INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND · PDF fileWEST PAKISTAN April 25, 1967 ......

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Report No. TO-551b

This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations.They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report maynot be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views.

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION

APPRAISAL OF THE

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

WEST PAKISTAN

April 25, 1967

Projects Department

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

US$1. 00 PRs4. 76PRsl. 00 _ US$0. 21PRsl, 000, 000 = US$210,000

ABBREVIATIONS

imp gals = imperial gallons= 1.20 U. S. gallons

mgd = million imperial gallons per daygpd = imperial gallons per daygpcd = imperial gallons per capita per

daycusecs = cubic feet per second

FISCAL YEAR ENDS JUNE 30

APPRAISAL OF THE

IAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWhERAGE AND DRAINiAGE PROJECT

WEST PAKISTAId

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page NO.

SUIviNARY AND CONCLUSIONS i & ii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. THE PROPOSED BORROJER 2

3. THE PRESENT SITUATION 3A. City of Lahore 3B. Existing Water System 3C. Existing Sewerage and Drainage Facilities 5D. Administration 5E. Rates and Revenues 6

4. FUTURE REQUIREMENTS 7

5. THE PROJECT 9A. General 9B. Consultant Services 9C. Water Supply 9D. Sewerage and Drainage 10E. Cost Estimates 10F. Procurement 11

6. FINANCING PLAN AND PROJECTIONS 12A. Requirements and Sources of Funds 12B. Water and Sewerage Rates 13C. Financial Projections 13

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15

This report is based on the findings of missions in February andSeptember 1966 to West Pakistan composed of' 1essrs. R.F. Robertsonand G.A. Apcar.

ANNEXES

1 - Organization Chart of the Lahore Improvement Trust2 - Organization of Lahore Improvement Trust3 - Chemical Analysis of Water4 - Comparative Operating Statements, 1961-1965, Lahore

Improvement Trust5 - Current Water Service Charges - Lahore Improvement Trust6 - Comparative Operating Statements, 1961-1965,

Lahore Municipal Corporation7 - Population Projections8 - Estimated Population and Water Use Pattern, 1965-19729 - Distribution of Housing by Income Groups

10 - Water Supply: Production and Consumption Projections11 - Long-Term Development Program12 - Estimated Construction Costs, 1968-197213 - Estimated Income Statements, 1968-1977, Lahore

Improvement Trust14 - Sources and Application of Funds, 1968-1977,

Lahore Improvement Trust15 - Consolidated Pro Forma Balance Sheets, 1968-1977,

Lahore Improvement Trust16 - Assumptions for Financial Projections

NAPS

1 - Proposed Well Centers and Major Water Mains2 - Proposed Sewerage Extensions3 - Proposed Main Drainage Extensions

APPRAISAL OF THE

IAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

N4EST PAKISTAN

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

i. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has requestedan IDA Credit to assist in iinancing an urgently required program of worksto rehabilitate and expand the water supply, sewerage and drainage facili-ties for the City of Lahore.

ii. The proposed Credit would be passed on to the Lahore ImprovementTrust (LIT), a semi-autonomous agency, through the West Pakistan Government.

iii. The LIT is responsible for operating the existing facilities whichwere handed over by the Lahore M4unicipal Council (LMC) in February 1967.

iv. The water supply for Lahore is obtained from ground water sourcesbeneath the city, and provides a supply to about 850,000 consumers, or 60%of the population. The rapid growth of the city has outpaced the presentcapacity of the piecemeal system and water service is generally availableonly 13 to 15 hours per day. Major works are urgently required to rehabi-litate and integrate the present facilities, improve operation and mainte-nance and extend the supply.

v. The combined sewerage and drainage systems of Lahore are unableto cope with the present loading, do not function as designed and a seriousunsanitary situation has been created within the city.

vi. The present population of Lahore is 1.5 million and, assuming agrowth rate of 4% per annum, it would increase to 2.8 million by 1981. Itis anticipated that the demand for water would almost double by 1971 andmajor improvement and expansion of the water supply, sewerage and drainagesystems would be required.

vii. Engineering consultants prepared a report in 1964 on the long-term program of works to meet the water, sewerage and drainage requirementsof the city until 1981, and the data has been augmented by the PublicHealth Engineering Department, West Pakistan. The Government of Pakistanhas given the development program a high priority in its Third Five-YearPlan 1965-1970.

viii. The priority of the project is well established but there areproblems of administration and finance.

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ix. A review of the financial operations of the facilities over thepast five years shows that the LMC accumulated heavy financial deficits.This situation arose as a result of inefficient operations, charginginadequate rates, poor billings, and collections and because a largeproportion of the water produced was supplied free of charge. A new rateschedule, satisfactory to IDA, was adopted in February 1967.

x. The development works until 1972 were defined by the mission inconsultation with the authorities, and construction costs reviewed.Although this developrment program had been reduced to urgent and essentialworks, the mission could not be certain that LIT, which took over from LMConly in February 1967, would be able to solve the major organizational andadministrative problems it had inherited and efficiently carry out theconstruction program. It was therefore agreed with the authorities thatmanagement and engineering consultants would be obtained to assist theborrower to improve operations ard that the project for IDA financingwould be limited to those items of construction works to be undertakenin the first two years of the 1968-72 development program.

xi. If the proposed project proceeds satisfactorily, considerationmay then be given to providing further assistance for the program. should,however, serious problems or delays in execution be encountered, IDA wouldavoid the commitment of funds during a long preparatory period, and therisks of overruns in cost estimates arising from delays in constructionwould be reduced.

xii. The proposed IDA Credit of US$1.75 million (PRs8.3 million)would cover approximately 30 percent of the estimated project cost ofPRs27.5 million (US$5.8 million). The Kingdom of Sweden wishes toparticipate in the financing of this project with a development creditequivalent to US$1.75 million (PRs8.3 million) on terms and conditionssimilar to the proposed IDA Credit. The Credits would cover those itemsof supply and equipment for the construction program procured on aninternational basis as well as foreign exchange costs of engineering andmanagement services and some local rupee costs amounting to aboutUS$0.9 million equivalent.

xiii. With the agreements outlined in paragraph 7.04, the project formsa suitable basis for an IDA Credit of US$1.75 million, the proceeds ofwhich would be relent by the Government of Pakistan through the ProvincialGovernment of W4est Pakistan to the LIT for a period of 25 years includinga 5-1/2 year grace period.

APPRAISAL OF THE

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SDTERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

1. INTRODTUCTION

1.01 The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has requesteda development credit from the International Development Association (IDA)to assist in financing an urgently required program of works to rehabilitateand expand the water supply, sewerage and drainage facilities for the Cityof Lahore, West Pakistan. The program identified for the period through1972 appears technically sound and would be financially viable if completedas scheduled. But as there is doubt that LIT, which became responsible forthe facilities in February 1967, could effectively carry out the ambitiousconstruction program and simultaneously solve the administrative problems,IDA recommended that consideration for a credit be confined to a limitedproject. The project would include the building of an effective organi-zation and those works contained in the first two years of the 1968-1972program. If the project is completed satisfactorily, it should then bepossible to consider further financing of the program.

1.02 The proposed project would provide for the establishment of aninstitution capable of efficiently operating the existing facilities andeffectively carrying out the program. The main items of technical workswould include detailed engineering for the development program, a starton the rehabilitation of the existing facilities and some extensions tothe system.

1.03 This appraisal report is based on reports prepared by the PublicHealth Engineering Department (PHED) and its engineering Consultants,Hydrotechnic Corporation & Mabub Associates, and on the findings of IDAmissions to Lahore in February and September 1966 by Messrs. Robertsonand Apcar.

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2. THE PROPOSED BORROWER

2.01 The borrower would be the Government of the Islamic Republic ofPakistan, which would make the proceeds of the IDA Credit available to theLahore Improvement Trust (LIT), a semi-autonomous government body, throughthe Provincial Government of West Pakistan.

2.02 The Government of West Pakistan promulgated an Ordinance inFebruary 1967, declaring inter alia that LIT would be the responsibleauthority for providing water, sewerage and drainage services to theLahore Municipal area and environs. Until 1967 the Lahore MunicipalCouncil (LMC) was responsible for the operation and development of thesanitary facilities to the city but, because of the poor operationalperformance of LYE, Government decided that the responsibilities mightbe carried out more competently by LIT.

2.03 LIT a semi-autonomous body created in 1936, is managed by a boardof eight trustees; five members appointed by the Provincial Government,namely the Chairman of the Board, the Chairman of LMC and three seniorcivil servants; the remaining three members are elected from councilorsof LIC. Its objectives are to undertake development and improvement projectswithin the Greater Lahore area, and it obtains its funds from Government.Its main activities include the acquisition of land, the development ofhousing sites, including the provision of roads, water supply, sewerageand drainage facilities and the selling of the developed properties to thepublic. Annexes 1 and 2 show the organization of LIT.

2.04 LIT has a record of accomplishment but it would require outsideassistance and time to build an effective operating organization to operatea municipal utility and to properly carry out its responsibilities inadministering a construction program in water supply, sewerage and drainage.

3. THE PRESENT SITUATION

A. City of Lahore

3.01 Lahore is the second largest city in West Pakistan and theprovincial seat of the West Pakistan Government. It is a major commercialand cultural center and contains large railway installations. The cityis located on the River Ravi at an elevation of 650 feet above sea level onthe Punjab Plain in the northeast of the country some 17 miles from theIndian border.

3.02 The prescribed municipal area is 115.31 square miles. Thepresent built up area, comprising approximately 40 square miles, containsthe old congested town situated on a hill some 40 feet above the main city(See Map 1).

3.03 The present population of Lahore is approximately 1.5 million andcensus figures available since 1930 indicate that its population has grownat an annual rate in excess of 4 percent as against the national average of2.5 percent. The rapid growth of Lahore is due primarily to the concentrationwithin its area of administration, government and attendant marketingactivities.

B. Existing Water §stem

3.04 The City of Lahore is fortunate in that its water supplies areobtained from ground water sources beneath the city, which form part of theIndus Basin Complex. The first municipal works were built in 1875 at BadamiBagh adjacent to the Old City and are still in operation. Some 68 wellsites are now being pumped and a number of unconnected distribution systemsexist which supply over 28 million gallons of water per day. Water isgenerally supplied untreated to consumers; some chlorination is practisedbut it is not properly controlled.

3.05 The Lahore 1,1unicipal Corporation (LMC) at the time of turnover offacilities to LIT supplied about 850,000 consumers or approximately 60 percentof the population of Lahore with water. A number of other agencies suchas central government railways and large private consumers also supply anddistribute water from independent tubewells within their restricted areas.There are other enclaves, such as agricultural villages, which rely onprivate wells and irrigation water and many private houses have their owntubewells. It is estimated that within the city 200 well sites are in use.Water is also sold by private street vendors.

3.06 Chemical analyses indicate that the average well water is ofpermissible quality according to International Standards as proposed by the'Wbrld Health Organization. Although hard, and with total solids in excessof normal potable standards, these are not of any sanitary significance andthe quality of the water is acceptable by the local authorities (see Annex 3).

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3.07 No reliable test results are available on the bacteriologicalquality of the well water. As water is obtained from depths of 150 to300 feet, there is little likelihood of bacteriological contamination ifthe wells are properly built, but contamination almost certainly takesplace in the present distribution system. Chlorination would be essentialto safeguard the quality of the water.

3.08 Due to poor planning in the past the municipal facilities wereexpanded piecemeal by providing independent wells and storage reservoirsat the centers of major demand. The supply is intermittent, generally 13to 15 hours per day, pressures are low and, because of poor maintenanceand control, it is estimated that at least 40% of the production isunaccounted-for or wasted.

3.09 The municipal distribution systems handed over to LIT compriseabout 4 miles of cast iron mains 12 to 30 inches in diameter and over230 miles of small pipes ranging from 3 to 12 inches in diameter. Storagereservoirs, including the original 1 million gallon reservoir in the OldCity and a number of composite brick/concrete elevated tanks, provide atotal storage of approximately 2.5 million gallons which is quite inadequatefor present day requirements.

3.10 As large areas of the city do not possess a complete distributionsystem, consumers are connected to mains through long lengths of smalldiameter galvanized pipes. These pipes are generally in poor condition andresult in waste of water and losses in pressure thereby reducing furtherthe quality of service provided to the consumer. A large number of consumers,particularly in the Old City, obtain their supplies from public standpipes.

3.11 Records indicate that there are about 55,000 municipal watersupply connections classified as follows:

(1) Utnmetered domestic connections 48,985(2) Metered domestic connections 3,230(3) Metered commercial connections 981(4) Metered connections (large commercial

institutions and industries) 99(5) Concessional connections (Mosques and

other institutions) 619(6) Public standpipes - unmetered 994

Total 54,908

3.12 There are no facilities for repairing or testing meters and itis likely that only a few of the 4,300 meters are functioning properly.

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C. Existing Sewerage and Drainage Facilities

3.13 The combined sewerage and drainage system of the city is basedon a plan prepared in 1937, and consists of a number of interconnectedsewers and drainage channels which carry a combination of general drainagewater and sewage. The storm drain system performs a dual function ofconveying kitchen drainage to points where it can be discharged into sewersas well as carrying away storm runoffs.

3.14 In the older sections of the city where few sewers exist, nightsoil is collected and removed by conservancy crews or discharged intoopen drains. Considerable use is also made of cesspools and septic tanks,Better class residential areas are sewered and connected to disposalplants.

3.15 A general network of underground sewers and pumping stationsexists but certain main sewers have never been completed and properpumping facilities have been omitted. (See Flap II). As the sewer systemis now grossly overloaded and in a dilapidated state, rehabilitationand expansion works are urgently required.

3.16 Serious drainage problems occur in Lahore during the monsoonseason. Due to the flat topography of the area, the presence of theRiver Ravi and flood protection works and an irrigation canal, it isnecessary to dispose of most of the storm water by pumping. (See Map III),The existing system is inadequate and in a state of disrepair, channelsare silted up and overloaded, and the facilities require urgent rehabili-tation, maintenance and major expansion.

D. Administration

3.17 The departmental structure of government in West Pakistan hasbeen subjected to considerable change during the past decade. The Ministryof Basic Democracies and Local Government is the government agency nowresponsible for the Lahore Municipal Council and the Lahore ImprovementTrust.

3.18 The function of the Lahore Improvement Trust has been to prepareand execute programs of work for the improvement and development of theCity of Lahore and environs. Its area of responsibility of over 128 squaremiles includes the areas of jurisdiction of LMC, the Cantonments Board andthe West Pakistan Railway depots in Lahore. LIT has effectively carriedout a number of schemes involving land acquisition, slum clearance,housing, and general public works, including the provision of sanitaryfacilities within the developed areas. See Annex 4 for ComparativeOperating Statements relating to the financial performance of LITfot the period 1961-1965.

3.19 LIT is aware of the deficiencies in the organization which it hastaken over from LIC. In order to meet its additional responsibilities, LIThas, with the approval of IDA, recruited the services of Messrs. Booz, Allanand Hamilton International, Mhnagement Consultants to advise and implementproposals regarding the organization and administration.

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E. Rates and Revenues

3.20 Water services are charged on the basis of water consumed asmeasured by meter; by the size of cornection if there is no meter; or asa percentage of the annual rental value of property. Present water ratesand service charges (see Annex 5), approved in February 1967 almostdoubled the previous charges for water. In addition, payment is nowrequired at the rate of PRsl.00 per 1,000 gallons for water consumedthrough community standposts, and religious and charitable institutionsare charged at half the new domestic rate. These rates campare favorablywith the prices charged by vendors of about PRs7.20 per 1,000 gallonsequivalent.

3.21 No adequate organization existed within L4C for reading meters,preparing and presenting consumer bills or for the collection of revenuefor water, sewerage and drainage services. No proper control wasexercised in recording outstanding accounts or initiating action ondisconnection of consumers for non-payments, and very unsatisfactoryfinancia'l results were obtained.

3.92 The net fixed assets of the Lahore Water Supply, Sewerage andDrainage Systems, as agreed between IIC and LIT, have been valued atPRsl9.1 million. Total revenues collected by LMC from the operation ofwater and sewerage and drainage facilities in 1964-1965 amounted toPRsl.96 million as compared to expenses of PRs4.14. The following tableshows the water supply and sewerage revenues and operating expenditures(excluding depreciation) of IviC over the past five years and indicatesthe severity of the losses being incurred, and Annex 6 shows ComparativeOperating Statements of the water supply and sewerage operations for 1961through 1965:

OperatingYear ended June 30 Revenues Expenditures Deficit

---- millions of rupees-------------

1961 1.44 2.43 0.991962 1.50 2.98 1.481963 1.61 3.17 1.561964 1.86 2.77 0.911965 1.96 4.14 2.18

Accumulated Operating Deficit PRs7.12 million

3.23 The operating deficit shown above may be overstated, since LMCwas unable to provide a statement showing revenues collected throughproperty taxes on account of sewerage and drainage services.

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h. FUTURE REQUIREIENTS

4.01 In 1961 the City of Lahore had a population of 1.3 million: from1901 it increased at the average rate of 3.75% per annum with fluctuationsfrom 1.2% to 4.6%. From 1930 to date, the population has been growing atan average annual rate in excess of 4% and for the purposes of thisappraisal, a rate of growth of 4% per annum has been taken as a realisticindex for the next 20 years. Projections, indicating that the populationwould reach 1.9 million in 1971 and 2.8 million in 1981, are shown inAnnex 7.

4.02 Because of lack of data regarding the distribution and economicstatus of the existing and potential customers, the preparation of realisticproposals for the expansion of the water and sewerage utilities is difficult.It is clear, however, that the central areas of Lahore cannot supportfurther population without radical redevelopment and such development isnot likely in the immediate future. Future requirements for water havebeen estimated by relating the present estimated water use patterns to thefuture anticipated distribution of population.

4.03 The present average supply in the municipal areas is about 35gallons per capita per day. Requirements amount to 30 gallons per capitaper day in areas where population densities average 125 persons per acre.It is not anticipated that any major increases in consumption would occurthrough community standposts or for industrial or commercial uses. Thelargest increases would occur through improved supply, providing additionalconnections to existing houses and extending the supply to meet the needsarising frao new housing projects.

4.08 Gross average demand might be expected to reach about 60 milliongallons per day, equivalent to 40 gallons per capita per day, by 1972.The estimated population and water use pattern are shown in Annex 8.Initially, provision would be made to supply 75% of the future populationby 1972, and 80% by 1976.

Population in thousandsGross Useful Unaccounted- Average Peak

Year Total Served % gpcd. gped. for %* mgd. mgd.

1964 l,S50 870 60 33 19.8 40 28.7 -

1972 1,994 1,495 75 40 30.4 24 59.7 89.6

1976 2,333 1,866 80 46 36.8 20 85.8 128.7

* Unaccounted-for water represents the difference between the quantitiesof water produced and billed to consumers, expressed as a percentageof the gross quantity produced.

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4.05 Little information is available regarding daily peak loads inthe present system, but site investigations suggest a peak varying from145 to 1.65 times the average daily load; this is confirmed by the waterdepartment's consumption data. In order to avoid the danger of over-design,it would be reasonable to take a figure of 1.5 for the peak daily demandand to assume peak hourly demands of 2.25 times the average hourly demand.

4.O6 The estimates of future requirements assume that the water usepattern and income and housing standards in the City of Lahore would notradically change from present levals. Annex 9 contains pertinent dataon income and housing distribution, while Annex 10 shows the anticipatedtotal production and water consumption through 1976.

4.07 The water supply, sewerage and drainage facilities of the Cityof Lahore are inadequate and conditions are deteriorating. If future re-quirements are to be adequately met, LIT must embark on a program to reha-bilitate and expand the services and direct particular attention to dealingwith the need to increase revenue and reduce losses.

4.08 In the future, additional benefits other than those reflectedin the financial projections may be expected through an increase in theindustrial and commercial potential of the city and social and healthbenefits, which cannot be quantified at this time, but which may be sub-stantial. The withdrawal of larger quantities of water would also providebenefits as the rising level of the ground water in areas adjacent toLahore may create problems in the future,

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5. THE PROJECT

A. General

5.01 The project would consist of the water supply, sewerage and drainageworks to be undertaken within the first two fiscal years of the 1968-1972rehabilitation and expansion program and the setting up of an effectiveorganization to manage the present and future works.

B. Consultant Services

5.02 During the project period LIT would employ the services of manage-ment and engineering consultants.

5.03 The scope of work and draft contract between LIT and managementconsultants have been approved by IDA. LIT with the advice of its manage-ment consultants, Messrs. Booz Allen Hamilton International Inc. will setup a separate department within its organization to deal with water supply,sewerage and drainage responsibilities. This department will prepareseparate accounts in accordance with accepted standards. During theproject period staffing establishments will be drawn up and staff recruited,proper billings and collections of revenue will be initiated and externalauditors appointed. LIT has considerable experience in the acquisition ofland and no serious problems are anticipated in acquiring the various sitesand rights of way required for the project.

5.04 The firm Nihon Suido (Japan), engineering consultants, has beenselected to review the design criteria and prepare the detailed designs,specifications and contract documents for the water supply, sewerage anddrainage facilities required to meet the demand until 1972 and superviseconstruction works required for the project.

C. Water Supply

5.05 The project would include:

(i) investigations, exploratory site works and the design of suitablewells to obtain good quality water; one well center would beconstructed, comprising six tubewells and ancillary mechanicaland electrical equipment and controls, to provide some additionalwater to meet immediate demands. Records indicate that adequatequantities of ground water are available to meet future requirements;

(ii) preparation of a program to rehabilitate the existing systems andto reduce the amount of unaccounted-for water; immediate workswould include the inspection and repair of the system, scrapingmains, replacing dilapidated sections and renewing connections;

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(iii) preparation of a waste detection program; installation ofwaste meters at salient points in the system together wTithinspection and repair of approximately 5,000 existingconnections;

(iv) a metering program to install about 19,000 meters, of wrhichabout 4,000 would be completed during the project period.Priority would be given to the proper metering of communitystandposts and facilities would be provided for the repairand testing of meters;

(v) distribution works comprising approximately two miles ofnew mains, 24 inches in diameter, and some four miles ofsmaller mains, 4 inches to 12 inches in diameter to strengthenthe existing system, provide some improvement in supply andmeet the water needs of newly developed areas.

D. Sewerage and Drainage

5.o6 The project would include some rehabilitation of the sewerageand drainage systems, separating these facilities and completing sewers anddrains where gaps exist. About five miles of sewers and drains and threemiles of unpaved drainage channels would be laid together with three seweragecollection centers and two main drainage pumping stations.

5.07 The 1972 program aims to remove all sewage from the city. As aninterim arrangement the untreated sewage would be used either for irrigationpurposes or discharged into the river; treatment facilities would not beprovided during the project period. The project will improve the presentposition considerably and will centralize thXe collection of musanitary wTaterand storm drainage and ensure their removal from the city. Provision willbe made later in the development program to provide more adequate treatmentand disposal.

E. Cost Estimates

5.o8 Projections indicate that the project would form part of a techni-cally sound and financially viable program of works. Construction costestimates for the various elements of the development program through 1972are shown in Annex 12.

5.09 The total estimated cost of the proposed two-year project ofPRs 27.5 million is made up as follows:

In Millions of Rupees

Local Foreign Total

Water Supply WIorks 4.7 5.1 9.8Scwerage Works 4.0 2.5 6.5Drainage Works 2.8 2.0 4.8Consulting Services 2.9 2.8 5.7Interest During Construction 0.7 - 0.7

15.1 12.4 27.5

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It is anticipated that the bulk of the funds would be disbursed during thetwo-year period commencing July 1, 1967 but some amounts may be carried overinto the third year to meet payments such as retention sums on contracts.

5.10 The proposed IDA credit of US$1.75 million equivalent is about30 percent of the total cost of the project. The Kingdom of Sweden willalso participate in the financing of this project and proposes to makeavailable a sum equal to the IDA contribution. These credits totallingUSO3.5 million equivalent would meet the foreign exchange costs, estimatedto be US$2.6 equivalent for consultant services, construction contractsand costs incurred in importing machinery, pipes, meters and electricalequipment. The balance of US$0.9 million equivalent would be disbursedagainst local expenditures arising from consultant services and constructioncontracts submitted to international competitive bidding. For this lastitem, IDA and the Kingdom of Sweden would each disburse 25 percent of the localcosts. It is the intention to disburse the full amount of the credits onthe project; if savings in imported goods and services are realized, aproportionally larger anmount of the local costs will be financed.

5.11 Unit costs have been provided by the Public Health EngineeringDepartment (PHED), West Pakistan, and checked against local contractdocuments. No bids have been invited for any items of the works. Thecost of engineering services has been assumed for a two-year contractperiod and reflect recent prices for such services. The cost of managementconsultant services for the project has been taken from the actual contract.

5.12 Construction cost estimates include a contingency factor of 10percent, escalation of 3 percent per annum on local costs and an allowancefor import duti es and sales taxes based on a schedule of tariffs varyingfrom 30 percent for machinery to 12½ percent for cast iron items on CIFprices.

5.13 Cost estimates are considered reasonable on the assumption thatpresent trends in prices and labor stability would continue, and that theworks would be carried out as phased.

F. Procurement

5.14 Major construction contracts and all contracts for major itemsof equipment and materials to be financed from IDA and Swedish funds wouldbe awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding. Tenderswould be invited toward the end of 1967 after the engineering consultantshave had the opportunity to review and approve the design requirements.

5.15 As the project is not large, it may be possible to group thecivil works into two or three units of sufficient magnitude to attractthe interest of foreign firms. The local contracting industry is familiarwith the accepted contractual practices, and should be able to competefor most of the civil works contracts.

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6. FINANCING PLAN

A. Requirements and Sources of Funds

6.01 The plan for financing the project, as shown below, is based onthe estimated construction cost including interest during construction andinitial working capital requirements:

Fiscal Years Ending June 30 1968 and 1969

Rupees Equivalent('000,000)

Requirements for Funds

Project Construction Costs 21.1 4.Engineering and M4anagement Services 5.7 1.2Interest During Construction 0.7 0.2Working Capital 0.9 0.2

Total Requirements 28.4 6.o

Sources of Funds

Proposed IDA Credit 8.3 1.75Swedish Loan 8.3 1.75Government Loan 11.8 2.50

Total Sources 28.4 6.00

6.02 It has been assumed for the purpose of the projections that an IDACredit of US$1.75 million and a Swedish loan of a sum equivalent toUS$1.75 million would be passed on to the Provincial Government for relend-ing to LIT for a period of 25 years, including a grace period of 5-1/2 years,with an interest rate of 3-1/2 percent per annum, which is the currentgovernment lending rate for water projects. The balance of the fundsrequired for the project (PRsll.8 million) would be made available by theGovernment of Pakistan on the same conditions as for the IDA Credit.

6.03 Although it is possible some cash surplus could be generated fromoperations during the project construction period,it has been assumed thatthe proposed project would be financed entirely from borrowed funds.Reasonable contingencies have been allowed in preparing the financialprojections of the new and untried organization and it is consideredprudent that the surplus cash should be retained as a contingency reserve.Depending upon its financial performance during the course of the proposedproject, the extent to which LIT could finance future development fromfunds generated from operations would be determined.

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B. Water and Sewerage Rates

6.o4 In order to raise the gross revenues indicated in the IncomeStatements (Annex 13) a new tariff of charges, acceptable to IDA, has beenput into effect as from February 1967 (Annex 5). During the project period,these new rates, which should be within the capacity of consumers to pay,should yield an average gross revenue of PRs 1.23 per 1,000 gallons ofwater consumed exclusive of sewer and drainage revenues. The combinedgross revenue from all three services during the same period should averagePRs 1.56 per 1,000 gallons of water consumed.

6.o5 It is imperative for the success of the project that LIT shouldreceive full payment for all wTater supplied through community standpostsand it has been agreed that all such water is to be charged on the basisof quantity consumed. Government has guaranteed that conmencing May 31, 1967,LHC would pay to LIT PRs 200 per month per unmetered community standpost.Arrangements are being made for the collection of sewer and drainage taxesby L11C and for their transfer to LIT.

6.o6 Should the proposed project be executed as scheduled, the revenuefrom the new water rates and sewer and drainage charges would enable LITto cover its operating expenses, including depreciation, and contributetowrards the financing of future development. If as planned the performanceof management is improved no increase in rates for services would be neces-sary at the end of the project.

C Financial Projections

6.07 The Estimated Income Statements, Sources and Application of Funds,and Pro Forma Balance Sheets for the program are show^M in Annexes 13, 1land 15 respectively. Assumptions for these forecasts are given in Annex 16.These projections have been prepared assuming that the project covered bythe proposed credit would form the first two years of a continuous develop-ment program up to 1972.

6.08 During the period 1965-1972 it is estimated that the volume of watersupplied would increase 1.8 times, while operating expenditures and grossrevenues would increase 2.7 and 11.6 times respectively. These rates ofincrease differ as the projections reflect more accurately than presentfigures the costs incurred in producing the services, and show the increasein revenue from increased rates, improved performance in coLlections, andpayment for water consumed through community standposts.

6.og As compared to a net deficit of PRs 2.6 million in 1965 (SeeAnnex 6) it should be possible to achieve net operating revenues of PRs 1.6million in 1968 and PRs 5.2 million in 1972.

6.10 On the assumption that effective management would be provided,

maintenance efficiently carried out, and the program of works executed onschedule, the following financial performance would be expected:

-14-

(a) The rate of return at the completion of the project would be3.8 percent rising to 5.7 percent in 1973, increasing there-after to 12.9 percent by 1977.

(b) The operating ratio, which includes reasonable maintenanceand depreciation allowances, would improve from 88 percentin 1968 to 75 percent in 1973.

(c) The debt service coverage would improve from 1.4:1 in 1973to 2.3:1 in 1977.

(d) The cash flow forecast shows a surplus of PRs6.0 millionat the end of the project. A part of this surplus andfuture funds generated from future operations would beapplied against the expansion program comrencing July 1969.It is presently forecast that PRs76.25 million would berequired for the program 1969-72 and it is anticipated thatLIT would provide PRsl9.0 million towards this program fromfunds generated frcrn operations.

(e) The debt/equity ratio would rise from 29:71 in 1968 to71:29 in June 1972 and fall gradually thereafter.

-15-

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMEOlDATIONS

7.01 The proposed project is part of a technically sound long-termprogram of works to improve the presently inadequate water, sewerage anddrainage facilities of the City of Lahore and to meet future demands. Itwould improve living conditions and stimulate economic development of theurban area.

7.02 It is recommended that an IDA Credit be made to finance a projectto carry out the first two years of the 1968-1972 development program. Byadopting this procedure the possible tying up of IDA funds during a longpreparatory period and the risks of overruns in cost estimates would beavoided should serious problems or delays in execution be encountered inthis phase. Should the project proceed satisfactorily further assistancefor the program could be considered. Cost estimates and constructionschedules are reasonable and, with adequate water rates and efficientcollections of revenue, the financial condition of the operating authoritywould be satisfactory.

7.03 In order to carry out the program of works efficiently, LIT wouldhave to be strengthened at management, organizational and technical levels.

7.04 During negotiations of the proposed IDA Credit it was agreed thatthe Government of Pakistan would undertake to:

(a) provide, promptly as needed, the funds, facilities, servicesand other resources required to carry out the project;

(b) relend the proceeds of the Credit to the Provincial Governmentof West Pakistan which would relend it to LIT on terms andconditions satisfactory to IDA.

Since negotiations:

I. The Provincial Government of West Pakistan has carried out thefollowing:

(a) promulgated an ordinance transferring the water supply,sewerage and drainage facilities of the City of Lahorefrom LvIC to LIT;

(b) levied water, sewer and drainage rates, satisfactory to IDA;

(c) given approval to arrangements satisfactory to IDA, forpayments for water consumed through community standposts.

-16-

II. The Lahore Improvement Trust has carried out the following tothe satisfaction of IDA:

(a) appointed a Project Director;

(b) engaged management consultants; and

(c) selected engineering consultants.

III. The Lahore Improvement Trust has further agreed to carry outthe following:

(a) set up separate accounts for the water supply, sewerageand drainage facilities;

(b) appoint independent auditors to audit the accounts; and

(c) undertake a program to meter water connections.

7.05 With the above agreements the project would provide a suitablebasis for an IDA Credit in an amount equivalent to US$1.75 million. TheGovernment of Pakistan, through the Provincial Government of West Pakistan,would make available the equivalent of these funds to the Lahore ImprovementTrust for a period of 25 years, including a 5-1/2 year period of grace withan interest rate of 3-1/2 percent per annum, for the rehabilitation andexpansion of the water supply, sewerage and drainage systems for the Cityof Lahore. The Kingdom of Sweden wishes to participate in the financingof this project and also proposes to make available a development creditequivalent to US$1.75 million, on terms and conditions similar to theproposed IDA Credit.

April 21, 1967

PAKISTAN: LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECTORGANIZATION CHART OF THE LAHORE IMPROVEMENT TRUST

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CHAIRMAN

l I l 1 1 l l l | LEGAL ADVISOR | r PRESIDENT | = 1 | PROJECT DIRECTOR

TOWN PLANNER | | CHIEF ACCOUNTS | | RESIDENT SENIOR SECRETARY AND LAHORE LAND ||CHIEF ENGINEER | AND CHIEF ENGINEEROFFICER AUDITOR SENIOR TRUST IMPROVEMENT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WATER SUPPLY. SEWERAGE

COUNSEL TRUST TRIBUNAL L AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

H ASSISTANT l MEDICAL EXECUTIVE ENGINEER | | r---J r--_ r----s ____) (~~~~~~~------ ---- --- ENGINEFICRULr- -D---R r------_______

TR 2S " COUNSELS ECT I I CO N SU LTA N TS I I STA FF OFFICERS I O ERC FF RI I ~~~ ~~I II I 4ANAGE R

_ ARCHITANT MD ESTATE EXEUTIVE ENGIN;EER I I L_____ _ L______ L. L

NGINEFRIFICR _ IE EIEERT I I

EUILONGS | CLLEBUILDINWORS (

BUILDNGS IDI I I ACOUNTS I FINANCIALANDRoDs -- MANAGE-ENT L [-I PERSONNELIII FCE

dlXEOlTIVlI LNI I I I OFF ER OFICNESE-U- -E-ENS-N-ER -…- -.....-. .. j L...- ,L

PlUBLIC HEALTHE _IIL.

LAN PANN II EINEER ENGINIEERING I I I

L | W^TER SLIPPLYI I SEEAE IsI

AI SUDIVSEORNAL I … - -L-…- - J

REGA LAFONVE AN 1

DIRECTSR ISPRNNET ISUPERINTENDENTI

PLANNING NGINEER ENNEER RL- WATER Sup SE D|AA L _ _

__ _ __ (3RI IB

I L NIN I_4 CNSTIRUCTION IIICCNSTRUCTION ACI NSREEUI NCH~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PRANCH I j I U~T,S~ON I I I DIVSISON I BRANC. BRANCH

L AI NTErJANLE I'LI MAINTENANCE

ILV-Sior I

EXISTING L

I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

C I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3R)I BRR - 2992

ALNNEX 2Page 1

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEtTERAGE AND DRAFJAGE PROJECT

ORGANIZATION OF LAHORE IMPROVEMT TRUST

1. The Lahore Improvement Trust (LIT) was created in 1936 under thePunjab Town Improvement Act of 1922. The Board consists of eight trustees,five of whom are appointed by the Provincial Government of West Pakistan.They include the Chairman, who is a Senior Government Servant, the DeputyCormissioner of Lahore, the Chairman of the Lahore Municipal Council (LMC),and two others selected from local government and the Ministry of Finance.The other three members of the Board are elected from councilors of LMC.

2. The primary object of LIT is to provide for the improvement andexpansion of the City of Lahore and environments and its authority extendsover an area of 128 square miles. It is responsible for developing newareas within the jurisdiction of LEO., Lahore Cantonments Board and the WestPakistan Railway areas. A proposal to extend the limits of the area to 380square miles is presently before the Provincial Government.

3. LIT devotes its attention to the acquisition of land, the develop-ment of housing sites together with the provision of roads, water supply,sewerage and drainage facilities. LIT normally obtains its funds fromgovernment and recovers the cost of development by selling the assets toprivate individuals. The sanitary facilities however were, until recently,handed over free of encumbrances to LMC who were then responsible for theirmaintenance.

4. During the past 30 years, despite World War II and the aftermathof Partition, LIT has successfully executed a number of schemes which easedthe difficult housing conditions in Lahore. Specifically, it has undertakenslum clearance, road improvements, housing schemes, including water supply,sewerage and drainage projects, rehabilitation of industries and the clear-ance of large areas within the walled city which were badly damaged duringthe period immediately following Partition. LIT employed a small engineer-ing staff and, as required, used the services of LMC, the Public HealthEngineering Department (PHED), and consultants to assist in carrying outits projects.

5. Government has decided that LIT should be responsible for thewiater supply, sewerage and drainage for the City of Lahore and an ordinancepromulgated in February 1967 transferred the staff and assets from LMC toLIT. PHED has transferred a senior officer to take over the post of ProjectDirector and supporting staff will also be made available. The qualificationsand duties of the Project Director have been approved by IDA.

ANNEX 2Page 2

6. The services of Messrs, Booz, Allen and Hamilton International,Inc.,Management Consultants, have been retained by LIT to advise and assist insetting up an effective organization to manage the affairs relating towater supply, sewerage and drainage and carry out the expansion program.The consultants will also advise and implement the various proposals, par-ticularly the setting up of separate accounts, enforcing billings andcollections of revenue, and administrative procedures.

7. The pre-selection of engineering consultant firms has been com-pleted and it is proposed to recruit the services of Nihon Suido (Japan) toundertake the engineering for the program of works to meet demands until1972, with special emphasis on planning and implementing the works containedin the first two years of the program.

April 11, 1967

ANNEX 3


Chemical Analysis of Water

Average values of mineral analysis of samples collected from 54wells and analyzed by the Research Laboratory of the Department of Healthare given below:

International Standard Average TestPermissible Limit Result

pH 7.0 to 8.5 7.65Odor Unobjectionable AbsentColor 5 Units ColorlessTotal Solids 500 ppm 450 ppm 1/Total Hardness 150 ppm 176 ppmChlorides 250-500 ppm 54 ppmSulphates 250 ppm 99 ppmIron 0.3 ppm AbsentNitrates Trace Objectionable Absent

The average results of more complete analyses based on 8 samplesare as follows:

pH 7.8Total Solids 503 ppmTotal Hardness 182 ppmChlorides 79 ppmSulphates 116 ppmIron AbsentNitrates AbsentCalcium Carbonate 41 ppmTemporary Hardness 11 ppmPermanent Hardness 68 ppmFree Ammonia 0.127 ppmAlbuminoid Ammonia 0.127 ppm

These tests show that except for total hardness the water qualitymeets the normal permissible limits. Several samples indicated a high de-gree of turbidity while others recorded total solids of high values; thesefactors are, however, of little sanitary importance.

1/ ppm - parts per million.

April 11, 1967

ANNEX 4Page 1

LAHORE IWATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

IAHORE IMPR0VEMENT TRUST

Comparative Operating Statements, 1961-1965

Year ended June 30 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965-- - - - - - - - - - R U P E E S - - - - - -

Sources

Opening Balance 4,558,711 5,451,518 7,116,658 4,415,185 4,197,795

Advances & Interest

a) Advances from Govern-ment for DevelopmentProjects - - - - 2,500,000

b) Interest from In-vestments 2,683 9,035 6,219 6,000 4,000

Properties

a) Sale of Land 3,730,816 2,927,950 5,749,347 2,613,422 3,157,071b) Sale of Buildings 786,717 659,528 528,186 429,674 375,332c) Rental of Land 42,594 38,244 38,270 30,153 32,552d) Rental of Buildings 244,118 139,649 245,890 143,739 150,299e) Exemption Fees 1/ 1,299,126 1,658,205 1,231,661 1,552,780 1,105,901

Repayment of Advancesto Employees 14,907 13,014 15,1414 16,865 17,244

Miscellaneous 1,059,185 2,276,213 368,558 1,042,647 994,143

Sub-Total 7,179,966 7,766,838 8,183,545 5,835,280 8,336,5b2

Total Sources 11,738,677 13,218,356 15,300,203 10 250,465 12,534,3~ 7

1/ Exemption Fees: paid on transfer back to original owners of part of landsacquired by LIT for development on condition that LIT receives a sumequivalent to the proportionate development charges on the whole scheme.

ANNEX 4Page 2

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PDOJECT

LAHORE IMPROVEMENT TRUST


Year ended June 30 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965-R U P E E S - - - - - - - - -

Applications

Repayment of GovernmentLoans and Interest 1,072,864 1,058,996 1,045,131 884,302 756,615

Properties

a) Cost of Acquisition 1,015,117 657,274 3,4l0,120 637,427 17,662b) Sewerage 208,314 135,733 258,348 736,329 143,826c) Constructionof Roads 1,273,608 1,504,804 3,643,581 1,847,786 1,384,405d) Water Supply 677,191 448,713 504,314 482,362 200,000e) Electricity - 17,916 54,256 72,140 -f) Grassing and Leveling 7,960 77,765 188,260 215,533 174,690g) Construction of

Buildings 251,748 8,041 546,.548 142,808 35,160h) Miscellaneous 17,988 530,278 241,540 77,570 38,012i) Repairs - - - - 5'335

Advances to Employees 12,830 9,817 14,786 20,600 51,080

Administration & Salaries 524,219 595,841 670,369 762,728 792,435

Miscellaneous 1/ 1,225,320 1,056,520 277,765 173,085 1,643,403

Total Applications 6,287,159 6,101,698 10,885,018 6,052,670 5,242,623

Closing Balance 5,451,518 7,1162658 4,415,185 L1,197,795 7,291,714

TOTAL 11,738,677 13,218,356 15,300,203 10,250,465 12,534,337

Surplus for Year 892,807 1,665,140 (2,701,473) (217,390) 3,093,919

1/ "Miscellaneous" includes expenditures for the following:1) Machinery2) Audit Fees3) Refund of deposits to contractors.

April 21, 1967

ANNEX 5


CURRENT WATER CHARGES - LAHORE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Current water service charges in use since February 1967 are asfollows:

1. a) Unmetered domestic connections up to two taps

Size of Connections Monthl. Charges(inches) (Rupees)

1/4 4.503/8 9.001/2 12.003/4 18.001 24.00

For each tap in excess of two taps an additional charge of Rs. 0.50is levied.

b) or 71-A of the annual rental value of' the property, whichever is higher,subject to a minimum of Rs. 56.00 per annum.

2. a) Metered domestic rate Rs. 1.50 per 1,000 gallonsb) Metered commercial and industrial rate Rs. 2.00 per 1,000 gallons.

3. Religious and charitable institutions at half the domestic metered rate.

4. Community standposts at Rs. 1.00 per 1,000 gallons, if metered. (In thecase of unmetered standposts, an agreement has been reached whereby I1IEwould pay to LIT a flat rate of Ru.pees 200 per month for eachstandpost urnietemAd after May 31, 1967.

5. Mqonthly Meter Rental:

Size of Connections 14onthly Charges(inches) - (Rupees)

1/2 1.253/4 1.751 2.381-1/4 3.631-1/2 4.252, 5.383 8.38

ANNEX 5Page 2

6. Sewerage and Drainage:

a) Sewer rate at 3i4 of annual rental value of all buildings in thearea served with sewers.

b) Bulk Rate i) for corporate bodies Rs. 200 per acreii) for factories Rs. 400 per acre

c) Drainage rate of 1% of annual rental value of all buildings outsidearea served with sewers.

March 20, 1967

ANNEX 6Page 1

LAHORE lWATER SUPPLY. SEWEAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

LAHORE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE OPERATIONS

Comparative Operating Statements, 196l-l965

Year Ended June 30 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965- - - - -R U P E E S - - - - - - - - -

Revenues - Water Supply

Water Sales 1,213,284 1,258,853 1,400,000 1,597,161 1,697,161Sale to Municipal Services 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000Ieter Rent 7,763 9,017 8,859 9,262 7,000Connection Fees, etc. 62,852 76,060 69,631 112,381 100,000

Sub-Total 1,343,899 1,403,930 1,538,490 1,778,804 1,864,161

Sewerage and Drainage

Sale of Sewerage 100,414 85,715 72,438 776,934 100,000

.3Sub-Total 100,414 85,715 72,438 76,934 100,000

TOTAL 1,h44,313 1,489,645 1,610,928 1,855,738 1,964,161

ANNEX 6Page 2


LAHORE Y4UNICIPAL CORPORATION

WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE OPERATIONS


Year Ended June 30 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965- -R U P E E S - - -

Expenditures-Water Supply

Salaries and Administration 997,696 746,170 1,020,450 1,030,625 1,324,500Power and Fuel 600,902 668,166 779,064 860,812 960,000Chemicals 6,967 45,916 466,170 18,560 30,000Maintenance 34,051 436,367 206,543 220,144 587,000

Sub-Total 19639,616 1,896,619 2,052,227 2,130,141 2,901,500

Sewerage and Drainage

Salaries and Administration 371,608 396,526 447,687 442,805 554,10OMaintenance Sewers, Drains,and Pumping Stations 366,827 632,292 620,915 155,555 650,000

Sub-Total 738,435 1,028,818 1,068,593 598,360 1,204,100

Depreciation

Water Supply 365,000 365,000 365,ooo 365,000 365,000Sewerage and Drainage 107,000 107,000 107,000 107,000 107,000

Sub-Total 472,000 472,000 472,000 472,000 472,000

Interest

Water Supply 6,000 5,700 5,250 4,875 4,500Sewerage and Drainage 46,536 42,791 39,196 35,526 32,000

Sub-Total 52,536 h8,491 44,446 40,401 36,500

TOTAL 2,902,587 3,445,928 3,637,266 3,240,902 4,61100

DEFICIT 1,458,274 1,956,283 2,026,338 1,385,164 2,649,939

April 11, 1967

ANNEX 7

PAKISTAN:LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGEAND DRAINAGE PROJECTPOPULATION PROJECTIONS(POPULATION IN THOUSANDS)

3,000 I 3,0002,839

/

/2,000 ~~~~~~~~PROJECTED RATE OF GR OWTH2,0

1,500 ./i 1,500IP296~/,2; S/

1,000 1,000

900 900

800 800CENSUS STATISTICS

700 / 700

600 600

500 500

400 4002.38% 4.50%. 4.00% 4.00%

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH DURINGTEN YEAR PERIODS

300 300

SEMI-LOGARITHMIC SCALE200 ___ X 200

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981

(2R) IBRD-2990

ANNEX 8


Estimated Population and Water Use Patterr, 1967-1972

Year ending June 30 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Connections

Domestic (Unmetered) 51,000 53,000 59,000 67,000 77,000 89,000Domestic (Metered) 4 000 6 ooo 8,000 11 000 15,000 20,000

Total 67,000 92,000 109,000

Production (mgd) 33.8 35.5 39.3 42.1 45.5 52.9

Domestic (Unmetered) 8.9 9.3 10.3 11.7 13.5 15.6Domestic (Metered) 1.9 2.8 3.8 5.3 7.2 9.6Public Standpipes 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.6 7.9 8.2Institutions 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7Commercial 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.6

Water Consumption 20.3 22.6 29.5 34.2 39.7

Unaccounted-for Water 13.5 12.9 13.7 12.6 11.3 13.2

Percentages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Domestic (Unmetered) 26.3 26.2 26.2 27.8 29.7 29.5Domestic (DMetered) 5.6 7.9 9.1 12.6 15.8 18.2Public Standpipes 19.8 19.7 18.6 18.1 17.4 15.5Institutions 2.1 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.2Commercial 6.2 7.3 7.9 8.5 9.0 8.7Unaccounted-for water 40.0 36.4 34.8 29.9 24.8 24.9

Population (Total) 1,575 1,639 1,704 1,772 1,845 1,918Population Served 945 1,065 1,107 1,240 1,290 1,)438Percent Served 60 65 65 70 70 75

gpcd (Served) 35.7 33.3 35.5 33.9 35.3 36.8

Plant Capacity (mgd) 57.5 62.5 73.6 82.7 90.8 99.9

Isolated Wells 57.5 62.5 64.5 64.5 63.5 63.5Well Centers - - 9.1 18.2 27.3 36.4

March 20, 1967

AN ERX 9

IAHORE WATER SSEW GE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

Distribution of Housing by Income Groups

1. The average number of persons per household in Lahore is estimatedat just under six; the average family contains 1.39 employed persons andhas income of 121 rupees per month. The more prosperous households tendto have between six and eight persons whereas those in the lower incomegroups contain between four and five persons. The distribution of incomesand households, as estimated in a socio-economic survey carried out by thePunjab University in 1964 is as follows:

Households/Income Groups

Income No. of(Rs./Month) Households Percentage

1 - 100 106,000 43.2101 - 200 80,200 32.5201 - 400 38,A00 15.6401 - 600 10,740 4.4601 - 1000 6,770 2.8

1,000 + 3,700 1.5

Total 245,810 100.0

2. The housing situation in Lahore is serious, as some 80% of thehousehold units were built prior to 1947 and current construction ratesof new units is not sufficient to cope with the demands created by popula-tion growth. There are about a quarter of a million household units, ofwhich less than 35% enjoy water service and the situation regardingsewerage and drainage is more serious.

3. In order to deal with the housing problems the LIT is currentlyengaged in providing 10,000 houses under approved programs and the Housingand Settlement Agency is involved in constructing a further 20,000 units.

4. It has been assumed that the LIT and other agencies would providehouses at the rate of 11,000 units per annum by 1969.

March 20, 1967

ANNEX 10

PAKISTAN: LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGEAND DRAINAGE PROJECTWATER SUPPLY: PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTIONPROJECTIONS

100 2.5

80 2.0

TOTAL PRODUCTION----.,

~~~~~~ 60~~~~~~~~~~~~o 60 _ X1.5 rw zd.

POPULATION SERVEDo ~~~(RIGHT SCALE --

-J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'

< ..... ... 0

-oLL

a", >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3U, -Z 00

14 0 1.0-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-WATER CONSUMPTION z(---LEFT SCALE) U

20 _ .5

0. 01966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976

(3R) IBRD -2991

ANNEX 11

Page 1


Long-Term Development Program

1. The authorities in Lahore have drawn up a comprehensive develop-ment program of works to rehabilitate the present inadequate water, sewerageand drainage facilities for the city and to meet the anticipated demanduntil 1981. The development program has been divided into two periods1968-72 and 1973-81; the works in the first period have been closely de-fined and are discussed below, while the works in the second period havebeen identified in magnitude only.

Water Supply

2. The program calls for the further exploitation of ground watersources beneath the city to meet the future water requirements. Threealternative sources of water have been investigated; namely, the RiverRavi, canal sources and the River Chenab but al1 have been discarded onthe basis of the high costs involved. Investigations indicate that ade-quate quantities of ground water would be available to meet demands forthe foreseeable future; the water may have a high mineral content butwould generally meet international permissible standards and be accept-able to the authorities in Lahore.

3. The program (1968-72) would provide for rehabilitation of theexisting system, the implementation of waste prevention and metering pro-grams and the expansion of the supply to meet demands tof about 53 mgd by1972 and provide reserve capacity for peak loads.

14. Rehabilitation would include scraping and cleaning about 140miles of mains, repairing and replacing sections where necessary, inspect-ing existing tubewells and abandoning inefficient or poor quality wellsand inspecting some 20,000 connections.

5. Five new well centers containing a total of 30 wells, of im-proved design, would be provided together with some isolated wells atsalient points in the system to increase the production of water. Eachwell center would normally contain six wells, a storage reservoir ofabout half a million gallons capacity together with controls, recording,and chlorination equipment, and a small field office.

6. Approximately 30 miles of pipelines, 18-30 inches in diameterwould be laid to interconnect the multiple supply centers, imAprove controlof pumping operations and provide more efficient distribution facilities.A fuwrther 25 mi'.s of srmall (d.stribution pipelines would also be laid toprovide better consunicr servi-,.e.

7. It is propos&i to v,bovide a conuInurus supply of a-wter at apressure of between 20 to 25 is-,s. p.r scre inch on the coripletion of therehabilitation works increacing to 30 lbs. per square inch by 1972 whilesupplying peak daily loads of 1.5 times the average daily demand.

ANNEX 11Page 2

8. The extensions to the water supply would be coordinated with theapproved housing program and it is anticipated that about 11,000 new con-nections per year would be required (see 1Map 1). A metering program wouldalso be carried out and some 19,000 meters would be installed in the de-velopment program period.

Sewerage

9. The future sewer system would be divided into five coordinateddistricts. The missing links of the existing system would be built andthe existing sewers cleaned. Two new collection centers located at KatchaMultan and Satto Kotla would be provided in the southwestern section ofthe area. The effluent from these works would be subjected to simple lagoon-ing prior to pumping to selected irrigation areas.

10. The existing dilapidated works at Shad Bagh in the northernsection of the city would be replaced with new works further from the cityand nearer the river while the Main Central Works would be rehabilitatedand primary treatment provided.

11. The Nawankot Works which are only partially operating would berehabilitated and extended, while the Shad Bagh and Baghbanpura pumpingstation would be abandoned. The Chotta Ravi and Rajagah Stations wouldbe rehabilitated and become intermediate stations.

12. The project would provide for the construction of two new mainsewer systems. The first, the Katcha lAultan System provides for twolateral sewers, one along the proposed Mian Mir diversion and the otheralong MIultan Road, to relieve the south western congestion. The second,the Satto Kotla system would relieve the southern section including thecantonments and industrial areas east of the railway line and the new ModelTown area.

13. The sewage would not be treated and would be utilized for irri-gation in selected areas (see Map II). Full treatment would be providedin the second period, 1973-81, of the development program.

Drainage

14. The project would provide for the clearing and removal of obstruc-tions in the existing drainage channels which would be enlarged and paved.

15. The works attached to the Chotta Ravi drainage basin would includepumping facilities, a canal of 8,000 feet from the southern section to theBund and an unlined canal from the Shalimar Escape.

ANNEX 11Page 3

16. The Nian Mir basin would be drained by two new canals. The firstwould drain about 5,000 acres of the northeastern section together with apumping station at Babu Sabu to discharge the waste into the River Ravi.The second major outfall canal would drain an area of some 15,00Q acresfrom the eastern section and discharge into the Ravi by gravity downstreamof the city. When the flocd water levels in the Ravi rise this canalwould probably start to back up so that low lying areas would be flooded.The possible extent of flooding can only be determined after detailedengineering studies have been completed. Associated with the main drain-age canals would be the provision of drainage outlets for dealing withthe run-off from the low lying areas (see Map III).

17. The total estimated cost of the 1968-72 program would be aboutPRs 104.65 million. Preliminary estimates would indicate that after 1972an annual expenditure of about PRs 25 million would be required to meetthe anticipated demand for services until 1981. Engineering consultantswill be retained to evaluate more accurately future requirements forservices and prepare construction cost estimates.

March 20, 1967

ANNEX 12Page 1

LAHORE WqATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AIMD DRAkIAGE PROJECT

Estimated Construction Costs - Consolidated

Project Summary(In Millions of Rupees)

Year Ending June 30 Total 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Construction 72.96 4.32 i4.19 19.55 19.50 15.40

Water Supply 34.98 1.60 7.08 9.40 9.70 7.20Sewerage 24.33 1.32 4.41 6.60 6.50 5.50Drainage 13.65 1.40 2.70 3.55 3.30 2.70

Contingencies 7.29 0.44 1.41 1.95 1.95 1.54


Engineering & Management 10.40 2.78 2.93 1.93 1.73 1.23


Sub-total 90.85 7.54 18.,3 23.43 23.18 18.17

Escalation 6.20 0.10 o.60 1.30 2.00 2.20

Interest During Construction 7.60 0.10 0.60 1.40 2.30 3.20

Total 104.65 7.74 19.73 26.13 27.48 23.57

ANNEX 12Page 2

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SEERAGE AND DRAIl4AGE PROJECT

Estimated Construction Costs - Water Supply(In Thousands of Rupees)


Supply System 8,900 300 1,600 2,500 2,500 2,000

Distribution 11,800 300 1,500 3,000 4,000 3,000

Rehabilitation 5,500 300 1,300 1,900 1,200 800

Land 3,200 500 2,200 500 - -

Duties and Taxes 5,580 200 480 1,500 2,000 1,400

Sub-total 34,980 1,600 7,080 9,400 9,700 7,200

Contingencies 3,490 160 700 940 970 720

Consultants 5,600 1,500 1,600 1,000 1,000 500

Total =07 3,6 9,380 11,3h0 11,670 8,420

ANI\EX 12Page 3

LAHORE WATER SIJPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

Estimated Construction Costs - Sewerage(In Thousands of Rupees)


Main Sewers 9,500 - 800 2,700 3,000 3,000

Force MIains/Laterals 2,600 - 300 900 900 500

Collection 5,100 - 400 1,700 1,500 1,500

Rehabilitation 1,400 200 400 500 300 -

Land 3,000 1,000 2,000 - - -

Duties and Taxes _2,730 120 510 800 800 500

Sub-total 24,330 1,320 4,410 6,600 6,500 5,500

Contingencies 2,430 130 h40 660 650 550

Consultants 2,550 630 630 430 430 430

Total 29,310 2,080 5,480 7,690 7,580 6,48o

ANNEX 12


Estimated Construction Costs - DrainageIn Thousands of Rupees)


Drainage Channels 7,300 600 700 1,500 2,500 2,000

Pump Houses 3,250 200 750 1,300 500 500

Land 1,500 500 750 250 - -

Duties and Taxes 1,600 100 500 500 300 200

Sub-total 13,650 1,400 2,700 3,550 3,300 2,700

Contingencies 1,370 150 270 350 330 270

Consultants 2,450 650 700 500 300 300

Total 17,470 2,200 3,670 4,400 3,930 3,270

March 20, 1967

LAHORE WATER SUPPLY, SFFRAGE AND DRATNAGE PROJBCT

ESTIMATED INCOME STATEMENTS 198-1977, LAHORE IMPROVEMENT TRUST(in nillions or Rupees)

Year Ending June 30 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Total Water Produced (Billions of Gallons) 13.1 14.3 15.4 16.6 19.3 21.8 24.2 26.6 28.9 31.2

Total Water Consused (Billions of Gallons) 8.2 9.3 10.8 12.5 14.5 16.6 18.7 20.7 22.8 24.9

Waste Water - Percentage 37 35 30 25 25 2h 23 22 21 20

REVENUE (Millions of Rupees)

Water Sales 10.1 11.6 13.5 15.8 18.5 21.3 23.9 26.5 29.5 32.2Sewerage and Drainage 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2Meter Rentals 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 o.6 0.7 0.8

Total Operating Revenue _7__ 1T4. ____ ____ ___- 77CI ____ 7__ ___ 3

EXPENDITURES

Operating Expenses

Power and Chemicals 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.7Maintenance 0.1 0.3 o.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7Wages and Salaries 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.2Administration 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0Contingencies 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8

Total Operating Expenses Ti -I IITI.7 I" 17. I

Non-Operating Expenses

Depreciation 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1Allowance for Bad Debts 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.9 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.9Interest - - - - - 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.1

Total Non-Operating Expenses 4.I1 4.91 52o3 6.2 10.

TOTAL EXPENDITURFS 11.3 13.0 14.3 16.5 17.6 23.1 23.2 25.0 26.8 28.5

NET REVENUE 1.6 1.6 2.6 3.1 5.2 3.0 5.9 7.2 9.0 10.7

Ratios:

Operating Expenses including Depreciation andAllowance for Bad Debts to Operating Revenues 88 89 85 84 77 75 69 69 68 67

Return on Net Fixed Assets 6.2 3.6 3.8 3.3 4.5 5.7 8.3 9.6 11.2 12.9

March 20, 1967

LAH')RE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

SOURCES AND APPLTCATION OF FINDS 1968-1977, LAHORE IMPROVEMENT TRUST(In millions of Rupees)

TotalYear Ending June 30 1968 1969 Construction 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

PeriodSOURCES OF FUNDS

Net Revenue 1.6 1.6 3.2 2.6 3.1 5.2 3.0 5.9 7.2 9.0 1n.7Interest Charges - - - - - 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.8Depreciation 0.9 1.2 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1Increase in Accounts Payable 1.8 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5

Total Funds Generated 77. 3.0 7.3 T.7 T§7 73 9.4 12.0 13.3 147 16.1Loans

IDA Credit 2.4 5.9 8.3Swedish Loan 2.4 5.9 8.3Government Loan 3.9 7.9 11.8Other - - - 19.1 22.5 16.6 _ _ _ _

0.7 19.7 28.4 T9. 22.5 1W6.6

TOTAL SOURCES 13.0 22.7 35.7 23.8 28.3 24.9 9.4 12.0 13.3 14.7 16.1

REQUIREMENTS

Foreign Costs 3.7 8.8 12.5 8.7 6.8 4.6Local Costs 4.0 10.3 14.3 16.0 18.4 15.8Capitalized Interest during Construction 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.3 3.2

Total Project Costs T7 5 19.7 2.h1 27. .7 2- -- -- Increase in Accounts Receivable 1.9 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 o.6 0.7Debt Service - - - - 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.8Amortization - - - 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.4

TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 9.7 20.0 29.7 27 27 7 .2 7.1 l 7 ¢

Cash Surplus (Deficit) 3.3 2.7 (3.0) 0.3 0.3 2.5 4.8 6.2 7.9 9.2 z

Cash Year End 3.3 6.0 3.0 3.3 3.6 6.1 10.9 17.1 25.0 34.2

Debt Service Coverage - - - - - 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.3

April 4, 1967

LAHORE WATER SITPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROTECT

PROFOEMA BALANCE SHEET 1968-1977, LAHORE IMPROVEMENT TRUST(In millions of Fupees)

Starting BalanceYear Ending June 30 July 1, 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

ASSETS

Current Assets

Cash 3.3 6.0 3.0 3.3 3.6 6.1 10.9 17.1 25.0 34.2Accounts Receivable - Sales 0.5 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.6 6.6 7.5 8.1 8.8Invrentories 2.0 2.n 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Total Current Assets 7.7 10.7 8.4 9.2 10.5 13.7 19.5 3 -267 35.1 -4§75

Fixed Assets

Gross Fixed Assets 19.1 19.1 26.0 44.5 68.8 93.9 114.7 111.6 108.5 105.4 102.3Less: Depreciation 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Total Net Fixed Assets T-7 24.o 427 6 91. TT6I T3 TOff. T1 99.2Works in Progress 7.8 19.7 26.1 27.5 23.6 -

Total Fixed Assets 2F 0 47. -W' 7 93.9 11F.7 111.6 1 10.5 105.4 102.3 99.2

TOTAL ASSETS _____ 33.7 55.2 77.2 103.1 125.2 125.3 128.0 132.0 137.4 144.2

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Current Liabilities

Accounts Payable 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.9Long-Term Debt Maturing in One Year - - - - 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.8

Total Current Liabilities 1.7 ~-Ti- 2.3 2.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 TF._0 8.8 9.7

Long-Term Debt

LMC Debts Assumed on Takeover o.6 0.6 o.6 o.6 o.6)IDA Credit 2.4 8.3 8.3 8.3)Swedish Loan 2.4 8.3 8.3 8.3) 25.8 22.3 18.6 14.6 10.2 5.4Government Loan 3.9 11.8 11.8 11.8)Other - - 19.1 41.6 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2

Total Long-Term Debt 9.3 -7§.0 1781 70 B7 6760.5 _7f 7_2_. 68.47 7TT

Equi

Original Investment 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1Earned Surplus 1.9 3.5 5.1 7.7 10.8 16.0 19.0 24.9 32.1 41.1 51.8

Total Equity 21.0 22.6 24.2 2-6. 29.9 35.1 313.1 7:O 44. *T1 60.2 70.9

TOTAL LIARITITIES AND EQUITY 21.6 33.7 55.2 77.2 103.1 125.2 125.3 128.0 132.0 137.b 144.2

Debt: Equity Ratio 29:71 55:45 64:36 70:30 71:29 68:32 64:36 59:41 53:47 47:53

Current Ratio Excluding inventories 3.2 4.4 2.8 2.8 1.4 1.7 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.4

ANNEX 16Page 1

LAHORE WIATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

Assumptions for Financial Projections

1. Operating Revenues accruing from sales of water, sewerage anddrainage charges are based on the rate schedule effective February 1967.(see Annex 5).

2. Provision against Bad Debts is made of 25% of gross operatingrevenues for ±iscal years l9bb and 1969; 20% for 1970 and 1971; 15% for1972 and 1973 and 10% thereafter.

3. Escalation of 3% per annum has been allowed for operations,maintenance and capital expenditures through 1977 to cover possible futureincreases in local costs; this is presently considered reasonable for WestPakistan.

4. IMaintenance charges have been estimated at one percent of theexisting gross fixed assets at the beginning of each fiscal year, and onehalf of one percent of assets added within the year.

5. Wages & Salaries are estimated to increase 10% annually to takeaccount of expected increments in salaries and increases in staff members.

6. Administration costs are estimated at 33% of the total shownunder liages and Salaries.

7. Contingencies (excluding depreciation and write offs for bad debts)represent lO, of operating expenses.

8. Return on liet kAxed Aossets has been obtained by comparing netoperating revenues including interest in any year with the opening balanceof net fixed assets of that year and expressing them as a percentage thereof.

9. Operating ratio is expressed as a percentage which total operatingexpenses bear to operating revenues.

10. Debt service coverage is calculated by dividing total cash gen-erated from operations (including depreciation) by the sum of interestcharges and amortization payments.

11. Accounts Receivable are assumed to amount to 25% of the total opera-ting revenue less allowance for bad debts.

12. Current liabilities are the payables estimated at 25% of operatingexpenses, excluding depreciation, plus the amortization due on long-termdebt within the year.

ANNEX 16Page 2

13. Power and Chemicals. Charges have been taken at PRs96 per mgd,equivalent to PRsO.13 per kilowatt hour and a chlorine injection rate of1.5 parts per million.

14. Depreciation on new fixed assets has been estimated at 2.5% as-suming an average asset life of 40 years. Depreciation at 4.5% of theopening balance of gross fixed assets assumes an average asset life of22 years for the existing fixed assets.

15. Equity. The value of the net fixed assets of the Lahore WaterSupply, Sewerage & Drainage Systems has been agreed at PRsl9.1 millionby L4C and LIT.

16. The proposed IDA Credit of US$1.75 million (PRs8.3 millionequivalent) would be made available to the Islamic Republic of Pakistanfor a term of 50 years, with service charges of three-quarters of 1 percentper annum. The Government of Pakistan, through the Provincial Government,would make the equivalent of these funds available to the Lahore Improve-ment Trust for a period of 25 years, including a 5-1/2 year period of grace.It has been assumed in the projections that the proposed IDA Credit, theSwedish and goverrmient loans would be relent on terms and conditions similarto the IDA Credit. Interest and amortization payments are assumed to bepayable semi-annually commencing December 31, 1972.

MAP I

WEST PAKISTANLAHORE WATER SUPPLY,

SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

PROPOSED WELL CENTERS ANDMAJOR WATER MAINS

0 3000 6000 9000 12p00l

FEET

N-/

tuhju t<,''t',= < =04/.^.''.

N A

k 5 f t t ,/' .~~~.. y -

'N - 5 < ,7 A $DEVELOPMENT THROUGH 1972

-in \,Well centers

Major water mains

DEVELOPMENT 1973-77

… ' - -_- Major water mains

(Well centers omitted)

FEBRUARY 1967 IBRD - 1758R1

MAP TT

WEST PAKISTANLAHORE WATE SUPPLY,

SEWERAGE AND DRA INAGE PROJECT

PROPOSED SEWERAGE EXTENSIONS

N h,

SHAD BAGH SEWAGE

COLLECTION CENTER

CHOTA RAVI =J

LIFT STATION "N-

REHAB IL ITAT ION N

MAIN CENTRAL SEWAGE o VCOLLECTION CENTER -o_0

(REHABILITATION) &,;, .' L 'D

NAWANKOT SEWAGE,,/ i~- O.NN

COLLECTION CENTER / f<,N'"N' / /

(REHABILITATION) /

D// AFA0 %//CAN~TO'NMENT

\ u r ' I; [*NTONUEN

PUMPING ATION , ' /

EXPAN 9N /I---'

N' , ~~~~~~A'/ ~~~WELLINGTON mAIL ,

"ING STATION

KATCHA MULTAN SEWAGE. / ' \ / I,,,

COLLECTION CENTER"

//'; - I -/ ,' < '' N'

/ X '' I g '"'~~~~~~~~'T7; A,D,//~~. '

///

I /0,'' -uzo'' - / : j ooDEVELOPMENT THROUGH 1972

- -I -^ -o m Sewer extensions

Treatment plants

SATTA KOTLA SEWAGE DEVELOPMENT 1973-773000 6000 9000 I,O00 COLLECTION CENTER

FEET Sewer extensions

FEBRUARY 1967 IBRD - 176OR1

MAP m

WEST PAKISTANLAHORE WATER SJPPLY,

SEWERAGE AND DRA INAGE PROJECT

PROPOSED MAIN DRAINAGE EXTENSIONS

0 3000 6000 000 120000

FEET

O \\S! S Stv oDoo g~~~EUO '

NEW CHOTA RAV I / e= ,\.PUMPING ST TIONtt ;

P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P.

BADU-SABU ' /' ,

,2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~30

PUMPING STATION , ' / EW V .R

// X :; ,/ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -- 'IK THOGI17

-- - .L- CAT ___ __ELMT9

FEBRUARY 1967 IBRD - 1759R1

Y EBEEC / CANT0NDVELOPMEN

FEBRUARY 1967 IBRD - 1759RI,~~~~~~~~~I I

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND · PDF fileWEST PAKISTAN April 25, 1967 ......

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