Internal migration of Britain’s ethnic populations

Serena Hussain and John StillwellSchool of GeographyUniversity of Leeds

Presentation for the UPTAP Workshop held at the University of Leeds, 21-23 March, 2007

Presentation

• Context• Objectives• Data sources• Levels and types of analysis

- National

- District

- Ward• Conclusions

Context (1)

• Britain’s smaller urban centres and rural areas have grown in 1980s and 1990s as white-British have moved away from major metropolitan centres

• Counterurbanisation has continued

Context (2)

• In contrast , distributions of ethnic minority groups, particularly non-whites, have become increasingly concentrated in London and certain provincial cities

Context (3)

• Immigration also has an urban orientation though more so for non-whites than whites

Context (4)

• As non-white populations in metropolitan Britain have increased in size through natural change and immigration, there is a contention that ethnic communities are becoming increasingly spatially concentrated and levels of segregation are rising

• Phenomenon akin to what Bill Frey calls ‘balkanisation’ in USA

• Fundamental to understand the population redistribution brought about by internal ‘ethno-migration’ - the focus of our research

Objectives (1)

• To outline the ethnic composition of internal migration in GB at national, district and ward scales, 2000-01

• To identify patterns of internal ethno-migration vis a vis spatial distribution of ethnic populations and immigration at LAD scale, 2000-01

• To quantify spatial connectivity through ethno-migration, spatial variations in gross and net migration rates, and migration effectiveness at LAD scale, 2000-01

Objectives (2)

• To carry out detailed analysis of patterns of ethno-migration from London boroughs and wards, looking in particular at characteristics of origins and destinations, 2000-01

• To do the same at ward level for selected set of provincial cities with large concentrations of ethnic minorities, 2000-01

• To estimate what changes in composition and pattern of ethno-migration have occurred in Britain between 1990-91 and 2000-01

Main Data Sources

2001 Census Key Statistics and Special Migration Statistics (SMS) for analysis at all selected spatial scales

2001 Census Samples of Anonymised Records (SAR) for national and regional analysis

Which ethnic group classification?CASWEB

WICID

2001 SMS

Level 1(District)

Level 2 (Ward)

2001 KeyStatistics

Table KS6

Commissioned tables

C0711: Origin-destination flows at district scale by ethnic group (7 groups) and age group (0-15, 16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60+)

• Also includes flows in from 50 other regions of the world (but not age disaggregated)

C0723(a): Flows by origin (region) and destination (ward) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups)

C0723(b): Flows by origin (ward) and destination (region) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups)

• Small Cell Adjustment applied to all flows to ensure

confidentiality

Levels and types of analysis

National levelPopulation Migration* % Rate %

White 52,481,200 5,510,662 91.0 10.5

Indian 1,05,1844 103,457 1.7 9.8

Pakistani and other SA 1,276,892 131,618 2.2 10.3

Chinese 243,258 35,793 0.6 14.7

Black 1,147,597 139,811 2.3 12.2

Mixed 673,796 97,449 1.6 14.5

Other 229,324 35,878 0.6 15.6

Total 57,103,911 6,054,668 100.0 10.6

* Excludes 456,736 persons with no usual address 12 months previously

District level

• May want to use this classification of local authority districts for presenting aggregate flows

Net migration flows summed for type of local authority by ethnic group, 2000-01

Ethnic groupLondon

boroughsMetro

districtsUnitary

authoritiesOther local authorities

White -43,918 -19,880 15,124 48,674

Indian -885 -696 760 821

Pakistani and OSA -1,525 125 889 511

Chinese 353 57 -31 -379

Black -4,456 452 2382 1,622

Mixed -2,071 71 583 1,417

Other 118 19 114 -251

Total -52,384 -19,852 19,821 52,415

London boroughs: Black and Asian ethnic minority populations, 2001

Indian

Chinese Black

Pakistani and OSA

White

Net migration balances by ethnic group for boroughs

Flows within London only

Black

Pakistani and OSE Chinese

White

Indian

Major ethno-migration flows taking place between London boroughs, 2000-01

Flows within London only

Ward level

Need to disentangle some of these patterns!

Conclusions• Want to say something about ‘linkage’, i.e.

- Are minority ethnic groups becoming more or less geographically concentrated/segregated through internal migration?- Is immigration fuelling processes of ethnic concentration?- Is there any relationship between non-white immigration and white internal migration?

• Want to say something about ‘relative conditions’, i.e.- To what extent is spatial mobility of ethnic migration

linked to social mobility?- What are the differences in the levels of deprivation/affluence between the migrants’ areas of origin and destination?