INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt...

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE

Reducing Standby Power to

1 Watt (and less)

Alan MeierInternational Energy Agency

[email protected] at KEMCO

29 July 2004

Updated 30 July 2004


Seminar Plan

What is standby power?How large is standby?The IEA 1 Watt PlanPolicies to cut standbyThe future


What is Standby Power?

Power consumed by an appliance when switched “off” or while not performing its primary purpose


How Large is Standby?

DeviceHomeCountryWorld

0 5 10 15 20 25

Portable Stereo

Compact system

Component System

DVD Player

Radio, Clock

Battery Charger

Power Tool

Vacuum Cleaner

Garage Door Opener

Security System

Breadmaker

Microwave Oven

Rice Cooker

Computer

Modem, digital

Printer, Ink/BubbleJet

Cable Box, Analog

Cable Box, Digital

DTV Decoder

Satellite System

Answering Machine

Cordless Phone

DTV

Television

VCR

Range

AUDIO

TELEPHONY

TV-VCR

SET-TOP

OFFICE

KITCHEN

HOME

BATTERY

WHITE GOODS

Standby Power (Watts)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

Standby Power (Watts)Minimum, Average and Maximum

Standby Power of each product is tiny--just a few watts--but most homes have more than 15 products with standby

1 Watt = 9 kWh/year


Standby: up to 25% of Electricity Use in Some

Homes Location % of domestic

electricityPower

(W)Silicon Valley 5 - 25% 40 - 200

California 9% 67

USA 5 – 7% 60

Australia 11% 80

Japan 10% 50

Europe 3 – 8% 40

Urban China 35

Korea 11% 57

Measured Standby in 10 California Homes

http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf

Household Standby Power

10%

26%6%

10%

9%8%

9%5%

7%5%

0 50 100 150 200

Home 3

Home 9Home 2

Home 10Home 1

Home 6Home 8

Home 5Home 4

Home 7

Standby Load (W)

% of annual electricity use

2001 USA refrigerator

standard





How Large is Standby?http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf

5 – 10% of residential electricity in most countries

Unknown % in commercial buildings

~1% of global CO2 emissions





The IEA 1-Watt Plan (1998)

Reduce standby in all products to < 1 Watt by 201050% by 2005

Each country will select its own policiesLabelsStandardsGovernment procurement

Countries will collaborate and agree on:Definition & test procedureschedule


Progress ReportCountries with a 1-Watt Plan

Australia United StatesKoreaJapan (sort of)

Countries with special policy for standbyChinaEurope (sort of)

Good summary athttp://www.powerint.com/greenroom/index.htm


Special Aspects of Standby

External power supply agreementChina, Energy Star, Australia, CaliforniaStandby < 0.5WOn-mode : > 0.09 * Ln (Pno) + 0.5

http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/

IEA agreement on simple set-top boxes (decoders)8 W active1 W standbyRemote control shifts from active standbyhttp://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103

http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/

http://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103


IEC Definition and Test Procedure will be formally adopted in late 2004

http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html

Definition: “The lowest power consumption mode which cannot be switched off by the user ….


Korea Discussion Topics

What appliances should be covered? Meier: “all products plugged into standard outlets”

Which policy is better: Mandatory or voluntary? Meier: “mandatory, because all manufacturers will have the

same costs; this is fairer to manufacturers”

Should Korea adopt IEC Definition and Test procedure? Meier: “yes, copy Australia approach”In September 2003 Standards Australia published an interim test method for the measurement of standby power

AS/NZS 62301-2003 (int.) and this is now available for purchase. This standard will be referenced by test methods or regulatory standards where standby requirements are specified. This is based on the IEC CDV of the standard of the same number.


U S A

Executive Order

http://oahu.lbl.gov/Energy Star

http://energystar.gov/California and other stateshttp://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/documents/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html


3 Years Ago President Bush Saw This Display

July 2001Executive Order

on Standby Power

“…Each agency… shall purchase products that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode… where cost effective…”

2 months laterhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010731-10.html

http://oahu.lbl.gov

Product Standby

(W)

TV 1

VCR 2

DVD 1

TV/VCR/DVD Combinations 3

Audio Product 1

Desktop Computer 2

Integrated Computer 5

Workstation 2

Laptop Computer 1

Computer Monitor 1

Printer 1

Fax 2

Copier 1

Multifunction Device 1

Docking Station 2

Scanner 1

Microwave Oven 2

Room Air Conditioner -

Current Executive Order Standby Levels (July 2004)

See: http://oahu.lbl.gov

Thank you Korea!


Energy Star & Standbywww.energystar.gov

Focus of today’s specifications:Office equipment: sleep modeConsumer electronics: standby

Generally weaker than Executive Order

FutureAll modes for office equipment &

consumer electronics & external power supplies

Set-top boxes: 1 W on standby


Californiahttp://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/

California Energy Commission has authority to make standardsOther states often copy California

Proposed standards for external power supplies (same as

Energy Star)simple decoder set-top boxes

(8W/1W)


Japan

Meeting Kyoto obligations is major reason for Japanese activity METI gave grants to industry to study problem Demonstration VCRs, microwave ovens, ACs

2001: The 3 major appliance manufacturers associations promise to reach 1-Watt on all major appliances by 2004

Standby is not included in TopRunner standards

http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html


Australia

First country to adopt a policy on standby

http://www.energyrating.gov.au/standby.htmlCoordinated through Australian Greenhouse

OfficeActions so far

Set goal of 1-Watt on all appliancesLeads IEC tech. committee on test procedureSupported external power supply spec.


China

Recent study found high standbyHigh growth rates expected

Voluntary standby levels for TVsChina is collaborating on

specifications for external power suppliesSet-top boxes


Europehttp://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm

Voluntary “Codes of Conduct” Power supplies (0.3 - .75 W depending

on rating)Set top boxesTVs, VCRs??

Mandatory standards soon?“Ecodesign Directive”

Early target will be standby


The Future of Standbyhttp://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf

We still don’t know if standby energy use is growing or shrinkingSome appliances are more

efficient but now there are more appliances with standby!

A “networked home” will be a high standby home if no measures are taken

We need to monitor homes & offices


The Future of Standby (2)

We need to change test procedures to include standby for large appliances (dishwashers, AC, etc. )

Standby --> LOw POwer MOde energy useNeed to consider energy implications of

all low power modes (lopomos)


EndThank You!

[email protected]

http://standby.lbl.gov

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt...

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