MARCH 2014

Integated Floating Village

as Solution for

Jakartas Fishermen Social and Economic Problems

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

Mochammad Imron

Aldea Permatasari Firdhaus

Amalia Handini Astari

Aulia Fatwa Farizqa

Submitted for:

Indonesia-Netherlands Water Challenge 2013-2014

Arranged by:

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Team

Assisted by:

Deltares

DELTARES Daniel Tollenaar Janjaap Brinkman

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background Page 1

Floating House for Fishermen Page 2

Largest Fishing Market in Southeast Asia Page 3

Fishing Museum Page 4

Seafood Restaurant Page 5

Tourishing Ship Page 6

Reef Ball Page 6

Sparkling Thing Page 8

Global View Concept of Floating Village Page 11

Conclusion Page 12

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Reclamation Area and Number of Fishermen Need to be Relocated Page 2

Figure 2 Floating House Concept for Fishermen Village Page 2

Figure 3 Jakartas Fishing Market Concept, same as Tsukiji Market in Japan Page 3

Figure 4 Layout of Tsukiji Market in Japan, will be used in Jakarta Page 4

Figure 5 Example of Fish Painting at Fish Museum Page 4

Figure 6 Example of Traditional Fishing Tools at Fish Museum Page 5

Figure 7 Example of Map at Fish Museum Page 5

Figure 8 Fresh Fishes for Seafood Restaurant Page 5

Figure 9 Phinisi Concept for Tourishing Concept Page 6

Figure 10 Reef Ball Page 6

Figure 11 The Expectation After Reef Ball Built Page 7

Figure 12 Size of Reef Balls for Floating Village Page 7

Figure 13 Strontium Oxidate Aluminate in the Dark Page 8

Figure 14 Design Cube Allspark Shape Page 9

Figure 15 Lights Spectrum Page 10

Figure 16 Integrated Floating Village Location Page 11

Figure 17 Integrated Floating Village Layout Page 12

BACKGROUND

According to BPS data, Indonesias central statistic agency, more than 22% Indonesia fishermen

economic level are lower than poverty line. Nowadays, Indonesia poor people number has reached

34.96 million people, and 63.47% of it are those who leave near the shore. Beside poverty, they

have to cope with water pollution, worsening their economic condition by lowering fish quality.

This condition is getting worse by government plan to solve Jakarta Bays problem, lower land

than Mean Sea Level that caused by land subsidence that caused by overburden pressure added

with living load in Jakarta and also excessive ground water usage. In trying to solve that problem,

it had been decided to construct Jakarta Giant Garuda. At Jakarta-side of Giant Garuda, a reservoir

will be created to store rainwater before it is pumped to Java Sea. Although sluices are planned for

providing access to fishing ground, it is safe to say that access wont as easy as before. Instead of

solution, Giant Garuda might be a threat for the fishermen community livelihood.

How does Giant Garuda construction worsen Jakarta Bays fishermen problem? In constructing

Giant Garuda, Jakarta will also be developed as new front city. The coastal area, the current

territory of fishermens villages, will surely be consumed for development. And if their territory

wont be consumed, it will be more difficult to reach fishing ground. Both problems can be solved

by relocating the fishermen from Northern Jakarta Coastal area and create a new floating area

behind Giant Garuda or altering their livelihood from fishermen to bank employee or any other

occupation.

In order to support Indonesia as maritime country, fishermen village relocation is considered to be

the best solution. How could possibly maritime country consist of abundant bank employee

instead of fishermen? We might have questioned it. For preserving fishermen livelihood, and

keeping in mind that by Giant Garuda construction, fishermen will be living behind the sea wall.

The ocean where they earn their living will be on the other side of Giant Garuda. Relocation will

be the best idea to solve fishermen distance problem in reaching their living earning area.

In this paper, discussion will be focused on proposed solution in order to solve Jakarta Bay

Fishermen social and economic problem

Page 1

FLOATING HOUSE FOR FISHERMEN

The majority of the bay's coastal communities consist of people living below the poverty line.

Most of them work as fishermen. The existing of Giant Garudas project has an impact on the

living area of North Jakartas fishermen. We need to relocate them since they have living right in

North Jakarta.

As mentioned on data in the picture on

the side, numbers of fishermen need to

be relocated are around 7.000 people.

With assumption that one family

consist of 1 fisherman, we need to

provide 7.000 houses. We create small

houses with length 10 meters and width

6 meters. Clearance area between

adjacent houses of 1 meter. means a

plot will be in fact 11x7 (half a meter

around every house).

Then the total area will be 11x7x2000 = 539.000 m2. For road access, at least we need the same

area as house area. So, the floating village for residence area needs 1.078.000 m2.

The simple design concept for this floating

houses mentions below. A floating structure

which is made of long term materials, houses

could be built on. The people in the villages

will live in houses with floating platforms.

Their outhouses are made out of simple

wooden plank just above the open water.

Figure 1 Reclamation Area and Number of Fishermen Need to be Relocated

Figure 2 Floating House Concept for Fishermen Village

Page 2

LARGEST FISHING MARKET IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Before the 1950s, salt fish was the major catch sold in Jakarta Bay. Today, Jakarta Bay is still the

major fish supplier for Jakartas area. It continues to play an important role in the fishing industry.

The catch of fish in Jakarta Bay accounts for over one-third of the total catch of fish in Indonesia.

This fisherman port will be provided with marketing services for fishermen and fish retailers at the

floating village.

One another challenge faced by Indonesia is AEC 2015. The different ASEAN countries in the

region have very clear strategic intent. ASEAN Economic Community 2015 envisions a single

market and production base, a highly competitive region, a region of equitable economic

development and a region fully integrated into the global economy. It is a huge opportunity and

also a high competency between ASEAN Counties. Indonesia as the largest maritime country in

South East Asia needs to develop its maritime sector to survive and get more benefit since

Indonesia is the most potential maritime country compared to other countries in ASEAN.

The major initiatives that contributed to the increased domestic sales are the conduct of and

participation in local and international trade fairs, and market facilitation. Fish is one the most

potential commodity of Indonesia. Indonesia is surrounded by oceans, but doesnt have large

fishing port and market.

Jakartas bay is the potential area for

developing largest fishing market in

ASEAN. The existing largest fishing

market in the world, Tsukiji Fish Market in

Japan, handles more than 400 different

types of seafood. Overall, more than

700,000 metric tons of seafood are handled

every year at the three seafood markets in

Tokyo, with a total value in excess of 600

billion yen (approximately 5.9 billion US

dollars on November 24, 2013).

Figure 3 Jakartas Fishing Market Concept, same as Tsukiji Market

in Japan

Page 3

The number of registered employees as of 25

January 2010 varies from 60,000 to 65,000,

including wholesalers, accountants,

auctioneers, company officials, and

distributors.

If Jakarta can make such a large market like

Tsukiji in Japan, it will be such a huge scale

innovation; projected to handling around

700.000 metric tons of seafood every year. It

can provide livelihood to 60.000 employees

from Jakartas area, a great opportunity for

Jakarta, Indonesia, ASEAN, and the world.

FISH MUSEUM

The floating village will have the greatest and the most

unique Fish Museum. As we design, it will contain a lot

of paintings, picture or diorama of fishes that only exist

in Indonesia, displaying a lot of traditional fishing

tools, fish location maps, and the maps of maritime

tourism.

The paintings will tell stories about the how Indonesia

used to be maritime country, how our history said were

a sailor once, etcetera. It also has to be tell us about the

special fish in Indonesia.

Figure 4 Layout of Tsukiji Market in Japan, will be used in

Jakarta

Figure 5 Example of Fish Painting at Fish Museum

Page 4

Until now, Indonesia is still well-known as a

maritime country; we have a lot of beach and

of course a lot of fishermen. So, we propose

the museum to display a lot about our

traditional fishing tools.

What is also strong about the museum is the

idea to put a lot of maps; fish location and also

tourism location. This would be interesting

because our purpose is to give knowledge to

people who visit the museum, Indonesian and

also foreigner.

We could gather the data for this side of

museum from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs

and Fisheries. The example of the map shown

on figure 7.

SEAFOOD RESTAURANT

The idea to make a unique seafood restaurant was

based on the needs of fulfilling humans necessity.

To complete the integrated tourism place, we

propose to make restaurant that contain a special

service. It will combine with the tour ship which

will take the tourist to a fishing area to catch their

own food.

Figure 6 Example of Traditional Fishing Tools at Fish Museum

Figure 8 Fresh Fishes for Seafood Restaurant

Figure 7 Example of Map at Fish Museum

Page 5

Meanwhile, they will also be taken for a tour with the ship. But, If theyre too hungry or in a

hurry, they will only need to pick the fish that theyre going to eat from the restaurant. The foods

that this restaurant offer will only fish that originally come from Indonesia. It will has fish from

the western eastern area of Indonesia.

TOURISHING SHIP

This touring ship will help the tourist to round the

fishermen kampong and the area around it. This ship

become very special because it designed as a Phinisi Ship

which is originally come from the Eastern area of

Indonesia, South Sulawesi.

It might be not as big as the real Phinisi, but still it is a

phinisi. Because we adapt the basic design of the ship

which is: twin masts and seven sails.

So, by giving this experience, we will take the tourist to

the sea for fun and also giving them insight about

Indonesian history.

REEF BALL

For becoming tourism place, we would like try to

explore space between shore land and giant seawall

by planting coral. The purpose of planting this coral

is not only for making this space beautiful, but also

we tried to save our planet but producing oxygen

when the coral photosynthesis.

Figure 10 Reef Ball

Figure 9 Phinisi Concept for Tourishing

Concept

Page 6

Unfortunately this cant be happen, because the water in this space is fresh water and the coral is

only can live in salt water. The idea of saving this planet by producing oxygen cant stop there, we

try to find another way to save this planet by giving this idea, and finally we came out with reef

ball and plant underwater herb. In this section we would like to explain about reef ball first.

Reef Ball is a structure of natural or man-made

structures that designed to restore ailing coral reefs

and to create new fishing and scuba diving sites.

Reef Balls are the only artificial reef that can be

floated and towed behind any size boat. Reef Balls

are made of a special, marine friendly, concrete and

are designed to mimic natural reef systems. They are

used around the world to create habitats for fish and

other marine and freshwater species. Reef Balls are

made in many sizes to best match the natural reef

type which is being mimicked.

Biologically, Reef Balls have been shaped to optimize protective void spaces for fish and include

features such as with rough surface textures to enhance coral settlement. Holes designed to create

whirlpools help bring nutrients to animals and plants living on the Reef Ball surface. Designed

reefs don't always cost more than "free" materials.

The biggest expense in building reefs can be getting your reefs into the sea. By clever design, in

this case reef balls will be floated behind any sized boat using the internal float ion bladders used

in the molding process. And skip over-land transportation costs by building your reef next to

where you need them.

To make it look like a real coral, we will plant

some kind of underwater herb, and to make it

more beautiful, we also will combine this reef

ball with GEMACIR-all spark around this reef

ball. In our design, we will make a in a

different size, they are shown in Figure 11.

Figure 12 Size of Reef Balls for Floating Village

Figure 11 The Expectation After Reef Ball Built

Page 7

SPARKLING THING

We are not only tried to help a fisherman, but our idea is try to explore the space between shore

land and giant sea wall by making this space be tourist area. To make this place beautiful, our idea

is how to make that place sparkle. The innovation is by making this place sparkle we dont need

any power, but using Gemacir. Gemacir is stand for a glow automatically for coral intensive

growth, thats mean even a tool capable of to yield a radiation when dark without help electrical

energy. It is interesting because the devices able to help the process of photosynthesis coral reefs.

As we know that the coral can only photosynthesis during daylight course, but by using this

innovation the coral reefs can photosynthesis in the night.

This device is building model kind of an artificial reef makes structures reefs from concrete. This

device made of iron cuboid with ribs each carpel 50 centimeters x 50 centimeters x 50 cm

combined with auto glow shaped stick and circle. Components auto glow made up compound

strontium oxide aluminate ( SrAl2O4 ). Strontium aluminate is a solid odorless, nonflammable,

pale yellow powder, heavier than water. It is chemically and biologically inert. When activated

with a suitable dopant (e.g. europium, then it is labeled SrAl2O4:Eu), it acts as a photo

luminescent phosphor with long persistence of phosphorescence.

Strontium aluminate is a vastly superior phosphor to its predecessor, copper-activated zinc sulfide;

it is about 10 times brighter and 10 times longer glowing than ZnS:Cu. It is frequently used in

glow in the dark toys, where it displaces the cheaper but less efficient ZnS:Cu.

However, the material has high hardness, causing abrasion to

the machinery handling it; coating the particles with a suitable

lubricant is usually used when strontium aluminate is added to

plastics. Strontium aluminate phosphors produce green and

aqua hues, where green gives the highest brightness and aqua

the longest glow time. The excitation wavelengths for

strontium aluminate range from 200 to 450 nm. The

wavelength for its green formulation is 520 nm, its blue-green

version emits at 505 nm, and the blue one emits at 490 nm.

Figure 13 Strontium Oxidate Aluminate in

the Dark

Page 8

Colors with longer wavelengths can be

obtained from the strontium aluminate

as well, though for the price of some

loss of brightness. The wavelengths

produced depend on the internal crystal

structure of the material. Slight

modifications in the manufacturing

process (the type of reducing

atmosphere, small variations of

stoichiometry of the reagents, addition

of carbon or rare-earth halides) can

significantly influence the emission

wavelengths.

The glow intensity depends on the particle size; generally, the bigger the particles, the better the

glow. So cube can be lighted befits allspark or cubical energy, is expected to help the process of

photosynthesis in organisms. Cube allspark planted on a location where there are coral reefs and in

the area which dead water being and regular as in space between shore land and giant sea wall .

So, this device gives attraction against model restoration organisms. Design cube allspark shown

in figure 14.

Allspark is instrument optimize function photosynthesis on coral reefs, they can to produce energy

more. Photosynthesis main factor is the light to help an edit inorganic compound being organic.

Hence, the placement this device shall meet certain criteria among others

1. Location life reefs will grow at depth 5 - 10 meters

2. The current is stable or region sheltered so growing condition coral reefs will stable.

3. Location safe of zone fishing; shipping and dump waste

Auto glow blue a lighted at night give effect on ecosystem sea especially night. Blue light this will

attract fish to happen interaction coral reefs with coral fishes. This will improve ecological aspect

of ecosystem coral reefs because the scales interaction biota in an ecosystem more intensively.

Figure 14 Design Cube Allspark Shape

Page 9

Factor blue light be key in aspect ecological for by Hays (2009), light can helping sight fish in

locating the kinds of plankton and microorganisms existing surface and according to Reggie

(2008) when light passes water, intensity will decline but some the color spectrum can pass

through water easily. Light waves short (blue) more energetic than light waves longer (red) and

therefore lighter energetic will pass through water more easy and fast. A wave that has less

energetic will slower passing over water and finally discharged absorbed by water.

In photosynthesis coral reefs there term indicating the wave spectrum of light best on the reef:

called by PUR (photosynthetic useable medicine radiation). The term is reference to the wave

spectrum of light best to the process of photosynthesis is at wavelengths 400-550 nm to

chlorophyll -a on zooxanthellae and 620-700 nm on chlorophyll- b and long the surge was on

color blue (Orphek, 2012 ). It means at wavelengths the zooxanthellae work optimal to generate

will be used by coral reefs in metabolism is. The wave spectrum of light used optimally on

zooxanthellae when photosynthesis can be seen in this picture.

Compared to model restoration coral reefs type, transplant with growth 6 cm / 24 months then this

method is faster even up double for process income intensive nutrients through process of

photosynthesis in 24 hours. Not just got here, other excellence model restoration this is as follows:

1. Development model of an artificial reef or coral reefs artificial

2. Name allspark is cube energy capable of to produce life, it means cube this provides energy

aid to photosynthesis against coral reefs

Figure 15 Lights Spectrum

Page 10

3. Without solar cell in produces emissions of azure-colored

4. Give luminescence or radiation blue in automatic as night so zooxanthellae on coral reefs

capable of producing energy optimally

5. Research to coral reef ecosystems

6. As tourist attraction especially night dive because at night and interaction impressed

luminescing marine fish will intensively light

7. Land new income for local people especially environmental services that sells natural beauty

taken sea.

OVERVIEW LAYOUT OF INTEGRATED FLOATING VILLAGE

Integrated Floating Village projected to be located inside Giant Garuda, shown as figure above.

Page 11

Figure 16 Integrated Floating Village Location

CONCLUSION

With the solution were offering, we are obviously would give a significant contribution in profit

and people. We manage to move fishermen and give them extra income by making their

neighborhood a tourism area. What were not really aware is that we also give a contribution to

the planet.

The contribution to the planet might not be felt directly, but what we do is giving the sense of

awareness about the environment. We put this awareness by showing them how living in water

will be an exciting experience if the area is clean, so that (hopefully) they will moved to keep the

ocean clean.

Also, we do contributing the oxygen by planting some marine habitat. Last but not least, our

contribution to the living is by making aquaculture in fisheries and plants.

Page 12

Figure 17 Integrated Floating Village Layout

Mochammad Imron

Aldea Permatasari Firdhaus

Amalia Handini Astari

Aulia Fatwa Farizqa

March 2014

Institut Teknologi Bandung

(ITB)

Team