, Development, Utilization

Producing & disseminating authoritative information and databases

Currently 18 Members: 14 Countries: Australia, France, Germany,

Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States, & EC

3 Industry/Organization Members: CanGEA, Geothermal Group- APPA, ORMAT Technologies

Secretariat at GNS, Taupo, New Zealand

Mission

To promote the sustainable utilization of geothermal energy worldwide by optimizing

international collaboration to improve technologies, thereby rendering exploitable the vast and widespread global geothermal

resources, by facilitating knowledge transfer, by providing high quality information and by widely communicating geothermal energy’s

strategic, economic and environmental benefits, hence contributing to the

mitigation of climate change.

The GIA’s 4th Term Mission

To realize this Mission, GIA participants take part in one or more tasks in the current six major study areas (Annexes)

Current ActivitiesAnnex I: Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development (1997)

Clearly identify possible environmental effects and devise and adopt methods to avoid or minimize their impact.

Annex VII: Advanced Geothermal Drilling & Logging Technologies (2001) Investigate and promote methods to reduce drilling costs and logging

needs, clarify best practices and encourage the sharing of methods and technologies.

Annex VIII: Direct Use of Geothermal Energy (2003) Address all aspects of direct use technology with emphasis on

improving implementation, reducing costs and enhancing use.

Annex X: Data Collection and Information (2009/2010) Collect and analyze current capacity and use data.

Annex XI: Induced Seismicity (2010) Determine necessary actions to make EGS fluid injection a safe

and economical technology acceptable by the public and useful to the industry.

Annex XII: Deep Roots of Volcanic Geothermal Systems (2014) Advance knowledge on the nature and characteristics of the

heat sources and heat transfer in the roots of volcanic geothermal systems.

Annex III: Enhanced Geothermal Systems (1997; closed 2014)

Benefits of Membership

Increases R&D capabilities by combining efforts Avoids duplication and unproductive research Improves R&D cost effectiveness Provides easier access to key information,

research results and technological capabilities Provides impartial information and analysis to

help guide national policies and programmes Provides the opportunity to review current

issues, on-going and future research directions Helps develop technical standards and methods Investigates barriers to implementation Contributes to the development of energy

policies

Successful collaboration provides important benefits and contributions to Members and

international community

IEA Geothermal Representation

IEA support- raises profile of geothermal on international political scene

GIA significantly increased participation IEA RE Meetings and Workshops

GIA and “geothermal” representation NEET Workshops (Beijing, Moscow) Contributions to IEA publications

Energy Technology Initiatives 2013- Drilling Down Geothermal Costs- Annex VII

IEA OPEN Bulletin (>12,000 subscribers) Dealing with Induced Seismicity 2007 (Wikipedia) Review of WGC 2010

IEA Technology Roadmap for Geothermal Heat and Power 2011

Contributions and Achievements

GIA Participants testing a high temperature logging tool in a geothermal well to determine how to reduce costs (ETI 2013).

Cooperation with Other International Groups

Joint GIA/IGA Workshop on Geothermal Global Development Potential and Contribution to Mitigation of Climate Change- Madrid 2009

IPCC SRREN Report 2011- Chapter 4-Geothermal Energy

Lead/Contributing Authors and Reviewers IPGT/GIA Annex XI Joint Activities on Induced

Seismicity Induced Seismicity Protocol USDOE Geothermal Technologies Peer Review

2011, 2012 International Geothermal Association Joint effort to collect and publish up-to-date geothermal

power and direct heat use on annual basis

Contributions and Achievements

Redesigned Annexes Annex I (Environmental Impacts)

Sustainable Utilization Strategies Annex VIII (Direct Use)

Innovative Direct Use Applications Communication Guidelines for Geothermal Energy Statistics Statistics for GHP Applications

Initiated new Annexes X (Data Collection and Information)

2013- extended data collection to four non-Member countries (Indonesia, El Salvador, Kenya, Turkey)

XI (Induced Seismicity) Joint activity with IPGT

XII (Deep Roots of Volcanic Geothermal Systems)

Initiated Proposal Funding Scheme in 2009 Ten proposals funded (US$ 10 k each) Geothermics Special Issue- Sustainable Use Participation at several international workshops Global Review of Geothermal Reporting Terminology Co-supported:

Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy: Suitable Applications and Opportunities for Canada

Technology Cross-over between EGS and Hydrothermal Technology

Contributions and AchievementsExpanded Research and Information Activities

Major GIA Emphasis-Information Dissemination

Comprehensive public website: www.iea-gia.org

Comprehensive GIA Annual Reports Trends in Geothermal Applications annual

reports Participation at major international

renewable energy and geothermal conferences (Posters, Paper Presentations & Documents)

RE 2008 (Busan, Korea) WGC 2000, 2005, 2010 European Geothermal Congress (Pisa, Italy) GRC (2008-12) ; SGRW (2007-12) NZGW (2007-12)

Contributions and Achievements

GIA/GNS International Geothermal Sustainability Modelling Workshop, November, 2008, Taupo, NZ

GIA/IGA Global Development Potential, May 2009, Madrid, Spain

Provided input for IPCC SRREN report GIA/GNS Science How to Mitigate Environmental

Impacts of Geothermal Development Workshop, June 2012, Taupo, NZ

GIA/EDC Seminar on Innovative Ways to Enhance Permeability, Reduce Drilling Costs and Sustain Geothermal Production, September 2013, Tagaytay, Philippines

Joint International Seminars and Workshops

Highlighted Efforts

Geothermics Special Issue- Sustainable Utilization of Geothermal Energy

Guest Editors: Mike Mongillo & Guðni Axelsson 11 Papers (Electricity Generation & Direct Heat Use (incl. GHPs) Published: December 2010, Issue 39/4

Geothermal Sustainability Reservoir Modelling- 53rd SIMS Conference, Reykyavik, Iceland (October 2012)

SustainabilityHighlighted Efforts

Reducing Drilling Costs

Well drilling costs/performance database

Well costs simulator Drilling best-practices

handbook (December 2010)

Highlighted Efforts

IEA Technology Roadmap- Geothermal Heat and Power

3 International workshops Paris, USA and Indonesia

Several GIA contributors Published June 2011

Highlighted Efforts

Future Directions and Prospects Geothermal development continues to grow globally; BUT

Technical, political, financial & perceived barriers remain GIA’s efforts aim to raise geothermal recognition among the other

renewables and help overcome these barriers GIA will focus on key areas:

Refine global geothermal resource potential estimates and development costs Improve strategies for sustainable development and optimized performance Devise cost-effective EGS reservoir stimulation technologies that minimize

potential effects of induced seismicity Continue development of the database for geothermal drilling costs and

publish the spreadsheet calculator and seminar on geothermal drilling best practices

Collect current resource & development data/information, provide on the web Promote benefits of geothermal and contribution mitigate climate change Participate in major international and IEA meetings Convene international workshops and seminars Continue Membership growth

Indonesia, Philippines, China, India, etc.

Conclusions GIA has enjoyed considerable success through

its 18 years of international collaboration We believe that geothermal will contribute

significantly to the provision of energy to help satisfy the growing global demand,

BUT WE NEED TO:

Improve & develop new technologies Promote benefits of geothermal and its long-

term sustainable use Stress the contribution geothermal can make

to mitigation of climate change

This will require significant effort IEA-GIA is well placed to help lead this

international effort well into the future There is a Bright Future ahead The GIA invites and encourages new

membership from those who wish to contribute, to join us in this venture!

To Find Out More About The GIA

Visit the GIA Website

at

www.iea-gia.orgor

Contact the IEA-GIA Secretary

mongillom@reap.org.nz