INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURITY THREATS TO PAKISTANThe term security is often observed in the narrow-minded context, rarely do we go into the conceptual framework. Security is generalized in military suggestion but with the rapid developments in the existing world, different dimensions of it have come to the forefront. Security is an overriding priority for all nations. It is also fundamental for both disarmament and development. Security consists of not only military, but also political, economic, social, humanitarian and human rights and ecological aspects.

INTERNAL THREATS: Internal threats are threats which a country has to face within its territory. These threats are more common rather than any other threats and have outrageous and destructive effects. Destruction of a countrys economy is the minor effect of these threats. These threats not only destabilize a country but also present a bad image of that country in front of the world. Most of the problems hurried interstate tensions and threats are created from within, by its geopolitics, its location

INTERNAL THREATS TO PAKISTAN: Pakistan has fallen a prey of internal threats badly since coming into existence. The challenges of threats faced are, old as well as new. Along with its religious identity Pakistan is also a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-cultural state. These characteristics have created problems for her. As a consequence, it has experienced all varieties of internal conflicts, i.e. tribal insurgencies, ethnic and sectarian struggles, civil war, border conflicts, and conventional war. Few of the threats which confuse the internal security are from the history of disputable boundaries, cross-border diffusion of ethno-linguistic and religious groups, conflicting economic interests, problems in nation building and economic development. These internal threats lead to external interference in internal affairs. Pakistan due to its location in the region has been involved in major coalitions with big powers which create problems for Pakistan for their personal motives.

SECTARIAN/RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS: Pakistans internal security problem has been spoiled by the religious/sectarian problem. The sectarian threat poses a great danger, and could possibly be devastating for the country. Pakistan has been regarded by some observers as a weak and vulnerable state threatened by the force of ethnicity and sectarianism.

ETHNIC UNREST: Another danger is the problem of ethnic unrest. Punjab, with almost 60 percent of the population, dominates almost all aspects of national life. Smaller ethnic groups, all of who have at one time been actively dissident, resent this fact. Sindh, one of the most industrious provinces of Pakistan faces a divide between urban prosperity and rural deprivation as no other province in Pakistan. Sindh is the most ethnically diverse of four provinces, due to both international transfers of peoples into the province during and subsequent to partition in 1947 and to domestic internal migration.

REFUGEES: The problem of refugees in Pakistan is a complex issue for Pakistan. It has further enhanced the already existing problems. It poses a serious threat to the security at various levels. The main invasion of refugees came from Afghanistan during the Soviet Unions invasion of Afghanistan. All the people who ran away for their lives entered Pakistan through the border at the North West Frontier Province (NWFP). About 3.5 million Afghan refugees entered into Pakistan over the last two decades. The presence of these Afghan refugees poses threat to the security of Pakistan at different levels. At the social level, the presence of Afghan refugees led to disturbance in the law and order situation, increasing violence and criminal activity, and aggravated ethnic tension in the NWFP as well as the Balochistan. The Afghan refugees do not form a group, as they belong to various tribes, with different tribal and judicial system, which results in tensions and conflict within groups and leads to bloodshed.

Arms. The refugees they brought illegal arms, without any license, which resulted in an abundance of small arms in Pakistan. The guns and small arms that the refugees brought with them, they sold it into the open market at very low prices. Drugs Another cause for concern was the involvement of the refugees in drug trafficking. They had free access to drugs like heroin that they smuggled through the borders into Pakistan. This made all these drugs easily accessible to the local society, which, resulted in increase of drug addiction. Economy of Pakistan is deeply affected by the refugees as well. In the early 80s the amount spent on these refugees per day crossed well over one million dollars per day. Though foreign donors funded half of this amount, some of the burden fell on the Pakistani economy. The government had to provide food, shelter for these refugees.

TERRORISM: Terrorism, use of organized pressure, has been a major threat to Pakistans internal security. Pakistan has faced the threat of terrorism due to intolerance, suppression, and excessive violence, and economic and political discrimination, religious and ethnic division. Terrorism basically exists in two forms in Pakistan. The religious extremist groups, which have been outlawed and have been involved in sectarian killings or violence fall in this category, whose prime target is not foreign commercial targets but challenge the writ of government and the second one is supported by external sponsorship. Pakistan has been hostage to terrorist activities carried out by ethnic and religious groups. The religious groups used religion as a tool and expressed that due to control of not being free to actively practice religion, a reaction has occurred. The continued criticism of the pro-western policies. In reaction and to discourage the governments to go all out for those policies they create trouble by working into terrorist activities

POVERTY / POPULATION: Poverty and population interlinked, pose another threat to Pakistans internal security. There could be problems, which facilitate the growth of the other. The present rate at which Pakistan is developing in terms of its population growth rate it is estimated that in the year 2025, the population of Pakistan will be 263 million. This growth will lead to other problems for the country. With the proposed growth rate, the problems of meeting the basic needs of the citizens will be difficult. The average person living well below the poverty line will be further drawn into the turbulence of economic deprivation and embedded further deep into poverty. It will be difficult for the state to provide the basic services, which will require expansions.

EXTERNAL THREATS TO PAKISTAN External threats are those threats which a country has to be faced by other countries. As discussed in internal security threats that Pakistan has to face so many internal security threats. So, to control these internal threats Pakistan may be needed a lot of money and to obtain the money she may have to beg for the foreign aid in front the foreign country. The beggar country may be compiled by the foreign country who use to aid. So, as the foreign country wants, it would do.THREATS OF UNITED STATES TO PAKISTAN: In terms of Pakistan's external security, the US using Jundullah through Balochistan to destabilize Iran undermines the socio-historical, cultural and political Pakistan-Iran relationship and creates its own destabilizing dynamics within Pakistani society. Perhaps the silliness of the US ignorance is reflected most clearly now in the statements coming from Obama's Special Envoy for this region, Richard Holbrooke. He showed it after his visit to Pakistan when he talked about people not being able to walk independently in Peshawar.

INDIAN FOREIGN EXTERNAL AFFAIRS MINISTERS STATEMENT:13th February, 2009 I rise to inform the House of developments since this House last considered the result of the dishonorable terrorist attack on Mumbai. On December 12, 2008 this House resolved, in a serious Resolution that: "India shall not cease in her efforts until the terrorists and those who have trained, funded and supported them are exposed and brought to justice".

RECOMMENDATIONS for remedies: According to all of the above scenario, there are many things which have to be change. But I like to suggest a few things in order to help remove these threats from the country. These recommendations are as follows: 1. EDUCATION: The first effort should be on the educational front. Pakistan has made significant improvement in its literacy rate in the last ten years. There is a popular national consensus about the importance of education. It is important to develop the curricula and syllabi of the first twelve years of education and to rewrite books on Islamic studies, social studies, history, Urdu, and English for all school levels to strengthen the elements which deal with, the rights of others, tolerance, justice and love

GOVERNANCE: The quality of governance needs to be improved. The weak political institutions need to be developed, in a manner that the evolutionary process of democracy takes a smooth walk. Bold and decisive leadership that can make the hard choices between consumption and investment, education, defense spending, economic and human development needs to be there. Leadership that shows integrity in its personal and public dealings, and that make policies, which are free of all misconducts and corruption. Civil and military relations needs to be addressed, a harmony between them needs to be created to create a pleasant political environment. Social, diplomatic, military and economic policies should be formulated between the two which guard the national interest of the state and which in the long-term perspective does not pose a threat.

SECTARIANISM: An ongoing dialogue between the leaders of the two groups at a national as well as at the city level is important. Many times, culprits of the violence between the two groups have been unknown gunmen who have killed at either Sunni or Shia Masjids with no one claiming any responsibility. Most leaders from both sides are not involved in the violence. Most Masjids do not preach violence against any group. Then who starts these fights?

ETHNICITY / MINORTIES: Civil leadership should facilitate dialogue between the ethnic groups in Sindh to create a balance and harmony. Contact should be established between the ethnic groups so that they can talk out their grievances and redress the situation. A common cause for the betterment of the society should be established between the two. The minorities should be treated appropriately. Positive relationship should be worked out between the Muslims and the non-Muslims. A pleasant environment should be created where the minorities do not feel neglected and contribute in building Pakistan as a better state

TERRORRISM: Internally Pakistan should deal with sectarianism as that is posing a lot of terrorist threats to the security. With emphasis on controlling internal threats of terrorism, external the threats should also not be ignored as they act as feeders to the internal threats. The Iranian connection to supporting the danger of terrorism could not be ruled out. They are funding the sectarian groups who are following their agenda.

IMMIGRATION/BORDER: Whether its the border with India, Afghanistan, Iran, or the seashores, with the exception of the northeast, Pakistans borders are by and large only monitored on road crossings. This leads to the general problem of a growing illegal population and penetration. Smuggling also flourishes in Pakistan due to the border situation. There are well-known bazaars throughout the country, which sell smuggled goods. Last year in Zhob, which borders Afghanistan, I found pickup trucks, which were ten percent of the cost of these vehicles in Karachi. You can find cheaper and better cows closer to the borders of India in Sindh, where people smuggle grain and oils to India in exchange for cows, which Hindus dont want to slaughter themselves