Internal doorsets in schools - Archive...Internal doorsets in schools 3...

Internal doorsets in schools

SEVEN

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the following individualsand organisations that have contributed tothis document:

Richard Flint, BRE GlobalAndrew Williams, BRE (SSLD DoorsetWorking Group Chairman)

Beech Williamson, Partnerships for Schools

A number of other organisations kindly donatedtheir time to assist in the production of thisguidance. A full list can be found on page 53.

We are also grateful to the following membersof the Standard Specifications, Layouts andDimensions (SSLD) Forum who have helpedshape the broad approach to standardisation inthis and other guidance documents in this series:

Mukund Patel, DCSF (SSLD Chair)Alan Jones, DCSF (SSLD Policy Lead)Ian Morris, Atkins (SSLD Project Manager)Stephen Reffitt, AtkinsMark Cleverly, EC HarrisMichal Cohen, Walters and Cohen ArchitectsChristian Held, Penoyre and Prasad ArchitectsSunand Prasad, Penoyre and Prasad Architects

Linton Ross, Feilden Bradley Clegg ArchitectsPeter Clegg, Feilden Bradley Clegg ArchitectsPaul Hetherington, AlumascRichard Parker, Morgan Professional ServicesAndrew Williams, BREBill Healy, Build OffsiteRichard Ogden, Build OffsiteMike Entwisle, Buro HappoldRita Singh, Construction Products AssociationMichael Ankers, Construction ProductsAssociation

Bea Etayo, Fulcrum Consulting

Peter Blunt, Mtech GroupMartin Goss, Mtech GroupDavid Mackness, SCAPE System Build Ltd

Martin Lipson, 4PsMairi Johnson, CABERichard Saxon CBEPeter Woolliscroft, OGCRichard Brindley, RIBAVic Ebdon, Devon County CouncilDon Bryson, Manchester City CouncilKevin Kendall, Nottinghamshire County Council

Internal doorsets in schools 1

Contents

1 Introduction 2

Who is this guidance for? 2How the guidance should be used 2Background to Standard Specifications,Layouts and Dimensions (SSLD) 4Aims and scope of this guidance 5

2 Key performance requirements 6

Design requirements 6Materials and finishes 13Acoustic performance 16Fire safety 16Hygrothermal performance 17Security 18Sustainability 18Durability 19Structural performance 20Doorsets fitted to moveable partitions 20Health and safety 21Provision for engineering services 21Certification and approval 21Installation and commissioning 22Maintenance 23Cost comment 24

3 Performance specificationsand design solutions 26

Doorset specifications 27Hardware specifications 35

4 References & bibliography 46

References 46Bibliography 49

2 Standard specifications, layouts and dimensions

Introduction

This guidance is one of a series of

Standard Specifications, Layouts and

Dimensions (SSLD) notes produced to

inform the Building Schools for the

Future (BSF) programme.

Who is this guidance for?

• Teachers and governors acting as clients forschool capital projects.

• Local authority officers responsible forprocuring school capital projects.

• Diocesan building officers.

• Local authority and private sector schooldesigners and specifiers.

• Manufacturers and suppliers.

• Contractors.

How the guidance should be used

This guidance sets out the standards ofperformance for internal doorsets in the BuildingSchools for the Future (BSF) programme andshows through some examples how they mightbe delivered. It is one of a number of publicationson various building elements within the SSLDseries. The aim is to disseminate best practice andavoid ‘reinventing the wheel’ every time a schoolbuilding is designed, so that consistently highquality environments can be delivered, offeringbest whole-life value for money.


School building clients, their professionaladvisers, contractors and their supply chainsshould use this guidance to inform theirdecisions on internal doorsets and specificationstandards at the early stages of a project’sdevelopment – whether new build, extension orrefurbishment – at RIBA Stages A-F.

To help encourage the take up of theseperformance specifications, this guidance willbecome the standard in BSF programmedocumentation and the Government willexpect it to be adopted in the majority ofsituations where it is reasonable andappropriate to do so.

While we would expect projects to comply withthe standards, other solutions – possibly basedon new products or technologies, or reflectinglocal factors – may equally comply with theperformance specification and could be used.We do not want to stifle innovation by beingtoo prescriptive.

It will be for users to exercise their own skilland expertise in deciding whether a standardor example shown in this document isreasonable and appropriate for their owncircumstances. This guidance does not affectobligations and liabilities under the lawrelating to construction and building.

Though principally aimed at secondary schoolbuilding projects delivered through the BSFprogramme, the specifications and examplesmay also apply to other educational buildings.

We will keep this guidance under review andupdate it as necessary to reflect thedevelopment of new products, processes andregulations. There is a web-based version atwww.teachernet.gov.uk/schoolbuildings

PHOTO REDACTED DUE TO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR OTHER LEGAL ISSUES


Background to Standard Specifications,Layouts and Dimensions (SSLD)

The BSF programme offers a unique opportunityover the next 10-15 years to transform oursecondary schools, providing innovativelearning environments that will inspire pupilsto achieve more. High quality, modern schoolbuildings will help to raise standards and playa crucial part in the Government’s programmeof educational reform.

With the huge increases in funding associatedwith this programme, there is considerablescope for using standardised specifications,layouts and dimensions to speed up design andconstruction, reduce whole-life costs and deliverconsistently high quality and better value schoolbuildings. Standardisation will support the use ofmore off-site fabrication and modern methodsof construction, which should help to improvehealth and safety performance, reduce wasteand deliver more sustainable solutions. For thesupply industry, being involved instandardisation will help to demonstrate marketleadership – and help firms reduce risk andincrease sales, profitability, and market size.

The examples in this document and the othersin the SSLD series have been developed basedon extensive consultation under the auspices ofthe SSLD Forum. Set up by the Department forChildren Schools and Families (DCSF), thisforum represents key stakeholders in thebuilding design, research, contracting, andsupply industry communities, as well as localauthority construction client bodies.



Aims and scope of this guidance

This document provides standard performancespecifications and some examples to helpwith the choice of internal doorsets in BSFsecondary schools.

Specifically it:

• sets out minimum standards of performanceand quality expected by the DCSF;

• provides design guidance for projectdesigners formulating technical specifications;

• standardises internal doorset types so thatefficiencies and economies of scale can begenerated within the supply chain; and

• makes it easier for caretakers and facilitiesmanagers to maintain, repair and replacecomponents correctly.

It is structured as follows:

Section 2

The generic performance characteristics ofinternal doorsets and their associated hardwarein secondary schools. This section also sets outthe specific whole-life cost information for theexample solutions in Section 3.

Section 3

Performance specifications for internaldoorsets and their associated hardware, indifferent locations within a building, togetherwith some design examples that meet theperformance requirements.

Section 4

References to relevant European, BritishStandards, DCSF and other design guidance.

This guide has been produced to inform ratherthan replace detailed project specifications.Descriptions are given in generic terms and arenot intended to promote the products ofspecific manufacturers. Contractors andspecifiers should consult with relevantmanufacturers to establish which products areappropriate and compliant.


Key performance requirements

This section sets out the minimum

generic performance and design

standards DCSF would expect to be

adopted for internal doorsets in BSF

schools wherever it is reasonable and

appropriate. Section 3 defines the

specific internal doorset requirements

for each location and suggests some

examples that meet those requirements.

The primary functions of internal doorsets are tocontrol movement between separate internalspaces within a school building and to maintainthe different environmental conditions requiredwithin the various internal spaces.

Design requirements

Configuration

Doorsets should be specified wherever possible,rather than specifying separate componentssuch as leaves, frames and architraves. This isbecause the latter is rarely supported byappropriate evidence of the combined doorassembly’s conformity with the appropriateperformance requirements.

Specifying doorsets also has other advantages:

• Doorsets can be installed much later in the buildprogramme, especially if they are of a cassettedesign that slots into a pre-formed aperture.This reduces the opportunity for damage tooccur to the door between its installation andthe building being completed and handed over.

• Doorsets require far less assembly ofcomponents on site. Where possible, suchassembly should be restricted to fixing thearchitrave and any projecting hardware to theleaf, which may otherwise have been damagedin transit if pre-fitted to the door. This can:


– reduce the time needed to assemble andinstall doors once supplied to site; and

– reduce opportunities for components to bepaired with the wrong doors and theresulting time required to rework or replaceincorrectly assembled doorsets andassociated waste.

The economies of scale achieved throughstandardisation of doorsets used should,in turn, mean that the replacement of completedoorsets is more economical, making it possibleto avoid repair and replacement of individualcomponents or elements of the doorset.This should lead to greater certainty that thedoorsets continue to offer the full range ofperformance characteristics that those doorsetsare required to provide.

If doorsets are to be installed into brick orblockwork walls, specifying cassette styledoorsets can offer further advantages.These incorporate outer sub-frames that actas templates to aid the construction of theopenings into which the doorsets are then fitted.The doorset is then installed directly into thatsub-frame, offering the following advantages:

• The sub-frames ensure openings are sizedto suit the doorsets to be fitted. This in turnhelps ensure that the doorsets provide therequired acoustic and other properties thatmight otherwise be affected if the size of thegaps between the doorset and supportingstructure are not within acceptable tolerances.

• The sub-frames permit cassette style doorsetsto be simply slotted into place once delivered.This can reduce installation times and allowsthe doorsets to be relocated to other openingsmore easily if the layout of the school changeswithin the doorsets’ planned lifetime.

• The doorset is less likely to become damagedduring construction and fit out of school, asdoorsets can be installed much later in thebuild programme.

• Cassette doorsets can be easier to replacethan door assemblies or standard doorsets.

Co-ordinated doorset dimensions

The following factors should apply:

• Use doorsets of standard sizes whereverpossible, as this maximises opportunities forsavings through economies of scale.

• Where the use of larger doorsets is unavoidable,specify those doorsets that incorporate:

– multiple leafs of sizes consistent with thoseon other doorsets within the school; and

– frames of cross-sections consistent withthose on other doorsets within the school.

Height

Wherever possible, doorsets should bedesigned to fit structural openings of heightsmeasuring 2100mm from the finished floor leveland incorporate leaves 2040mm high.


Width

Doorsets must be sufficiently wide to permit:

• movement of people, including those withdisabilities, between adjacent spaces inaccordance with the requirements ofApproved Document M;

• people to escape safely in an emergency,in accordance with the requirements ofApproved Document B; and

• the transfer of equipment and materials fromone space to another.

Wherever possible, single leaf doorsets shouldbe specified.

If single leaf doorsets are to be located eitherstraight on from the direction of approach,without a turn or oblique approach, or at rightangles to an accessible route at least 1500mmwide, the doorset should be designed to fitstructural openings of widths measuring1000mm and incorporate leaves 926mm wide.

In order to achieve the 800mmminimum clearopening width specified for such doorsets inApproved Document M, the impact of the leafthickness and hardware projection need to betaken into account when specifying the doorset,its associated hardware and the surroundinglayout, as the door leaf may need to openbeyond 90 degrees, as illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Effect of door leaf opening angle on effective clear opening

Orientation of leaf when open

Leaf width

Example doorset dimensions (mm)

926

– 44Leaf thickness

– 26Stops (total of both)

+ 4Clearance (total of both sides)

– 15Hinge projection

– 70Hardware projection

= 775Clear opening

(i) Leaf opened to 90 degrees

Leaf width 926

– 44Leaf thickness

– 26Stops (total of both)

+ 4Clearance (total of both sides)

– 15Hinge projection

– N/AHardware projection

= 845Clear opening

(ii) Leaf opened beyond 90 degrees


1 Refer to DCSF publication – ‘Standard Specifications, Layouts and Dimensions. 1: Partitions in schools’.

2 Based on maximum gap recommended within BB93.

If single leaf doorsets are located at right anglesto accessible routes less than 1500mm wide,wider doorsets that provide a clear opening of atleast 825mm should be specified. While this canbe achieved using doorsets with 926mm wideleaves, it is almost certain that the leaves willneed to open beyond 90 degrees in order toachieve the 825mm clear opening specified inApproved Document M.

Where single leaf doorsets do not providesuitable access or egress, particularly inrelation to the requirements of ApprovedDocument B, consider:

• specifying double leaf doorsets formedfrom two 926mm wide leaves with plainmeeting stiles;

• specifying leaf and a half doorsets formedfrom at least one 926mm wide leaf and bothleaves having plain meeting stiles exceptwhere the doorset is across corridors or othercirculation routes; and

• providing additional alternative routesbecause this not only helps minimise the sizeand mass of each doorset; doing so also:

– helps ensure escape is possible if one routewere to become blocked; and

– may provide greater flexibility in terms ofthe future use of the space to which thosedoorsets lead.

Frame depth

The depth of door frames should suit thethickness and construction of the wall1 inwhich the doorset is to be fitted and shouldaccommodate variances in wall thicknessof ± 5mm.

Steel doorsets are typically available with arange of one-piece frames of sizes and designsto suit different wall thicknesses andconfigurations.

It is usually possible to fit timber doorsets withone-piece frames into walls up to 150mm thick.Beyond that thickness, extension linings may berequired as illustrated in Figure 2.

Tolerances

The following factors apply:

• Doorsets should be capable ofaccommodating deviations in the size ofstructural openings. Doorsets should thereforebe built to suit the size of the openings, with atolerance of – 10mm / + 0mm2 on the widthand height of the opening and ± 5mm onwall thickness.

Figure 2Use of extension lining on thickerpartitions

• Use doorsets with common frame dimensionsbecause this:

– helps to maximise economies of scaleassociated with the doorset production;

– simplifies building works, enabling allopenings to be built to the same size; and

– reduces opportunities for confusionand errors.

Thresholds

Avoid doorsets that incorporate thresholdswherever possible as thresholds cut into thescreed and can lead to cracking of the screedand will leave a groove in the screed if the dooris moved.

Thresholds may also cause trip hazards andinhibit free movement of trolleys (used totransport ICT equipment, laboratory materials,etc.) and floor cleaning equipment.

Therefore, any thresholds that are fitted should:

• be set flush with the floor screed and coveredby the floor finish;

• comply with the requirements containedwithin BS 8300: 2001.

Vision panels

Vision panels should:

• be fitted to all door leaves wider than 450mm,except those leaves on doorsets leading intothe following spaces:

– changing rooms;

– medical inspection rooms/‘sick bays’;

– plant rooms;

– service ducts; and

– store cupboards;

• be located towards the leading edge of thedoor, remembering to allow suitable spacebetween the vision panel(s) and the leadingedge of the leaf for:

– door protection plates;

– accommodating lock cases within theleaf; and

– operating handles without catching handson any beading around the vision panel;


Figure 3Doors with single vision panels

Figure 4Doors with two vision panels


• provide effective zones of visibility. Alternativelayouts that may be considered include:

– a single vision panel that, at minimum, coversa vertical zone between 500mm and 1500mmfrom the floor, as shown in Figure 3; and

– two vision panels, the lower of which atleast covers a vertical zone between 500mmand 800mm from the floor and the upper ofwhich at least covers a vertical zonebetween 1150mm and 1500mm from thefloor, as shown in Figure 4;

• incorporate glazing that meets therequirements of Class C to BS 6206: 1981 if it isup to 900mm wide; and

• be covered by the evidence of conformityprovided for the doorset in relation to theperformance requirements contained in thisstandard, such as those relating to fire,acoustic and security performance.

If a degree of privacy is desirable, for example, ondoorsets to offices or toilet blocks, either avoidincorporating vision panels or consider fittingprivacy glass.

Hardware

General

Flush fitting hardware should be fitted to thedoorset prior to delivery to ensure it fits and thedoorset functions correctly. Projecting items,such as handles and surface-mounted doorclosers, should be packaged separately fordelivery in order to avoid damage.

Any hardware that is supplied separately shouldbe clearly marked to show which doorset it ispaired with, as this will help to ensure thehardware is fitted to the correct doorset.

The hardware selected must providefunctionality and performance appropriate tothat doorset’s intended use and must notundermine the performance of the doorsets towhich they are fitted. Therefore, always ensure:

• the hardware is independently tested andcertified to confirm it meets the relevanthardware classification requirements definedin the hardware specifications defined inTables 7 to 14; and

• the use of hardware on the doorset is coveredby the scope of the evidence confirming thedoorsets’ compliance with all the performancerequirements identified in Section 3.

Co-ordinated designs and dimensions

Specifying the same hardware on as manydoorsets as possible can help to achievefinancial savings through economies of scale.

Specifying locking hardware from modularranges with coordinated dimensions enablesthe hardware to be changed to suit thedoorset’s desired functionality if the layout ofthe school changes, or if there are changes tothe way in which individual spaces within theschool are used. It also generally makes it easierfor fire and other performance assessments tobe completed if the existing evidence does notcover the specific models selected.

The locks selected should also suit the fitting ofcylinders that can be operated within a commonmaster key system.


Access control

Doorsets should incorporate hardware thatpermits appropriate control of access throughthe doorset and, where appropriate, the recordof any operations. This is particularly relevant toexternal entrance doorsets and internaldoorsets within school that are likely to beopened to the general public.

Access control systems complying with BS EN50133-1: 1997 can provide appropriate controlsand avoid the need to replace complete keysuites if a master key is lost, since the systemcan simply be reprogrammed to prevent thelost key being used. Such systems can offerflexible management of access according tohow the school is to be used. For example,many systems allow access tokens (e.g. swipecards) to be set in such a way as to allow onlythe holder access to particular areas at particulartimes, for example, access to the main entrance,relevant corridors and the appropriate teachingspace(s) when the card holder is due to attendevening classes.

Ensuring the card or token incorporates a photoof the holder can help staff to ensure only thecorrect people are using the cards, therebydeterring misuse by criminals.

Although access control systems are generallyhard-wired, internet protocols (IP) and othertechnologies are now enabling the use ofwireless access control devices.

These can greatly reduce the cost of installing,repairing and replacing systems and theircomponents or adding to the system at alater date.

As an alternative to installing hard-wired accesscontrol systems when upgrading existingschools, consideration should be given to fittingelectronic lock cylinders in place of mechanical

cylinders. This is because the costs of upgradingthe mechanical cylinder locks to achieve thewider access control functionality possible withelectronic locks can be much less than the costof replacing the complete locksets or havingwiring installed for more complicated accesscontrol systems. Electronic cylinders can alsoprovide greater resistance to certain types ofcriminal attack.

Irrespective of the type of access control systemand devices specified, it is important to ensurethat any access control devices:

• do not undermine the performance providedby the doorsets on which they are fitted;

• do not inhibit escape in the case of a fire orother emergency;

• comply with relevant directives forelectronic devices;

• can be operated by disabled users;

• offer appropriate durability;

• offer the range of functionality required; and

• can be easily repaired or replaced.



Materials and finishes

It is important to ensure that any materials andfinishes specified:

• do not prevent the doorset providing theperformance defined in Section 3;

• are widely available and are likely to remainavailable over the design life of the doorset sothat matching replacement materials/partscan be sourced;

• are economically viable to use;

• are, wherever possible, available fromsustainable sources;

• can be recycled at the end of the product’slife; and

• are not hazardous and are not on the lists ofbanned materials available from the EuropeanCommission’s Enterprise and Industry website(http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise) or the Healthand Safety Executive (www.hse.gov.uk)websites.

Any timber used must be procured inaccordance with the Government’s TimberProcurement Policy. Further details are availablefrom the following website:www.proforest.net/cpet/uk-government-timber-procurement-policy

Lippings

Door edges can be damaged during use,especially in high traffic areas or when thereis regular movement of equipment andmaterials, for example in kitchens, workshopsand laboratories.

Using electromagnetic hold-open devices(linked to an automatic fire detection and alarmsystem) can reduce the opportunities fordamage, especially if the doorsets opensufficiently to permit free movement of peopleand materials through the opening.

Although they can be removed, it is importantto consider their resistance to removal beforespecifying plastic lippings.

BenefitsType

• Can reduce the chance of the laminatebeing damaged during the doorset’slifetime

Curved post formed edges

Weaknesses

• Can be more difficult and expensive torepair if they are damaged

• Generally easier to repair than curvedpost formed edges

• Can provide visual contrast down theedge of the door

Hardwood lippings • More prone to damage than curvedpost formed edges

• Can resist scoringPlastic lippings • Prone to removal

Table 1 Alternative door leaf edge protection


Surface finishes

The surface finishes should be suitably robustand perform their necessary protective anddecorative functions. The following factors apply:

• The surface finish should have a resistance tomarking of at least class 3 when tested tomethods 2 to 6 in BS 3962-6: 1980 and shouldbe capable of withstanding cleaning with hotwater containing mild non-abrasivedetergents and disinfectants as part of aregular cleaning programmes.

• The finishes should be covered by theevidence of the doorset’s compliance with theperformance requirements defined in Section 3.

• The finish should not create any reflectionslikely to disturb pupils or affect visuallyimpaired people’s ability to use the doorset.

Colour

It is important to ensure visually impaired userscan negotiate doorsets safely by avoiding visualclutter and using colour and tonal contrastbetween surfaces (for example, frame, leaf anddoor handles).

Elements should therefore contrast visuallywith one another by the minimum differencesin light reflectance value (LRV) specified inBS 8300: 2001. These are summarised in Table 2.

The following should be considered whenspecifying the colour of doorsets and adjacentwalls, floors and ceilings:

• Colour code doorsets, frames, handles,walls and/or wall-floor junctions, asappropriate, to identify each class baseor area of different activity.

• Avoid excessive use of bright colours orpatterns because excessive use can result inover-stimulation or visual confusion.Remember, teachers and pupils will addcolour to environment during activitiesundertaken and in their display of work.

• Light colours assist with good quality lightreflectance; while dark colours reflect less lightand may contribute to glare.

• Bright colours in large expanses and strongpatterns can be over stimulating, confusing ordistracting, whereas passive cool colours suchas blue-green, light green and beige arethought to aid concentration.

Minimum difference in LRVElements

203 (30 preferred)Door leaf and operating hardware (e.g. handles)

30Face and edge of door leafs that are not self closing or are held open

30Door frame and surrounding wall, for example, by using an architrave that has thesame LRV as the doorset but a different LRV from the surrounding wall

Table 2Minimum differences in light reflectance values (LRVs)

3 Based on results of research contained within the report ‘The examination of the effects of differences between door faces andhardware in terms of light reflectance values (LRVs) and gloss levels’ published by Research Group for Inclusive Environments in 2005.


• Pastels and softer, subtle, subdued tones canbe uplifting, soothing or calming for pupilswho need a low stimulus or non-distractionenvironment, enabling teachers to introducestimuli to suit pupils’ needs.

• Contrasting tones of colour can be used toassist recognition, and way-finding, and fordifferentiation of wall and floor surfaces,doorsets, handles, frames, etc.

• Changes in the tactile qualities of surfaces canalso assist with way-finding.

• High gloss finishes can cause reflections,which can affect the ease with which somevisually impaired people use the doorset.

Hygiene

A doorset and its associated hardware shouldnot contain materials which by direct contact orotherwise can be detrimental to the health andsafety of the user.

Doorsets and their associated hardware shouldbe designed and constructed so as to avoidundesirable accumulations of dirt, possible attackby micro-organisms, fungi or insects, or possibleinfestation by insects. This is particularly relevantfor doorsets and hardware that will be used inareas where food is prepared or consumed,medical rooms and other areas where hygieneis particularly important.

All doorsets and associated hardware shouldbe capable of withstanding wet cleaningof exposed faces using mild detergentsor disinfectants, without deterioration ordiscoloration of surfaces or performance.



Acoustic performance

Good acoustic performance within schools isessential for learning; it facilitates clearcommunication of speech between teacher andstudent, and between students, and improvesstudy activities.

Guidance on the minimum acoustic reductionvalues for doorsets is provided in Section 3 ofthis publication. The values specified are basedon those specified in Building Bulletin 93.

The doorsets must have good perimeter sealingin order to provide the desired airborne soundinsulation. The following factors apply:

• Minimise the size of any gaps between doorframes and the walls in which they are fixed.No gaps should exceed 10mm.

• Fill and seal gaps between door frames andthe surrounding walls in a manner compliantwith the fire, security and acousticperformance sought.

• Consider the potential for the acoustic seals towear the floor covering lying under theopening arc of the door leaf or the floorcovering to cause wear to the seals.

• Regularly inspect seals on doorsets andreplace when worn, damaged or removed, forexample, as a result of vandalism. Avoidlocating doorsets in partitions between roomsrequiring values above 35 dB, for example,between music rooms, studios, halls for musicor drama performance and other teachingspaces. If such routes are unavoidable,consider incorporating acoustic lobbies.

Fire safety

The main objective of fire compartments inschools is to reduce the potential for fire andsmoke to develop and spread from the room oforigin, while the main objective of fire doorsetsis to allow the movement of people andequipment between adjacent fire compartmentswhile preventing the passage of fire and smoke.

A fire strategy should therefore be developedby a qualified fire engineer at an early stageto determine the location of fire doorsets andthe minimum fire and smoke resistance theymust provide.

The minimum performance each doorset isrequired to provide depends on where thatdoorset is located and the fire strategy for thatschool. The minimum performance identified inApproved Document B is primarily designed toensure occupants have sufficient time toescape. Additional fire resistance may berequired to protect rooms containing items ofsignificant value to the school. However, fewerdoorsets and/or doorsets of lower resistancemay be acceptable if sprinkler systems aredesigned and installed in accordance withLPS1048-1: Issue 4 or BS EN 12845: 2004.Further guidance is provided in BB 100 Designfor fire safety in schools.


• At minimum, fire doorsets should meet theclassification specified in Section 3, based ontests conducted to the following standards:

– BS 476-22: 1987 – Fire tests on buildingmaterials and structures. Methods fordetermination of the fire resistance of non-load bearing elements of construction;

– BS EN 1634-1: 2000 – Fire resistance tests fordoor and shutter assemblies. Fire doorsetsand shutters; and


– BS EN 1634-3: 2004 – Fire resistance andsmoke control tests for door and shutterassemblies, openable windows and elementsof building hardware. Smoke control test fordoor and shutter assemblies.

• It is important to ensure that the interfacebetween the doorsets and surroundingsubstrate does not reduce the fireperformance. Therefore, refer to manufacturers’literature for recommended installation detailsand ensure they are covered by valid fireperformance assessments and third partycertification from a recognised third partycertification body such as BM Trada, BodycoteWarrington Fire or LPCB.

• Any glazing, hardware or other items specifiedon the doorset may undermine that doorset’sfire resistance. Therefore, ensure they arecovered by any supporting evidence of thirdparty certification for those doorsets.

• It is vital that the fire resistance ismaintained throughout the life of theschool. Therefore ensure:

– fire doorsets are regularly inspected andmaintained in accordance with themanufacturer’s instructions by qualifiedservice and maintenance engineers; and

– the fire strategy plans are consulted beforereplacing or altering fire resisting doorsets.

Hygrothermal performance

General

Hygrothermal conditions can affect theperformance of doorsets, so it is importantto ensure the doorsets used withstandthese conditions without loss of performanceor appearance.

Ability to resist changes/extremes oftemperature and humidity

Most areas within the school will have relativehumidity levels ranging between 25 per centand 65 per cent and temperatures rangingbetween 10°c and 25°c. Doorsets betweenthese areas need not offer significantperformance against hygrothermal effects.However, doorsets from these areas into thoseof higher temperature and humiditywill need to provide appropriate resistanceto hygrothermal effects. Areas of highertemperature and humidity include changingrooms and kitchens, with temperatures rangingbetween 10°c and 30°c and relative humiditylevels ranging between 25 per cent and100 per cent.

Capability of resisting the presence of waterand water vapour

The surface finishes of doorsets and theirassociated hardware used in kitchens, changingfacilities, toilets and other areas likely to besubject to intermittent contact with water andwater vapour should meet the requirements ofBS EN 1294: 2000 and BS EN 12219: 2000.

Thermal transmittance

Where there is a temperature differencebetween two spaces on either side of thedoorset; for example, the doorset divides aheated and unheated space; the doorset shouldbe capable of achieving an improved‘U’ value of 3.0 W/mk.

In order to prevent heat loss caused by thermalbridging, minimise any gaps between theframe of the doorset and the surroundingwall, and ensure all gaps are filled usingappropriate sealants.


Security

The opportunities for crime in schools areincreasing. This is primarily because of theincreased value and desirability of ICT and otherequipment used within schools attractingburglars; and increased access to the schoolbeing provided to the wider community both inand out of normal teaching hours.

Arson is also an extremely big problem.According to the Arson Prevention Bureau, 20schools a week suffer an arson attack in the UK,with arson reportedly costing schools anestimated £83 million in 20044.

While arson generally occurs as a result of firesetting on the outside of the school, a largenumber of fires are set within school buildings –some of which are by burglars attempting todestroy forensic evidence following theft ofproperty from a school.

Doorsets must therefore offer appropriate levelsof security performance to prevent unauthorisedaccess by arsonists and burglars, while notpreventing the passage of authorised people.

The security each doorset needs to providedepends on a number of factors, including:

• local crime patterns;

• the value and desirability of the equipmentcontained within the area(s) to which thedoorset restricts access;

• the security of the school perimeter andexternal façade of the school buildings; and

• the use of other crime prevention measureswithin the school.

Further guidance on school security is availablefrom the local Police Architectural LiaisonOfficer (ALO) or Crime Prevention DesignAdvisor (CPDA).

Sustainability

Since March 2005, it has been a Departmentalrequirement that all major new build andrefurbishment projects aim to achieve aminimum BREEAM rating of ‘very good’.Compliance with the standard is inspected by ateam of licensed assessors.

BREEAM Schools considers a wide range ofenvironmental factors that are affected by thedesign and construction of school buildingsover their operating life. The standard isintended to guarantee a minimum level ofenvironmental performance for school buildingdesigns, without specifying particular solutions.Designs score points for meeting varioussustainability criteria.

BREEAM Schools assesses the performance ofbuildings in a number of areas. The selection ofdoorsets can affect the scores achieved underthe following credits within BREEAM for Schools:

• MW8 – Responsible sourcing of materials.

• MW10 – Designing for robustness.

Further information on BREEAM and a copy ofthe BREEAM for Schools Technical Manual areavailable at www.breeam.org

4 Zurich Municipal, July 2005



Specifying doorsets complying with therequirements of this doorset specificationdocument can reduce the environmentalimpact of the doorsets. This is because:

• The outer frame of ‘cassette’ style doorsetscan act as a template to be used to aidconstruction of the opening when the wall isformed. This should increase the certainty thatthe doorsets will fit first time without the needto rework or replace the doorsets to suit thehole into which the doorset is to be installed,thus reducing construction waste.

• Doorsets can be installed later in the buildprogramme, reducing opportunities for themto be damaged during fit-out andsubsequently scrapped.

• Manufacturers can invest in developing theirproduction systems to suit the standard sizesof doorsets required, providing moreopportunities for reducing production wasteand inefficiencies.

• The cassette design allows doorsets to beinterchanged with one another when the useof spaces within the school changes.

Durability

Doorsets are required to perform satisfactorilyunder the conditions appropriate to thespecified categories of use, given reasonableuse and the expected standards ofmaintenance, for a period of 20 years.

The following formula can be used todetermine the total number of times thedoorset is expected to be used over its lifetimeand can be used to specify the appropriatedurability classification according to EN 1191:2000, as illustrated in Table 3.

X = Y x ((T x N) + (t x n))

WhereX = Approximate number of times the doorset will be

operated in its lifetime

Y = Expected lifetime of the doorset

T = Average number of expected operations on eachteaching day

N = Number of teaching days each year

t = Average number of expected uses on each non-teaching day

n = Number of non-teaching days on which doorsetis likely to be used each year

Durability Class definedin EN 1191: 2000 1

5

2

10

3

20

4

50

5

100

6

200

7

500

8

1000

Table 3 Durability classifications according to total number of operations expected over theintended lifetime

Approximate number ofoperations overlifetime of doorset (000’s)

Figure 5 The approximate number of times adoorset will be operated during its lifetime


It is important to reduce the likelihood of carelessoperation causing damage to the door, hardwareor adjacent walls in order to achieve the lifetimesspecified. Therefore ensure the doorsets:

• meet the minimum mechanical strengthclassifications specified in Section 3 and arelocated a sufficient distance from adjacentwalls to prevent the door or its associatedhardware impacting the wall when opened; or

• incorporate door stops fitted as close to theleading edge of the leaf and no less than twothirds of the door width away from the hingeline. It is also important to ensure door stopsare never located in positions where they mayconstitute a trip hazard.

Avoiding the use of door closers on anydoorsets that are not required to be self closingwill help extend the life of those doorsets andassociated hardware such as hinges and latches.This will also help to reduce the force requiredto open the door, making it more useable bydisabled and other users who may otherwisestruggle to overcome the additional resistanceto opening caused by the use of closers.

If door closers are fitted on fire doorsets oncirculation routes, ensure they incorporateelectromagnetic hold-open devices linked to theautomatic fire detection and alarm system, tohelp reduce the number of timesthe doorset is operated each day while alsoensuring the doorsets can close when requiredto act as a fire or smoke barrier. However,electromagnetic hold-open devices should notbe fitted to doorsets required to be self closing inorder to provide appropriate privacy, such asdoorsets to changing rooms.

Structural performance

A doorset and its associated hardware shouldbe capable of withstanding incidental static,dynamic and impact forces. The minimumdoorset strengths identified within Section 3reflect the level of care likely to be taken bythose either using the doorset or moving nearthe doorset. They are given in terms ofclassifications to BS EN 1192: 20005.

Doorsets fitted to moveable partitions

School environments are generally required toperform a multitude of activities over time. Thisresults in some spaces being required to beadaptable. There are numerous proprietarymoveable wall products available on the marketto achieve this, and many incorporate doorsets.

Although such doorsets are outside the scope ofthis publication, they should comply with theperformance requirements identified within thispublication appropriate to the function of thespaces divided by the partitions.

5 BS EN 1192: 2000 Doors. Classification of strength requirements, BSI.



Health and safety

Always ensure:

• work involving installation and maintenanceof doorsets is covered by a valid riskassessment and method statements;

• doorsets and their associated hardwareincorporate adequate means to preventcasual dismantling or tampering; and

• all power-operated doorsets meet therequirements of BS 7036: Part 1: 1996.

The risk of fingers becoming trapped in doorsshould be considered, in particular, on doorsthat will not be held open using hold-opendevices during peak periods of pedestrianmovement through those door doorways.Although the risks of finger trapping are moreprevalent in nursery, primary and specialschools, the risks should be considered whendesigning secondary schools especially inrelation to doors to spaces within the schoolwhere young children may occasionally bepresent, such as, reception areas and halls.

Specify the fitting of finger guards whereconsidered appropriate to the risk, ensuring theguards do not:

• reduce the width of the clear opening belowthat required to satisfy DDA requirements; or

• undermine the doorset’s ability to provide theperformance defined in Section 3.

Provision for engineering services

Avoid incorporating ventilation grilles in internaldoorsets wherever possible. If their use isunavoidable, ensure the ventilation grilles donot compromise the doorset’s compliance withthe performance requirements specified inSection 3.

Certification and approval

Many issues can affect whether the doorsetssupplied and installed offer the performancerequired within this standard. It is thereforeimportant to ensure:

• Any test evidence supplied to confirm thedoorset offers the required performancecovers:

– the construction of the doorset andhardware fitted;

– the opening configuration;

– size; and

– installation method.

• The tests were independently conducted,preferably by a suitably qualified laboratoryaccredited to BS EN ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 by arecognised accreditation body such as UKAS.

• The doorset’s conformity with the full set ofrequirements contained within this documentis confirmed by a third party certification bodywhich:

– is independent of manufacturer interest;

– regularly audits the production to ensurethe units produced continue to meet therequired performance classifications; and

– is independently accredited to BS EN45011:1998 by a recognised accreditationbody such as UKAS.

Doorsets must be installed in accordance withthe approved instructions into openings withinthe tolerances permitted by this standard. Inorder to ensure the quality of installation workundertaken and performance of the doorsetsonce installed, ensure those installing thedoorsets are approved under recognised thirdparty installer schemes such as those operatedfor fire doorsets by BM Trada, FIRAS and LPCB.


Installation and commissioning

Installation

Doors are often installed before much of the fitout of the building is complete. This increasesthe opportunity for damage to the doors tooccur before the building is handed over to theclient and can result in doors requiring repair orreplacement towards the end of the project.

In addition, if doors are supplied to site as kits ofparts rather than complete assemblies (sets),the various components can become mixed upon site if they are not marked up well, or are allunpacked at once rather than unpacked as andwhen each component is required. This canresult in the wrong components being pairedtogether and reworked in order to assembleand fit doorsets on site.

These issues can affect installation timescalesand installation and waste costs, as well as theperformance of the door once it is assembledand installed.


• Doors should be delivered to site in ascompletely assembled a state as possible,prepared ready to take any projectinghardware supplied separately to preventdamage to the hardware in transit.

• Any hardware supplied separately should besuitably packed to prevent damage andmarked to show which doors they are to befitted to. These should then be paired withthe relevant doors on site.

• Doors supplied to site as pre-assembled setshave the advantage that they can be installedinto pre-constructed openings within thebuilding fabric much later in the buildprogramme than traditional door assembliessupplied to site as separate frames, leaves,hardware and architraves.

• Where the opening into which the door is tobe fitted is formed by timber stud, thedoorsets can be installed directly intoopenings pre-formed within the stud work.Alternatively, in the case of brick, blockwork orconcrete walls, cassette style doorsets can beused to speed up installation. That is, an outerframe can be built into the fabric of the wallallowing the doorset to be slotted intoposition on delivery and fixed back to theouter frame and/or surrounding wall.

• In all cases, with each door the manufacturersshould supply instructions for the door’ssecure installation and use and shoulddescribe how the doors are to be fitted andused in order to achieve the requirements ofthis document.



Commissioning

Once the doorset is installed, the followingfactors apply:

• Check:

– all seals and intumescents are present;

– fixings are present and secure; and

– hardware is installed and operates correctly.

• Check the force required to open the doorsetto ensure the opening force is no greater thanthe following when measured at the leadingedge of the door:

– 30 N from 0° (the door in the closedposition) to 30° open; and

– 22.5 N from 30° to 60°.

If it is not possible to measure the forces atthe leading edge, the forces may bemeasured at a point on the face of the doorup to 60mm from the leading edge, a positionapproximately in line vertically with thespindle of a lever handle or the centre line of apull handle or push plate, in which case theopening force limits can be increased byapproximately 2 N.

The accuracy of force measuring instrumentsavailable on the market varies and there areinherent difficulties in measuring forces onsite. It is therefore recognised that anymeasurements are subject to a degree ofimprecision which could give rise to variationsof between 2 and 3 N.

• Adjust any closers fitted to the doorset toensure that they can close the leaf from anyposition and the operating forces fall withinthe limits described above.

• Check any hold-open devices to ensure thatthey hold the door leaf open and releasewhen signalled to do so by the fire detectionand alarm system.

Maintenance

The maintenance instructions manufacturersissue with each doorset should cover:

• cleaning;

• decorating;

• lubricating moving parts;

• checking operating forces and functionality;

• checking seals;

• replacing damaged components; and

• maintenance of any hardware suppliedon/with the doorset.

The maintenance described within theinstructions should match that applied tosamples during durability tests conductedduring the evaluation of the doorset’sperformance to the requirements defined inSection 3.

The project architect should use thisinformation to compile an operation andmaintenance manual for the doorsets specified.This should be handed to the maintenance staffon completion of the contract.

The manual should include all maintenancerecommendations made by the doorsetmanufacturer because the performance claimedby the manufacturer is likely to be conditionalon such measures being implemented.

The maintenance regime should ensure doorsetsand their associated hardware are visuallyinspected on a regular basis to make sure theyare free of defects and that all seals and fixingsare in place and secure. This is particularlyrelevant to fire doorsets as removal of, ordamage to, intumescent strips may underminethe doorsets’ performance in a fire situation.


It is also important to ensure that the doorsetcontinues to operate using forces below thosedefined within Approved Document M. As withthe initial commissioning checks, thismaintenance can be conducted using a plunger-type force measuring instrument.

Any increases in the force measured duringmaintenance checks beyond that measuredduring commissioning or previous maintenancechecks may indicate problems that could beaffecting the doorset’s compliance with otherperformance requirements, such as fireresistance, acoustic performance, security anddurability. It is therefore important toinvestigate the likely causes of any increase inthe operating force and repair or replace thedoorset/hardware as appropriate.

In order to ensure the continued performanceof doorsets to the relevant standards, it is criticalthat the replacement components match thosebeing replaced. If alternative components aresourced, for example, different locksets, it isimportant to ensure that the use of thatalternative lockset is covered by appropriate thirdparty assessments and does not invalidate anywarranty or certification covering that doorset.

Cost comment

Capital costs

The unit capital costs of doorsets are affectedby many factors:

• designing and developing the doorsand hardware;

• tooling and pre-production costs;

• testing and approval costs;

• materials and proof of sourcing(environmental policy/legislation);

• production and delivery costs; and

• administration, overheads and profit ofmanufacturing company.

The first three can be classified as fixed costs thatneed to be covered by the doors sold to thatspecification. Therefore, the impact these haveon the unit cost of the doorsets manufactured tothat specification reduces significantly as thenumber of doorsets specified increases. This isalso true to some extent for the last three items.

Standardising the doorsets’ design andperformance characteristics can lead to savingsthrough economies of scale that largely offsetthe additional cost of developing andproducing doorsets which achieve the specifiedperformance criteria.

Research suggests that specifying doorsets inaccordance with the recommendations of thisdocument may result in a small increase, ofaround one per cent, in the initial capital cost ofdoorsets. This is because the product is likely tobe of a generally higher and more consistentquality than is being delivered in current projects.


Whole-life costs

The higher capital cost should be more thanoffset by opportunities for reductions in otherwhole-life costs arising from compliance withthis doorset specification. These include:

• Specification and tendering

The new specification provides a single pointof reference on performance requirementsthat should help to reduce time taken to drawup door schedules and tender requirements.

• Installation and commissioning

Supplying doorsets to site as completesets should:

– reduce installation times and associated costs;

– enable doorsets to be fitted much later inthe build programme, reducingopportunities for doors to suffer damageduring building work; and

– help to reduce snagging costs.

• Operating costs

The standards relating to durability, impactresistance, surface finish and security shouldhelp to minimise damage suffered by doorsduring normal use, thereby reducing repairand maintaining costs.

Further reductions can be achieved byselecting doors that:

– achieve higher durability classifications withfewer maintenance conditions identifiedwithin the relevant maintenanceinstructions; and

– do not incorporate unique designs,materials or components that may not easilybe replaced/repaired over the desireddesign life of the doorset.

• Consequential cost of product failure

If a doorset suffers a catastrophic failure inservice, this will not only lead to replacementcosts but may also incur consequential coststhat are often a hidden cost of specifying lowerperformance doors. Such costs may include:

– loss of availability of an area for its normal use;

– claims resulting from injury or death, forexample, due to a doorset failing to offerrequired resistance to fire and smoke; and

– damage to or losses of other items in theenvironment, for example, the value ofproducts stolen if a door fails to offer therequired resistance to forced entry.

By defining minimum levels of security, thedoorsets should help achieve a significantreduction in the level of theft of ICT and otherequipment, and may help reduce losses fromarson. This could result in significantconsequential benefits to school users sincecrime and arson can lead to:

– lost learning time;

– loss of facilities for extramural communityactivities; and

– cost of treating staff and pupils forpsychological affects of being a victim ofcrime or fire.


Performance specifications anddesign solutions

This section provides performance

specifications and some design

examples for doorsets, together with

their associated hardware. The section

also defines the locations where each

door type may be used.

Doorsets may be referenced in

specifications using the codes

contained within this section,

in the following examples, rather

than including all the information

contained within this document.

The first part of the specification code usedshould relate to the type of doorset that isappropriate to the spaces each side of theopening in which the doorset is to be fitted.This can be determined using Table 4.

The next should be a numeric code placed inbrackets indicating the number of leaves onthe doorset:

(1) = single leaf doorset

(1.5) = leaf and half doorset

(2) = double leaf doorset

The final part of the code should be a numberrelating to the hardware set that is to be fittedto the door. These should be selectedaccording to the door type and are described inTables 7-14.



Doorsets specifications

This section defines the design andperformance attributes of internal doorsets.

Detailed performance and design specificationsfor individual types of doorsets are defined inTable 4.

The doorset specifications are groupedaccording to the minimum acousticperformance each doorset is expected toprovide and the areas in which those doorsetsmay be used.

Notes relating to the performance requirementscommon to all doorsets are provided in Table 4.

Table 5 indicates the reference code of thetype of doorset that should be specifiedaccording to the two spaces that doorsetseparates. The codes contained within theright hand column(s) refer to the detaileddoorset specifications defined in Table 4.

Mechanical durability

The classifications defined within the individualdoorset specifications assume those doorsetsthat incorporate door closers will alsoincorporate electromagnetic hold-open devicesand that the hold-open devices will beoperated during periods of peak movement ofpeople to reduce the number of times thedoorset is operated. If this is not the case, thenthe higher durability classifications should bespecified according to the expected frequencyof use and lifetime of that doorset, as discussedin the durability section on page 19.

Mechanical strength

This includes resistance to accidental impact.

Grade Description

1 Light duty – Low frequency of use withcare – e.g. private house owners wherethere is a small chance of accidentoccurring or misuse

2 Medium duty – Medium frequency ofuse primarily with care, with somechance of accident/misuse

B2h(1)4

Where

B2h =Doorset leading into heavy-practical

teaching and other work spaces of higher

humidity than the adjacent spaces from

which the door leads, as indicated as being

appropriate for that location in Table 5.

(1) = Single leaf

4 = Doorset is to be fitted with hardware set ‘4’.

This was selected from the hardware

options noted as being appropriate for a

‘B2h’ doorset because the doorset is to be

used in a situation where a self closing

doorset is required to satisfy the

requirements of Approved Document B.

Figure 6 Example door reference for a single leafdoor between a circulation space and a foodtechnology teaching space


3 Heavy duty – High frequency of usewithout care with good chance ofaccident/misuse

4 Frequent violent use

Fire and smoke resistance

All fire doors should, at minimum, offer the fireperformance specified when subjected toexposure from each sideof the doorset separately.

Two classifications are noted for each doorset:

• Those starting ‘FD’ relate to tests conducted inaccordance with the following British Standard:

– BS 476 Part 22 Methods for determinationof the fire resistance of non-load bearingelements of construction.

• Those starting with ‘E’ relate to testsconducted in accordance with one of thefollowing European Standardsfor doorsets:

– BS EN 1634-1: 2000 Fire resistance testsfor door and shutter assemblies. Fire doorsand shutters.

– BS EN 1634-3: 2001 Fire resistance testsfor door and shutter assemblies. Smokecontrol doors.

In both cases, the number following theinitial letter(s) relates to the minimumperiod of integrity provided by the doorset.The additional letter ‘S’ or ’Sa’ placed at theend of the classification relates to the needfor the doorset to restrict smoke leakageat ambient temperature.

Doorsets that achieve higher fire and smokeclassifications than those noted may berequired if they are to be used in areas ofhigher fire risk or to provide greater protectionto emergency escape routes to allow alloccupants to exit the building safely via thatroute. BB 100 provides further guidance.

Security

Higher security ratings may be appropriatedepending to the location of the school,the value of equipment located within theprotected space and the ease with whichcriminals could access that doorset at differenttimes of the day and night. It is thereforerecommended that the advice of the localarchitectural liaison officer is sought whendetermining whether greater securityperformance is required.

Hygrothermal performance

This covers the doorsets’ behaviour when setbetween spaces that have different climates, asexperienced by doorsets to kitchens, changingrooms and food technology teaching spaces.

Doorsets requiring hygrothermal performancemust comply with BS EN 12219: 2000 andBS EN 1294: 2000 and are indicated by ‘h’after the reference code for the core doortype. For example, ‘Eh’ is the version of door‘E’ that provides hygrothermal performance.

Vision panels

If the specification indicates the door mustincorporate vision panels, then vision panelsshould be fitted to each full leaf as illustratedin Figure 3 or 4.

The maximum width of each vision panelshould be 90mm and the vision panelsshould incorporate glass meeting class C toBS 6206: 1981.

29

Code

35

Doorset

Minimumperform

ance

requirem

ents

Table 4 Doorset specifications

Acoustics(Rw (dB) to BS ENISO717-1: 1997)

Description

Doorsetsleadingintomusicand

performancespaces

Doorsetsleadingintogeneralteaching

spaces,light-practicalpaces,offices,etc.

Toiletsandchangingroom

sfordisabled

pupils,staffandvisitors

Toiletsandchangingroom

sfornon-

disabledpupils,staffandvisitors

Doorsetsintocupboardscontaining

equipmentormaterialsforlightweight

activities(e.g.stationeryandtextbooks)

Doorsetsintomaterialsstorageand

preparationareasforheavy-practical

activities.

Doorsetsintochem

icalandother

hazardousmaterialstores,serviceducts

andplantroom

s

Generalpurposedoorsetswith

vision

panelsforuseon

circulationrouteswith

abilitytosecureunused

areasofthe

schooloutsidenormalteaching

hours

Doorsetsleadingintoheavy-practical

teaching

andotherworkspacesof

similarhum

iditytotheadjacentspaces

from

whichthedoorleads

Mechanicaldurability(Class defined in BSEN 12400: 2000

Mechanicalstrength(BS EN 1192: 2000)

Fire and smokeresistance(value of “##” inFD##s to BS 476-22or E##Sa to BS EN1634-3: 2001)

A B1 B2 C1 C2 D E F G

30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 8 2 3 3 3

3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 60 60

Security(Security ratingdefined in LPS 1175)

� � � � � � � � �

Designrequirem

ents

Vision panels

Hygrothermalperformance(Class defined in BSEN 1192: 2000 andBS EN 1294: 2000)

Hardware sets

x x �/x � � x �/x �/x �/x

� � � x x � x � x

4 or 5 4 or 5 4 or 5 6 7 1 2 4 or 5 3

Internal doorsets in schools


Cassette design

Doorset height

All doorsets to be fitted into masonry openings should incorporate an outer sub-framecapable of being used as a template to construct the opening and into which the doorsetcan be fitted at the time of installation.

2100mm (from finished floor level)

Hygiene • Should not contain materials that could be detrimental to the health and safety of the user.

• Exposed surfaces should be capable of withstanding routine wet cleaning by milddetergents or disinfectants, without deterioration or discoloration of surfaces.

Frame depth Should suit wall types into which they are to be fitted and should accommodatevariances in wall thickness of ± 5mm.

Leaf height 2040mm

Leaf width 926mm

Lippings (timber leaves) Curved post formed edges

Surface finish • Minimum of class 3 when tested to methods 2 to 6 in BS 3962-6: 1980.

• Should be capable of withstanding cleaning with hot water containing mild non-abrasive detergents and disinfects as part of regular cleaning programmes.

Thresholds None to be fitted.

Variance in structuralopening (height andwidth)

Doorsets should accommodate variances in the height and width of structural openingsof + 10/-0mm.

Table 4 continued


Table 5 Doorset types

DHorizontal and verticalcirculation spaces including atria

Storage

Circulationspaces

Generalteachingspaces

Art,textiles,graphics,

electronicsandcontrol

ICTsuites

andcluster

rooms

Foodtechnology

Musicclassrooms,music

recital,musicpractice,

ensembleroom

s,recording

stud

ios,stud

iocontrol

room

s,dramastud

iosand

audiovisualstud

ios/

conference

facilities

Resistantmaterialsand

engineering

Science

laboratories

Teaching spaces

Meeting rooms (includinginterview rooms)

Offices for head teacher, seniorteaching staff and caretaker

Staff rooms

Reprographic facilities

B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B2h A

B1(6)

B1

B1

B1

B1

E(7) E E(8) E E E(9) Eh(10) E

B1Medical inspection rooms andsick bays

Science preparation rooms B1 B1

Dining and sandwich/vending areas D

Common rooms D

Kitchen preparation areas B2h

Kitchen staff rooms B1

Kitchen walk-in store rooms F

Toilets and changing rooms C1(11)

Plant rooms and service ducts G G G G G G Gh

Server rooms E E

6 Type A for performance spaces; B2 for resistant materials and engineering; B2h for food technology.

7 Type Fh to food technology storage; Type G for chemical storage.

8 Type G for chemical store.

9 Type B2 for heavy material storage.

10 Type B2h to food technology food storage.

11 Type C2 for disabled users.

Teaching spaces


Table 5 Doorset types continued

B1Horizontal and verticalcirculation spaces including atria

Storage

Mainassembly/

multi-purpose

halls

Lecturetheatres

(over50

people)

Libraries

andcareers

centres

Toiletsandchanging

rooms

Studyareas

SENresourcebases/small

grouprooms/study

areas/meetingrooms/

offices/M

Irooms

Teaching spaces

Meeting rooms(including interview rooms)


Staff rooms


B1 B1 B1 B1 C1(11)

B1 B1

B1

B1

B1

B1

E E E E E Eh

B1Medical inspection rooms andsick bays

Science preparation rooms

Dining and sandwich/vendingareas D(13) C1(11)

Common rooms


Kitchen staff rooms B1

Toilets and changing rooms C1(11) C1(11)

Plant rooms and service ductsG G G G G

Server rooms E E

Plantroomsandservice

ducts

G

G(12)

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

Gh

G

G

Serverrooms

E

E

E

E

Halls Learning resource areas Services

12 Type Gh to food technology.

13 Specify type ‘B1’ doorset if either of the two adjacent spaces may be used for teaching or other study activities and ‘A’ if thoseactivities are related to music or drama.

Kitchen walk-in store rooms



B1Horizontal and verticalcirculation spacesincluding atria

Storage

Meetingrooms(including

interviewrooms)

Offices

forheadteacher,

seniorteachingstaffand

caretaker

Reprographicfacilities

Medicalinspection

roomsandsick

bays

Commonrooms

Diningandsandwich/

vendingareas

Teaching spaces



B1 B1 B1 D(13) D(13)

D(13)

B1

E E E E

Dining and sandwich/vendingareas D(13)

Common rooms D(13)



Toilets and changing roomsC1(11) E

Plant rooms and service ductsG G G G

Server rooms E

Kitchen

preparation

areas

B2h

G

Eh

B2h

Fh

Gh

Kitchen

staffrooms

B1

E

B1

B2h

G

Staff and administrationDining andsocial areas

Catering services

Kitchen staff rooms B1 B2h

Kitchen

walk-instore

rooms

F

E

Fh

Meeting rooms (includinginterview rooms

Staff rooms



EHorizontal and verticalcirculation spacesincluding atria

Storage

Generalteachingstorage

Musicalinstrument

storage

Chem

icalstores

Light-practicalstorage/

preparationrooms

Foodtechnologyfood

storage

Heavy-practicalstorage

Science

preparation

rooms

Teaching spaces

Meeting rooms (includinginterview rooms)


E B1 G B1 F Fh

E(14) E B1 G B1 B2 B2h

E

E

E(8) E E(15)

Dining and sandwich/vendingareas E B1 G

Common rooms

Kitchen preparation areas

Toilets and changing rooms

Plant rooms andservice ducts G G G G

Staff rooms EExam

paperstorage

E

E

E

E

E

E

Chairstore

E

E(14)

E

E

Maintenance

and

cleaners’stores

E

E(14)

E

E(8)

E

E

Eh

E

14 Type Eh to food technology.

15 Type F for heavy practical storage/preparation areas.

Storage

Offices for head teacher, seniorteaching staffand caretaker

Kitchen staff rooms


Server rooms


Hardware specifications

This section defines the hardware sets referred toin the doorset specifications defined in Table 5.

Tables 7-14 define the classifications thehardware selected must meet in accordancewith the products standards referred to for eachtype of hardware. A key to the classificationsymbols used in that table is provided inTable 5. The classification symbols are based onthose developed by the Association of BuildingHardware Manufacturers (ABHM)16.

Requirements and notes common to allhardware sets are outlined in the sections below.

Closers

Avoid selecting hardware options that includeclosers wherever possible, as closers can affectthe ability of disabled users to operate thedoorsets to which they are fitted.

Where closers are specified, they should meetthe requirements of BS EN 1154.

The closers specified in Tables 7-14 incorporateadjustable closing force (power) settings. Wherepossible, specify those closers with ‘wind-up’spring adjusters as these are easier to adjustthan those whose power is set using a templateor via adjustable shoes. Always ensure thepower is set according to that needed to returnthe door to the closed condition so thatoptimum fire resistance and acousticperformance are achieved when the room is inuse and the operating forces are within the limitpermitted within BS 8300.

Delayed action closers may be fitted to doorsetsto individual rooms but are not recommendedfor use on doorsets across circulation routes. If adelayed action closer is fitted, it should notdelay the closing action more than thatrequired for its use (for example, for the ease ofelderly or disabled people). Where the device isfitted to a fire door, this delay should notexceed 25 seconds, as specified in BS EN 1154.

Cylinders

Cylinders should meet the requirements ofBS EN 1303.

Specify cylinders that can be operated:

• within a common master key system; and

• by a key on both sides of the doorset.

Select cylinders of profiles that are compatiblewith the lock on which the cylinder is to be usedand ensure the cylinder is of a common profile,such as Scandinavian oval and Europrofile.

Ensure the cylinder’s length suits the thicknessof the door leaf and any trim specified.

Specify category 4 durability if the cylinder islikely to be used to lock/unlock the doorsetup to seven times each day and category 5durability if the cylinder is likely to be usedto lock/unlock the doorset between 8 and14 times each day.

16 The ABHM now forms part of the Door and Hardware Federation (DHF).


Door protection plates

These are not required on steel doorsets ortimber doorsets with a laminate finish.

Specify the following protection plates if theleaves are veneered or painted:

• One 200mm high by 2mm thick kick plate ofwidth to suit door leaf to be fitted to the footof each face of the leaf.

• Either one 200mm wide by 1400mm highvertical protection plate/push plate to befitted to the face of the leaf used to push theleaf open; or, if a single plate is notcompatible with the other hardware fitted tothe door, two 200mm wide vertical protectionplates/push plates, fitted to that face of theleaf above and below the lock position.

Door stops

To avoid the door or hardware from beingdamaged, stops should be fitted to the skirtingboard on the adjacent wall. Where practicable,the stops should be located so that when theymake contact with the door leaf they do so noless than two-thirds across the width of the leafwhen measured from the hinge line.

Electro-magnetic hold open devices

Electro-magnetic hold open devices shouldmeet the requirements of BS EN 1155.

Electro-magnetic hold open devices should belinked to the fire detection and alarm systemand be compatible with that fire detection andalarm system.

Specify electro-magnetic devices only onself-closing fire doors, and ensure only thosedevices which release automatically in theevent of a fire are used.

When specifying the power rating, considerthe closing force applied to the door leaf byany closer fitted to that doorset when that leafis held open by the electromagnetic holdopen device.

If the door is further than 300mm away froma wall or is not parallel with an adjacent wallwhen held open, then the leading edge of thedoor leaf should be guarded when in the openposition to prevent accidental impact.

Hinges

Hinges should meet the requirements ofBS EN 1935.

The test door mass classification specifiedshould suit the mass of the leaves on thedoorsets to which they are to be fitted.However, the actual mass of the doorset thatthe hinges of a particular class may be fitted tois reduced by the following factor if the doorsetis fitted with a closer:

• 20 per cent if the closer does not incorporatea backcheck function; or

• 75 per cent if the closer incorporates abackcheck function.

For example, a grade 13 hinge (test door massgrade 6) that is rated for use on test door ofmass 120 kg should only be fitted to doors ofmass up to 96 kg if a closer is fitted to thedoorset and 30 kg if that closer incorporates abackcheck function.

Other features of the doorset and how itwill be used that should be considered whenspecifying the class of hinge to be fitted to adoorset are factors affecting:

• operating force such as whether the doorsetis designed to be used by elderly, infirm ordisabled people;


• the closing moment provided by the closerover the final 4° of door leaf movementtowards the closed position, including whether:

- the doorset is to be latched orunlatched; and

- smoke, acoustic and/or other seals are fitted.

For example, hinges with low friction bearingsmay be appropriate where opening force is tobe minimised.

As with all hardware fitted to the doorset,it is important to ensure the type of hingesspecified, location where they are fitted, and themanner in which they are fitted to the doorsetare covered by the appropriate evidence ofconformity of the complete doorset with therelevant performance requirements definedin Table 4.

Lever handles

Lever handles are only required if the doorsetincorporates a latch function.

They should meet the requirements ofBS EN 1906.

It is important to ensure the lever handlesspecified are compatible with the locks withwhich they are to be used.

In order to satisfy BS 8300: 2001, specify leverhandles that:

• have a minimum diameter of 19mm;

• are offset from the door leaf by at least 45mm;

• are at least 95mm long;

• have a return end;

• visually contrast with the door leaf by at least20 LRV points; and

• are ‘warm to touch’ if located on externalfaces of external doorsets.

Locks

Locks should meet the requirements ofBS EN 12209.

Specify mortice locks with common lockcase dimensions and backsets. This ensuresmaximum commonality between theconstruction of the doorsets and greatestopportunity for the interchangeability of thehardware once the doorsets are installed.

Ensure the locks are compatible with thecylinders specified and that the use of thosecylinders with the lock is covered by the scopeof the lock's approval to the performanceclassification specified.

The ’door mass and closing force‘ classificationsspecified in Tables 7-14 assume the door mass isup to 100kg and a closing force of up to 25 N isapplied to the leaf. If this does not reflect the doorto which the locks are to be fitted, locks ofalternative appropriate ‘door mass and closingforce’ classifications should be specified asindicated in EN 12209.

Specify locks with:

• higher categories of security and drillresistance where appropriate for the doorsetto achieve the required security rating

• fields of application appropriate to the type ofdoorset the locks are to be fitted to

• backsets of at least 54mm and ensure thelock selected is one of a range of modularlock cases, as that allows the lock case tobe interchanged with others of differingfunctionality as and when required, forexample, when the use of the room intowhich the doorset leads changes.


Pull handles

Pull handles should meet the requirementsof BS 8424.

In order to satisfy BS 8300: 2001, specify pullhandles that:

• have a diameter between 19mm and 35mm;

• are offset from the door leaf by at least 45mm;

• are at least 400mm long; and

• visually contrast with the door leaf by at least20 LRV points.

In order to satisfy BS 8300: 2001, ensure pullhandles are located so that their lower end is1000mm above finished floor level unless it willresult in the handle interfering with otherfurniture. In which case, set the pull 1100mmabove finished floor level.

Locate pull handles in line with the backset ofthe lock case cylinder barrel and trim.

General

All hardware specified for use on doorsetsshould be covered by the appropriatesupporting evidence of that doorset’sconformity with the performance requirementsdefined in the doorset locations section.

Specify hardware that achieves class 4 corrosionresistance in accordance with BS EN 1670 if theschool is near the sea, or is in other areas likelyto result in the hardware being exposed tohigher salt corrosion.

Table 6 Key to symbols used in Tables 7 to 14

Attribute

Category of use

Symbol

Closing force

Corrosion resistance

Durability

Field of door application

Hinge grade

Hold-open force

Key identification

Attribute

Safety in use

Symbol

Security

Suitability for use on fire and smokecontrol doorsets

Test door mass/size/weight

Type of key

Type of operation

Type of spindle


Table 7 Hardware – Set 1

Closer

Cylinder

Electromagnetic hold open device

Hinges

Locks

Pull handles

Signage

4 8 35 1 1 3

1 4 0 1 0 3

4 1

3 8 35 1 1 3

4 7 6 1 0 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 A, B or H

Cylinder operated deadlock

A 0 C

3 2 – 1 1 3

One vertical pull handle should be fitted to the ‘pull face’ ofthe door

Two ‘Automatic fire door keep clear’ signs, one on each face ifthe door is designated a fire door



Cylinder

Hinges

Locks

Pull handles

Signage

1 4 0 1 0 A

4 1

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 A, B or H


A 0 C

3 2 – 1 1 3


Two ‘Fire door keep shut’ signs, one on each face if the door isdesignated a fire door



Closer

Cylinder

Hinges

Locks

Pull handles

Signage

4 8 35 1 1 3

1 4 0 1 0 A

4 1

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 A, B or H


A 0 C

3 2 – 1 1 3




Closer

Cylinder

Electromagnetic hold open device

Hinges

Locks

Pull handles

Signage

4 8 35 1 1 3

1 5 0 1 0 A

4 1

3 8 35 1 1 3

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 A, B or H


A 0 C

3 2 – 1 1 3




Use in situations where self closing doorsets are required to satisfy the requirements defined withinApproved Document B.



Cylinder

Hinges

Locks

Lever handles

Signage

1 5 0 1 0 A

4 1

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 A, B or H

Cylinder operated lock operated by lever handles and cylinder

A 3 C

Two ’Fire door keep shut‘ signs, one on each face if the door isdesignated a fire door

Use in place of ‘Hardware Set 4’ where the last person using the door can be expected to close the door orwhere Approved Document B does not require self-closing doorsets.

4 7 – 1 1 3

2 A



Hinges

Locks

Pull handles

Signage

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 M 4 1 0 C

4 K

Lock with manual deadlocking without need for key operation

G 3 0

3 2 – 1 1 3

One vertical pull handle should be fitted to the ’pull face‘ ofthe door and one horizontal pull handle should be fitted tothe other face of the door


Lever handles

4 7 – 1 1 3

1 U


Table 14 Minimum requirements for lever action flush bolts fitted to multi-leaf doorsets

Closer

Hinges

Pull handles

Signage

4 8 35 1 1 3

4 7 6 1 1 3

1 13

3 2 – 1 1 3




Hardware sets for multi-leaf doorsets

The requirements for hardware sets used onmulti-leaf doorsets are generally the same asthose used on the single leaf doorsets. The onlymajor differences between the hardware setsused on single and multi-leaf doorsets are:

(i) The number of units of each type of hardwarefitted to the complete doorset should suit thenumber of leaves.

(ii) Multi-leaf doorsets should incorporatelever action flush bolts complying withthe minimum requirements defined inTable 14.

BS EN 12051

2 1 – 1 1 3 4


References and bibliography

This document was published in

February 2008. After this date readers

should ensure they use the latest

edition of all references.

References

The following documents are referred to withinthis guidance.

Accessibility

• Building Regulations Approved Document M– Access to and use of buildings, 2004.

• BS 8300: 2001 Design of buildings and theirapproaches to meet the needs of disabledpeople. Code of practice. BSI.

• The Examination of the Effects of Differencesbetween Door Faces and Hardware interms of Light Reflectance Values (LRV’s)and gloss levels, 2005, Research Group forInclusive Environments.

Acoustics

• BS EN ISO 717-1: 1997 Acoustics. Rating ofsound insulation in buildings and of buildingelements. Airborne sound insulation. BSI.

Environment

• BREEAM Schools Manual. BRE.

• Green guide to specification, 2002. BRE.


Fire

• Building Regulations Approved DocumentB – Fire Safety, 2006.

• BS 476-22: 1987 Fire tests on buildingmaterials and structures. Methods fordetermination of the fire resistance of non-load bearing elements of construction. BSI.

• BS 476: section 31.1: 1983. Methods ofmeasuring smoke penetration throughdoorset and shutter assemblies. Method ofmeasurement under ambient temperatureconditions. BSI.

• BS EN 1634-1: 2000 Fire resistance tests fordoor and shutter assemblies.

Fire doorsets and shutters. BSI.

• BS EN 1634-3: 2004 – Fire resistance andsmoke control tests for door and shutterassemblies, openable windows and elementsof building hardware. Smoke control test fordoor and shutter assemblies. BSI.

BS EN 12845: 2004 Fixed firefighting systems.Automatic sprinkler systems. Design,installation and maintenance. BSI.

LPS 1048-1: Issue 4 Requirements for theapproval of sprinkler contractors in the UKand Eire. LPCB.

• School arson: Education under threat. TheArson Prevention Bureau.

• School fire and security guidance.Zurich Municipal.

Hygrothermal

• BS EN 1294: 2000 Door leaves. Determinationof the behaviour under humidity variations insuccessive uniform climates. BSI.

• BS EN 12219: 2000 Doors. Climatic influences.Requirements and classification. BSI.

Hardware

• BS 8424: 2004 Building hardware. Pull handles.Requirements and test methods. BSI.

• BS EN 1154: 1997 Building hardware.Controlled door closing devices.Requirements and test methods. BSI.

• BS EN 1155: 1997 Building hardware.Electrically powered hold-open devices forswing doorsets. Requirements and testmethods. BSI.

• BS EN 1303: 2005 Building hardware. Cylindersfor locks. Requirements and test methods. BSI.

• BS EN 1906: 2002 Building hardware. Leverhandles and knob furniture. Requirementsand test methods. BSI.

• BS EN 1935: 2002 Building hardware.Single-axis hinges. Requirements and testmethods. BSI.

• BS EN 12051: 2000 Building hardware. Doorand window bolts. Requirements and testmethods. BSI.


• BS EN 12209: 2003 Building hardware. Locksand latches. Mechanically operated locks,latches and locking plates. Requirements andtest methods. BSI.

• BS EN 50133-1: 1997 Alarm systems – Accesscontrol systems for use in securityapplications. Part 1: System requirements. BSI.

Robustness and durability

• BS EN 1191: 2000 Windows and doorsets.Resistanceto repeated opening and closing. Testmethod. BSI.

• BS EN 1192: 2000 Doors. Classification ofstrength requirements. BSI.

• BS EN 12400: 2002 Windows and pedestriandoorsets. Mechanical durability. Requirementsand classification. BSI.

Safety

• BS 5499-1: 2002 Graphical symbols and signs.Safety signs, including fire safety signs.Specification for geometric shapes, coloursand layout. BSI.

• BS 6206: 1981 Specification for impactperformance requirements for flat safety glassand safety plastics for use in buildings. BSI.

• BS 7036-1:1996 Code of practice for safetyat powered doorsets for pedestrian use.General. BSI.

Security

• LPS 1175: Issue 6 Requirements andtesting procedures for the LPCB approvaland listing of burglary resistant buildingcomponents, strongpoints and securityenclosures, 2007. LPCB.

Surface finishes

• BS 3962-6: 1980 Methods of test for finishesfor wooden furniture. Assessment ofresistance to mechanical damage. BSI.

Other documents referred to

• BS EN 45011:1998 General requirementsfor bodies operating product certificationsystems. BSI.

• BS EN ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 Generalrequirements for the competence of testingand calibration laboratories. BSI.



Bibliography

The following documents were referred toduring the development of this document.Although not directly referenced within thisdocument, they provide useful additionalinformation in support of the specification ofinternal doorsets and their associated hardware.

Accessibility

• DCSF Building Bulletin 77 – Designing forPupils with Special Educational Needs: SpecialSchools, 2005 draft. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 94 – Inclusive SchoolDesign, 2001. The Stationery Office.

• Royal National Institute for the Blind. Buildingsight – A handbook of building and interiordesign solutions to include the needs of visuallyimpaired people, 1995. The Stationery Office.

• Sport England Publications – Access fordisabled people. Sports England 2001.

• BS EN 12217: 2003 Doors. Operating forces.Requirements and classification. BSI.

Acoustics

• Building Regulations Approved Document E– Resistance to the passage of sound, 2003

• DCSF Building Bulletin 93 – Acoustic Design ofSchools. The Stationery Office, 2003 ISBN 0 11271105 7. This publication is available in theRegulatory Information Section of the DCSFSchool Buildings and Design Unit’s website atwww.teachernet.gov.uk/acoustics

• BS EN ISO 140-3: 1995 Acoustics.Measurement of sound insulation in buildingsand of building elements. Laboratorymeasurement of airborne sound insulationof building elements. BSI.

Fire

• DCSF Building Bulletin100, Design for firesafety in schools, published October 2007.

• DCSF Guide 6 – Fire Safety – Managing SchoolFacilities, 2000. The Stationery Office. BS 5588-4: 1998 Fire precautions in the design,construction and use of buildings. Code ofpractice for smoke control using pressuredifferentials. BSI.

BS 8214: 1990 Code of practice for fire doorassemblies with non-metallic leaves. BSI.

General requirements

• BS EN 14351-1: 2006 Windows and doors.Product standard, performance characteristics.Windows and external pedestrian doorsetswithout resistance to fire and/or smokeleakage characteristics. BSI.

• BS EN 14600: 2005 Doorsets and openablewindows with fire resisting and/or smokecontrol characteristics. Requirements andclassification. BSI.

• PAS 23-1:1999 General performancerequirements for door assemblies. Single leaf,external door assemblies to dwellings. BSI.

Hygrothermal

• DCSF Building Bulletin 87, 2nd EditionVersion 1 (May 2003). Guidelines forEnvironmental Design in Schools. Thispublication is available in the RegulatoryInformation Section of the DCSF SchoolBuildings and Design Unit’s website atwww.teachernet.gov.uk/energy


Ironmongery

• BS 3621: 2004 Thief resistant lock assemblies.Key egress. BSI.

• BS 8621: 2004 Thief resistant lock assemblies.Keyless egress. BSI.

• BS EN 179: 1998 Building hardware.Emergency exit devices operated by a leverhandle or push pad. Requirements and testmethods. BSI.BS EN 1125: 1997 Building hardware. Panic exitdevices operated by a horizontal bar.Requirements and test methods. BSI.

• BS EN 1158: 1997 Building hardware. Doorcoordinator devices. Requirements and testmethods. BSI.

• prEN 13633. Building hardware. Electricallycontrolled panic exit systems. Requirementsand test methods (undated – CEN work item03/102517 DC). BSI.

• prEN 13637. Building hardware. Electricallycontrolled emergency exit systems for use onescape routes. Requirements and testmethods (undated – CEN work item03/102518 DC). BSI.

Materials and workmanship

• Building Regulations Approved Document tosupport Regulation 7 – Materials andworkmanship, 1992.

• BS EN 951: 1999 Door leaves. Method formeasurement of height, width, thickness andsquareness. BSI.

• BS EN 952: 1999 Door leaves. General andlocal flatness. Measurement method. BSI.

• BS EN 1529: 2000 Door leaves. Height, width,thickness and squareness. Tolerance classes. BSI.

• BS EN 1530: 2000 Door leaves. General andlocal flatness. Tolerance classes. BSI.

Robustness and durability

• BS 5234:1992 Partitions (including matchinglinings). BSI.

• BS EN 947: 1999 Hinged or pivoted doors.Determination of the resistance to verticalload. BSI.

• BS EN 948: 1999 Hinged or pivoted doors.Determination of the resistance to statictorsion. BSI.

• BS EN 949: 1999 Windows and curtain walling,doors, blinds and shutters. Determination ofthe resistance to soft and heavy body impactfor doors. BSI.

• BS EN 950: 1999 Door leaves. Determination ofthe resistance to hard body impact. BSI.

• BS EN 13049: 2003 Windows. Soft and heavybody impact. Test method, safetyrequirements and classification. BSI.


Safety

• Building Regulations Approved DocumentK – Protection from falling, collision andimpact, 1998.

• Building Regulations Approved Document N –Glazing – Safety in relation to impact, openingand cleaning, 1998.

• BS 7671: 2001 Requirements for electricalinstallations; IEE Wiring Regulations. Sixteenthedition. IEE.

• BS 5499-4: 2000 Safety signs, including firesafety signs. Code of practice for escape routesigning. BSI.

• BS 5499-5:2002 Graphical symbols and signs.Safety signs including fire safety signs. Signswith specific safety meanings. BSI.

• BS 5499-10: 2006 Safety signs, including firesafety signs. Code of practice for the use ofsafety signs, including fire safety signs. BSI.

• BS 7036-2:1996 Code of practice. Safety atpowered doors for pedestrian use. Part 2Straight and curved sliding doors andprismatic and folding doors. BSI.

• BS 7036-3: 1996 Code of practice for safety atpowered doors for pedestrian use. Swingdoors and balanced doors. BSI.

• BS 7036-4:1996 Code of practice. Safety atpowered doors for pedestrian use. Part 4 Lowenergy swing doors. BSI.

• BS 7036-5:1996 Code of practice. Safety atpowered doors for pedestrian use. Part 5Revolving doors. BSI.

Security

• BS 8220-2: 1995 Guide for security of buildingsagainst crime. Offices and shops.

• CEN/TC 33 N 1957 UK position paper for :CEN/TC 33 regarding prEN 1627 – 1630Burglar resistance, 4 April 2007. BSI.

• DD ENV 1627: 1999 Windows, doors, shutters.Burglar resistance. Requirements andclassification. BSI.

• DD ENV 1628: 1999 Windows, doors, shutters.Burglar resistance. Test method for thedetermination of resistance under staticloading. BSI.

• DD ENV 1629: 1999 Windows, doors, shutters.Burglar resistance. Test method fordetermination of resistance under dynamicloading. BSI.

• DD ENV 1630: 1999 Windows, doors, shutters.Burglar resistance. Test method for thedetermination of resistance to manualburglary attempts. BSI.

• DCSF Guide 4 – Improving Security in Schools,1996. The Stationery Office.

• Secured By Design schools, 2004. Secured ByDesign (Initiatives) Limited.

• PAS 24-1: 1999 Enhanced securityperformance requirements for doorassemblies. Single and double leaf, hingedexternal door assemblies to dwellings. BSI.

Surface finishes

• BS 4800: 1989 Schedule of paint colours forbuilding purposes. BSI.

• BS 5252:1976 Framework for colourco-ordination for building purposes. BSI.


Thermal

• Building Regulations Approved Document L2– Conservation of fuel and power in buildingsother than dwellings, 2002.

• BS EN ISO 10077-1: 2000 Thermal performanceof windows, doors and shutters. Calculation ofthermal transmittance. Simplified method. BSI.

• BS EN ISO 10077-2: 2003 Thermal performanceof windows, doors and shutters. Calculation ofthermal transmittance. Numerical method forframes. BSI.

Other documents referred to:

• DCSF Building Bulletin 80 – ScienceAccommodation in Secondary Schools:A Design Guide, 2004. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 81 – Design andTechnology Accommodation in Schools:A Design Guide, 2004. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 86 – MusicAccommodation in Secondary Schools, 1997.The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 88 – Fume Cupboardsin Schools, 1998. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 89 – ArtAccommodation in Secondary Schools, 1998.The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 92 – Modern ForeignLanguages Accommodation: A Design Guide,2000. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 95 – Schools for theFuture, 2002. The Stationery Office.

• DCSF Building Bulletin 98 – BriefingFramework for Secondary School Projects,2004. The Stationery Office.

• The design and protection of new schoolbuildings and sites, 2005. Zurich Municipal.


Supplementary acknowledgments

Alex Reiche, Aedas

Graham Shirville, Allgood (GAI)

Paul Heatherington, Alumasc

Pauline Richardson, Assa Abloy UK

Robin Hall (BRE)

Sam Greenwood, BRE Global

Anna Surgenor, BRE Global (BREEAM)

Paul Duggan, Bodycote Warrington APT (GAI)

John Hedgecock, BWF

Graham Hulland, Dorma UK (GAI)

Bob Page, Cambridgeshire County Council

Tony Fitzpatrick, Doors and Hardware

Timothy Robinson, EC Harris

Norman England, Highfield Consultancy

Mark Tailby, IR Martin Roberts

Ian Purkis, Jeld-Wen

Jacky Sinclair, JRS Consultancy (GAI)

Ray Anning, LS Group

Kevin Ross, LS Group

David Paxton, Premdor

Nicholas Gibb, Willmott Dixon

Ian Stewart, Yannedis (GAI)

You can download this publication or order copiesonline at: www.teachernet.gov.uk/publications

Search using the ref: 01001-2007

Copies of this publication can also be obtained from:DCSF PublicationsPO Box 5050Sherwood ParkAnnesleyNottingham NG15 ODJ

Tel 0845 60 222 60Fax 0845 60 333 60Textphone 0845 60 555 60Please quote ref: 01001-2007BKT-EN

ISBN: 978-1-84775-088-4

© Crown Copyright 2008Published by the Department forChildren, Schools and Families

Extracts from this document may be reproducedfor non-commercial research, education or trainingpurposes on the condition that the source isacknowledged. For any other use please [email protected]

Internal doorsets in schools - Archive...Internal doorsets in schools 3...

Documents

Transcript of Internal doorsets in schools - Archive...Internal doorsets in schools 3...