PRICE FLOORS AND CEILINGS SSEMI3 b: Explain and illustrate the effects of price floors and ceilings.
Interior Finishes: Part Two Finish Ceilings and Floors.
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Transcript of Interior Finishes: Part Two Finish Ceilings and Floors.
Interior Finishes: Part Two
Finish Ceilings and Floors
Finish Ceilings
Broadly characterized as one of the following:Exposed Structure
“Tightly Attached” Ceilings
Suspended Ceilings
Finish Ceilings
Exposed Structure:May be used where an inherently attractive
structural system has been designed and detailed with the expressed intent to remain exposed.
May also be used for economy: industrial uses, or when a provision for ceiling run mechanical or electrical is unnecessary, (typically in conjunction with a plenum supply and return system)
Finish Ceilings
Tightly attached ceilings:Essentially any material attached to, rather than
suspended from, the structure above.Provisions must be made for services: HVAC,
plumbing and fire suppressionChanges in plane: where structural elements
protrude through the ceiling plane, for example, need to be carefully detailed, (bulkheads).
Finish Ceilings
Suspended CeilingsA ceiling that is suspended below the structural
framework of the floor above, providing a level “datum” for a ceiling and providing a space through which a multitude of services may be run.
By far the most common in commercial applications
Membrane fire protection: provides a 1-hour minimum fire and Class B flame spread rating.
Specifying Gypsum Board
The same specifications for wall applied board apply to ceiling applied board:Level 0: attached boards only, no tapeLevel 1: joints covered in tape set in joint compoundLevel 2: a finish coat of compound over the tape and
accessories, (garages, warehouses)Level 3: a second coat of compound, (prior to textured
coating)Level 4: a third coat, (flat paints, light wallcoverings)Level 5: skim coat
Suspended Ceilings
Suspended “Plaster” CeilingsA rigid surface, typically gypsum board,
mounted to an independent structural subsystem, (page 844).
Typically a flat application, although more sculpted shapes may also be produced, from a modest tray configuration to a highly articulated surface, typical of spaces where acoustical control is of concern.
Suspended Ceilings
Acoustical CeilingsTypically constructed of fibrous materials in
the form of lightweight tiles or panels in a standardized size fit into a suspended grid.
Referred to as “acoustical” because in contrast to rigid ceiling products, they are absorptive of sound.
Acoustical Ceilings
The sound absorptive qualities of a ceiling finish material is measured by the Noise Reduction Coefficient, (NRC):An NRC of 85 indicates that 85 percent of the
sound that reaches the product is absorbed, while only 15 percent is reflected back into the space.
However, this also indicates a direct correlation to the amount of sound that is passed through the product to the space beyond.
Acoustical Ceilings and Plenums
Plenum: an open, unobstructed space between the ceiling and the structural deck above, typically the structure of the floor above, although in some precast concrete structures the plenum may be part of the structure itself.
When the plenum is continuous between multiple rooms, sound transmittal may be an issue.
Acoustical Ceilings and Plenums
Ceiling Attenuation Class, CAC:The ability of a ceiling construction to reduce
room to room sound transfer through the plenum
Composite ceiling panels, panels constructed from a highly absorbent material facing the acoustical space with a denser material mounted to the back or plenum have simultaneously high CAC and NRC values.
Acoustical Ceilings
“Lay-In” CeilingsSuspended on a ceiling grid: 2 feet by 2 feet or
2 feet by 4 feet.Grid may be any one of a series of profiles:
“T” is most commonPanels in a variety of finishes and price points
Linear Metal CeilingsProvide an acoustical and structural surface
Interstitial Ceilings
Interstitial: space between
Interstitial ceilings are inhabitable service spaces between occupied floorsHospitals and laboratory buildings: multiple
conduits and services that require consistent service and maintenance
Retail: security and surveillance
Finish Floors
Primary wearing surfaceAppearanceSkid resistanceWear resistanceResilience“Underfloor” services
Underfloor Services
Provide a structure to allow for the distribution of services: especially wiring for electrical and technologyCellular steel decking: used with steel framingCellular raceways: used with a topping slab in
concrete constructionRaised access flooring: provides an easily
accessed space with essentially unlimited space for wiring, piping and ductwork. (Computer labs and server-type spaces)
Noise Transmission
STC: sound transmission coefficientMeasure of airborne noiseTransmitted as a membrane vibration
ITC: impact transmission classMeasure of impact noiseImpact noise is transmitted as a vibration
through structure.
Noise Transmission through Floors
Strategies:Soft surfaces, such as carpeting, reduce the
amount of impact noise transferredPlacing a soft or resilient surface, such as a
cork or fibrous underlayment beneath a hard surface will reduce the amount of noise transmitted.
Ceiling mounts isolated from the structure: resilient clips or spring-mounted hanger wires.
Skid Resistance
Static Coefficient of Friction: SCOFMeasure of the “slipperiness” of a flooringCommercial applications typically require an
SCOF of 0.5 or aboveParticular care must be taken where surfaces
may be exposed to water
Flooring
Hard surfacesConcreteStonePaversTileTerrazzoWood FlooringResilient Flooring
Soft SurfacesCarpet
Floating Floors
Surface is not directly attached to the subfloor but instead “floats” above on a cushion of resilient foam.Hardwood veneers, typically applied to an
engineered wood substrateCork, also typically applied to an engineered
wood substratePlastic laminatesEpoxy Terrazzo
Resilient Floors
Resilient flooring is any one of a variety of floor surfaces that resist wear and gouging or puncturing. They may be natural, cork or made from natural products, linoleum or man-made, vinyl composite.
Although durable, resilient floorings tend to be flexible and tend to “telescope” or transmit any irregularities in the subfloor to the surface.
Resilient Floor Types
Linoleum: lino, flax – linseed oilGround cork in a linseed oil binder over a
burlap backing, (hemp). Produced as tiles or sheet flooring.
RubberTiles or sheet flooring.Pirelli flooring: raised dot grid
Vinyl Composition Tile, VCTPolyvinyl chloride with mineral reinforcing
fibers