International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)- African insect science for food and...
-
Upload
ashlyn-weaver -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)- African insect science for food and...
International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)- African insect science for
food and health.
Chris Prideaux, Director Research and Partnerships
A centre of excellence in Africa — for research and capacity building in insect science and its applications
An intergovernmental organization — charter signed by 13 countries worldwide
≈ 400 staff total, 50–70 MSc, PhD students in residenceMany contracted workers
An organization with a unique history — 40+ years
old, genesis in Africa
General Facts
Where we work
Africa focused- currently activities in 30 countries
How we work
4-Hs paradigm
R&D on human, animal, plant & environmental health, and capacity building
• Common denominator insects/ arthropods
• TSETSE• TICKS
• HORTICULTURAL CROP PESTS
• STAPLE FOOD CROP PESTS
• PLANTATION CROP PESTS
• MALARIA• SLEEPING SICKNESS
• ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS
• COMMERCIAL INSECTS• BEE HEALTH• BIOPROSPECTING• BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
• CLIMATE CHANGE
Human Health
Animal Health
Plant Health
Major Program Areas
Environmental Health
Human Health
Holistic and integrated control of vector-borne diseases
Focus on vector control
Broad areas in focus:
• Malaria
• Human sleeping sickness
• Rift valley fever
• Emerging infectious diseases
Animal Health
Develop sustainable solutions for important diseasevectors like tsetse flies and mosquitoes
e.g. Tsetse/Trypanosomiasis control
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
25-n
ov23
-dic
7-ge
n22
-gen
8-fe
b24
-feb
11-m
ar27
-mar
7-ap
r21
-apr
6-m
ag22
-mag 6-gi
u21
-giu
6-lu
g21
-lug
22-lu
g7-
ago
27-a
go14
-set
29-s
et14
-ott
30 o
ct18
-nov
Log
(cat
ches
/day
+ 1
)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Tryp
pre
vale
nce
Tsetse fly Tryp prevalence
• Waterbuck are present in tsetse habitats but not fed upon
• Refractoriness is mediated by repellents
• 15 EAD active compounds were found in the waterbuck odour
• Through series of field experiments 5 - component blend was identified (icipe patent application)
• WRB reduces fly catches by 80% and feeding efficiency >95%
Cows in waterbuck clothing
Tsetse – identification of repellents from un-preferred hosts
Gas chromatogram of body odors from waterbuck
• For savannah species (vectors of nagana) icipe’s trapping technology based on combination on visual & olfactory cues can reduce flies by >90% in ~ 2 years
Innovations in Animal Health - Tsetse Flies
• Waterbuck-derived repellent identified & synthesized
• Vial containing chemical attached to collar effectively repels tsetse flies
~ 75% of cattle equipped with collar protects entire herd
Technology for pastoralists
Plant Health
Improve food security, nutrition and farmers’ income through Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
Attract naturalenemies
Moths are pushed away
Attract moths
Trap Crop
Main CropPush-Pull TechnologyControls stemborers and striga weed.
Desmodium as an inter-crop species releases chemicals that result in premature germination of striga seed.
Long term trials with maize-legume intercrops
Maize + Green gram
Maize + cowpea Maize +Desmodium
Maize + Beans
Khan et al. 2007. Crop Sci. 47:730-734; Midega et al. 2014. Field Crop Res.155: 144–152
Maize + Desmodium
Desmodium intercrop efficiently depletes striga seed bank
Khan et al. 2008. Weed Research 48:302-306
Plant health program
• Impact of Stemborer
Plant health program
Push pull field visit
Push Pull
Reduces losses due to pests and weeds
Increases soil fertility through nitrogen fixation
Increases water retention by acting as a mulch
Reduces the need for weeding
Provides high quality fodder for livestock which increases productivity (milk and meat)
Attract naturalenemies
Moths are pushed away
Attract moths
Trap Crop
Main Crop
Environmental Health
Contribute to biodiversity conservation through development of tangible strategies that improves the livelihood of communities living in the vicinity of protected areas
establishing bee and silk industries within communities
From Bees to honey and wax
icipe’s Capacity Building in Tigray
On site training of 263 beekeepers (35% women)
17 beekeeper organizations established (550 members)
2,750 Langstroth hives distributed to beekeepers
Individual and community apiaries established
Eastern Tigray market place established; including honey processing facilities
Eastern Tigray honey and was received organic certification with support from icipe training
Post-harvest processing of silk cocoons
Mulberry and silkmoth eggs
Vth instar Silkworms
Silkmoth cocoons on mountage
Reeling of silk cocoon
Winding of silk yarn
Twisting and doubling of silk yarn
Handloom
Powerloom
Silkmoth laying Eggs
Silk cocoon production
From Soil to Silk: Mulberry Silk Farming
Funding Source
Core-funding
• BMZ—Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany
• DFID—Department for International Development, United Kingdom• Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Kenya• SIDA—Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency,
Sweden• SDC—Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Switzerland • The Gov. of Kenya
Project funding
The European Union, various national & international donor agencies, foundations, multilateral organizations, regional
economic blocks, World Federation of Scientists.
THANK YOU