Internal and External Motivation of Cooperation

Mizuho SHINADA (doctoral student)

Effects of sanctioning system in social dilemma

Positive effects:A sanctioning system enhances coope

ration (e.g., Yamagishi, 1986)

Negative effects:A sanctioning system as an addictive

drug: The more of it we have, the more we depend on it (Taylor, 1987).

Negative effects of a sanctioning system

A sanctioning system makes people believe that they cooperate for external incentives.

↓ The sanctioning system reduce intrinsic

motivation to cooperate and trust for other people.

↓ People need severer sanctions to

cooperate.

Negative effects of a sanctioning system (cont’d)

An external sanctioning system is a coercer.

Coercion by itself may let people attribute their cooperation to external factors.

↓Reduction of intrinsic motivation to cooperate

Question:

Is it same for an internal sanctioning system ?

Coercion vs. Commitment

When members voluntarily introduce a sanctioning system, they may regard others (and themselves) as cooperation seeker rather than punishment avoiders.

↓An internal sanctioning system is a

commitment rather than a coercion.↓

Reduction of intrinsic motivation to cooperate

Purpose of this study

Examining negative effects of

an external / internal sanctioning system.

H0: Two sanctioning systems equally reduce intrinsic motivation to cooperate.

H1: An external sanctioning system more greatly reduce intrinsic motivation than an internal sanctioning system.

Experimental Design

Removing Sanctioning Paradigm (Mulder & van Dijk)

Three-person group play social dilemma game.

Social Dilemma trials with a sanctioning system

Social Dilemma trials without a sanctioning system

Phase 1: manipulation

Phase 2: measurement of intrinsic cooperation

Experimental Design (cont’d)

External Sanction

Condition

SD trials with a

sanctioning system

SD trials without a

sanctioning system

Internal Sanction

Condition

SD trials without a

sanctioning system

SD trials with a

chance to vote

Control

Condition

SD trials without a

sanctioning system

A sanctioning system is to be introduced by a majority vote.(In fact, the system is introduced always)

Summary: Prediction

1. In Phase 1, cooperation rates in external / internal sanctioning condition are higher than in control condition.

2. In Phase 2, cooperation rates in external sanctioning condition is lowest.

External incentives

Attribution to external factors

Preliminary Results

Cooperation rates (two sessions in each condition)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5

Trials

Co

op

era

tion

ra

te

Control External Internal

Phase 1 Phase 2

Preliminary Results

Cooperation rates (three sessions in each condition)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5

Trials

Co

op

era

tion

ra

te

Control External Internal

Phase 1 Phase 2

1. In Phase 1, cooperation rates in internal sanctioning condition are highest.

Unexpected results

Preliminary Results

Cooperation rates (three sessions in each condition)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5

Trials

Co

op

era

tion

ra

te

Control External Internal

Phase 1 Phase 2

2. In Phase 2, cooperation rates in external sanctioning condition is lowest.

However, cooperation rates in internal sanctioning condition is much lower than in control condition.Unexpected results

Preliminary Results

Cooperation rates (three sessions in each condition)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5

Trials

Co

op

era

tion

ra

te

Control External Internal

Phase 1 Phase 2

It may be too early to draw a conclusion (we run only two session), but we have to consider why our prediction is not supported by now.

Thank You !