International Affairs & HistoryRAHIL SUR3rd year EEE13.8.15

Session 12

RULES

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1.

X is a label given to the various rebel groups that were active from 1979 through to the early 1990s in opposition to the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua. Among the separate groups, the Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN) emerged as the largest by far. In 1987, virtually all organizations were united, at least nominally, into the Nicaraguan Resistance.

The term X comes from the Spanish word which means against. In English it means "the counter-revolution". Some rebels disliked being called X, feeling that it defined their cause only in negative terms, or implied a desire to restore the old order. Rebel fighters usually referred to themselves as comandos("commandos"); peasant sympathizers also called the rebels los primos ("the cousins"). From the mid-1980s, as the Reagan administration and the rebels sought to portray the movement as the "democratic resistance," members started describing themselves as la resistencia.

Answer

Contra

2. When Europeans first explored the region around the Great Lakes of Chad, they created an

interpretation of the people found in the region as two racially distinct tribes, coexisting in a complex social order: the Tutsis, Hutus. The Tutsis, an elite minority of about 24% of the population, were tall, slim pastoralists. The Hutu majority, about 75% of the population, were stocky, strong farmers.

 Belgian colonialism stressed physical and social differences. Relentless Belgian propaganda portrayed Tutsis as the more evolved “ethnic” group in appearance, intelligence, and height, while Hutus were branded as ignorant, backwards, and vile. Tutsis naturally welcomed this ethnic schism because thinking in these racialized terms had tangible social benefits. For Belgian colonial elites, this was a classic “divide and conquer” strategy:

On April 1994 there was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu  by members of the Hutu majority. During the approximate 100-day period from April 7 to mid-July 1994, an estimated 500,000–1,000,000 were killed, constituting as much as 70% of the Tutsi and 20% of the country’s total population. The genocide was planned by members of the core political elite known as the akazu, many of whom occupied positions at top levels of the national government. Perpetrators came from the ranks of the army, the National Police (gendarmerie), government-backed militias including the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi, and the Hutu civilian population.

Name the country or the genocide

Answer

Rwandan Genocide

3.

X and Y met in a 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifier. There was fighting between fans at the first game in the capital of Tegucigalpa on 8 June 1969, which X won 1–0. The second game, on 15 June 1969 in the capital of San Salvador, which was won 3–0 by Y , was followed by even greater violence. A play-off match took place in Mexico City on 26 June 1969. Y won the decisive third game 3–2 after extra time. That same day, Y dissolved all diplomatic ties with X, stating that "the government of X has not taken any effective measures to punish these crimes which constitute genocide, nor has it given assurances of indemnification or reparations for the damages caused to Y".

Later a brief war was fought. Name the war and the two countries X and Y

Answer

FOOTBALL WAR X-HONDURAS Y-EL SALVADOR

4. Give Funda

Answer

This is Hans Conrad Schumann who was an East German soldier who famously defected to West Germany during the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

6.

_______ _______ ___ _______ is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.

A person who is recognized for having taken risks to help Jews during the Holocaust is awarded a medal in his/her name, a certificate of honor, and the privilege of having the name added to those on the Wall of Honor in the Garden of the Righteous at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem

Famous recepients include Oskar Schindlar

Answer

Righteous Among The Nations

7.

X was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he entered into a scheme with Napoleon III of France to invade, conquer, and rule Mexico. Seeking to legitimize French rule in the Americas, Napoleon III invited Maximilian to establish a new Mexican monarchy for him. With the support of the French army, and a group of conservative Mexican monarchists hostile to the liberal administration of new Mexican President Benito Juarez, he traveled to Mexico. Once there, he declared himself Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864. The empire collapsed after Napolean withdrew troops in 1866. Later X was captured and sentenced to death at a court martial.

He is immortalized in a series of paintings by Edouard Manet called “The execution of X”

Picture in next slide

Answer

The execution of emperor Maximilian

8.

A Pirali Brahmin is a subgrouping of Brahmins found throughout Bengal, which is split between India and Bangladesh. The term "Pirali" historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation; its eponym is the vizier Mohammad Tahir Pir Ali, who served under a governor of Jessore. Pir Ali was a Brahmin Hindu who converted to Islam; his actions resulted in the additional conversion of two Brahmins brothers. As a result, orthodox Hindu society shunned the brothers' Hindu relatives (who had not converted), and the descendants of these Hindu relatives became known as the Pirali Brahmins .Later this unorthodox background ultimately led the X family to dispense with many of the customs followed by orthodox Brahmins and subsequently they founded a new sect of Hinduism.

Name this family X

Answer

Tagore

9.X was an Indian jurist, who has been United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1966. He was the only South Asian person appointed to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East's trials of Japanese war crimes committed during the second World War. Among all the judges of the tribunal, he was the only one who submitted a judgment which insisted all defendants were not guilty. The Yasukuni Shrine and the Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine have monuments specially dedicated to him.

 He held the view that the legitimacy of the tribunal was suspect and questionable, because the spirit of retribution, and not impartial justice, was the underlying criterion for passing the judgment.

He is frequently mentioned by diplomats on the Indo-Japanese Relations context. Name him

Answer

Radhabinod Pal

10.

Auguste Vaillant (27 December 1861 – 5 February 1894) was a French anarchist, most famous for his bomb attack on the French Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1893. The government's reaction to this attack was the passing of the infamous repressive Lois scélérats.

He threw the home-made device from the public gallery and was immediately arrested. The weakness of the device meant that the explosion only caused slight injuries to twenty deputies

Valliant claimed that his aim was not to kill but to wound as many deputies as possible in revenge for the execution of Ravachol. Despite this, Vaillant was sentenced to death and execution followed on 3 February 1894.

He inspired someone three decades later ? Who

Answer

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt’s bombing in Central Legislative assembly in 1929 to protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Dispute Act.

11.

Tens of thousands of people attended this event, marching through the Khyber Pass from Peshawar to Jalalabad, although it was marred by two bomb explosions killing 15 people. Despite the heavy fighting at the time, both sides of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the communist army and the mujahideen, declared a ceasefire to allow this event.

What event ??

Answer

Funeral of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan or the “Frontier Gandhi”

12

This is the Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Mewar. On the right is a Rajput warrior and on the left is a Bhil tribesman. Why are the Bhils honoured in such a way?

Give the funda

Answer

The Bhils had fought along the side of Rana Pratap during the battle of Haldighati and helped the Kingdom of Mewar from time and time again

The entire Bhil tribe, even today, is highly regarded by the citizens and the Mewar family. At the time of succession, a Bhil tribesman must honour the new Maharana with a tilak (marking on the forehead) of his own blood. It is only then that the new Maharana will be universally recognised as successor.

Historic Moments recreated through LEGO

In the following slides we have historic moments recreated through LEGO.

It’s a written round +10 for each and bonus +10 for all correct

1

2.

3.

4.

5.

ANSWERS

1

Answer

King John signing the Magna Carta

2.

Answer

Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princep which started the World War I

3.

Answer

Meeting of Henry Stanley and Dr Livingstone

4.

Answer

Demolition of the Berlin Wall

5.

Answer

Muhammad Ali vs Sonny Liston

THANK YOU