INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE

PROJECT IN KAGERA, TANZANIA

This project document has been developed by a group of participants to whom the credit and technical responsibility go. Dr. Abdel Rahman El Gamal supervised the group projects

activity which was a part of the 3-month training course: “Fish Culture Development – Africa”. This course is annually organized by EICA, JICA and EFTCA. The names and pictures

of the team members who developed this project are shown in subsequent slides. 2014

FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PRESENTATION, 2014

INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE AQUACULTURE PROJECT IN

KAGERA, TANZANIA

CAROLYN MADALO CHINGUO

PATRICK APPENTENG

MAMOUN MAKAWI OBEIDA

FADHILI RUZIKA

1. INTRODUCTION

The farming of aquatic organisms

AQUACULTURE

CRUSTACEANS

CLARIAS SPP.

AQUATIC PLANTS

TILAPIA

INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE (IAA)

The incorporation of animal and crop production within the same farm.

IAA CONT’D

IAA

WHY IAA

Integration of aquaculture within the farming systems has been proven as a way of increasing production Conserves the environment since it uses small amounts of land to

produce a variety of products. Integrated agriculture aquaculture is also very important because it

generates synergy within a system- flow of energy within a system.

manure from livestock can be used to fertilize fish ponds By-products of crops can be used as supplementary feed for fish Pond sediments can be used as crop fertilizers Waste pond water from aquaculture can be used to irrigate crops

Helps conserve biodiversity because of judicious use of both land & water

resources

2. PROJECT AREA AND DESCRIPTION

Project area is Tanzania Project specific area is Kagera Region which is one of the Tanzania’s 30

administrative Regions. It is located in the north western corner of Tanzania and at the

western part of Lake Victoria. This Region borders Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi Countries.

The Region has 6 administrative Districts which are Biharamulo,

Bukoba urban, Bukoba rural, Ngara, Karagwe and Muleba. It takes its name from River Kagera which crosses Rwanda and then

enters Lake Victoria to emerge as the Nile.

2. PROJECT AREA AND DESCRIPTION CONT’D

Map of Tanzania showing Kagera Region and its boundaries.

3. JUSTIFICATION:

I. FRESH WATER AVAILABILITY The area is characterized by sufficient rainfall (900mm to 2000mm) p.a which makes the area abundant with rivers which have water throughout the year. II. HIGH DEMAND OF FISH There is high demand of fish in the region, at both the regional and international levels (Rwanda and Burundi)

III. HUMAN RESOURCE The area is mainly comprised of unemployed youths who need skills in any production entity as such IAA is ideal. IV. EASY ACCESS TO FINGERLINGS In Kagera Region there is one private company in Muleba District which deals with fingerlings production, it's currently producing mixed sex tilapia and catfish fingerlings

3. JUSTIFICATION CONT’D

V. AVAILABILITY OF POULTRY The area has abundance of chicken that are kept in households, for the sake of project implementation Poultry is available all over and

can be easily purchased. Manure for initial fertilization of

the ponds will therefore not be a problem; even in future.

VI. GOOD ROAD NETWORKS There are good accessible roads leading to almost every district and village in the region. The roads connecting neighboring regions and countries are also accessible.

VII. GOOD CLIMATIC CONDITION The area has good climate for fish farming and vegetable growing Average temperature: 20˚C-

30˚C Rainfall amount: 900mm -

2000mm p.a

4. OBJECTIVES

MAIN OBJECTIVE

To utilize a small piece of land with the aim of maximizing production at a low cost.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To create an income source among the unemployed youths. To promote a better use of land through nutrient recycling and as a way

of conserving the environment. To promote food security among the rural communities and the

surrounding areas. To increase consumption of fish per capita. Establish demonstration model for adoption on how IAA works based

on local conditions and locally available resources. To help curb migration from the rural areas to urban centers.

5. PROJECT FINANCE

The source of project finance will be from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

The total amount of the fund is USD 50000.

10% of the total amount will be contributed by the community

Project will run for 5yrs

6. CULTURE TYPE

Semi - intensive fish farming Polyculture of mixed-sex

Oreochromis niloticus

Clarias gariepinus.

The vegetables to be grown are tomatoes

& cabbages.

Local poultry will also be reared

7. POND CONSTRUCTION

A total land area of for project is 1 acre. Fish would be cultured in three types of pond. Brood-stock pond Nursery pond Grow-out pond

i. BROOD STOCK POND

Brood-stock for the production would be obtained from Lake Victoria.

A total of two brood stock ponds of sizes 100m³ (.ie.10m×10m×1m) each will be used.

6 hapa’s of sizes 3m³ (.ie.3m×1m×1m) each will be put into each pond The brood stock will be stocked in a ratio of 3f:1m in each hapa, (.ie.12f:4m

in each pond at an average weight of 200g (total of 32 brood stocks). Prior to stocking, the brood stock will be conditioned separately in tanks for

15days during which they would be fed with high protein feeds of 30% protein

Later, the brood stock would be stocked together for the next 21days after

fingerlings will be collected every two weeks.

ii. NURSERY POND

2 nursery ponds will be constructed of sizes 100m3 as A & B. The ponds will be fitted with 2 hapas of sizes 3m×8m×1m (24m3) and

named as hapa 1, 2, 3 & 4. All collected fry’s from the brood stock ponds will be transferred into

hapa 1. Fry will be graded into three size classes later after hatching The smallest fry will be stocked into hapa 2, medium fry in hapa 3

and the large fry in hapa 4. Feeding will commence 3 days after stocking the fry’s in their

respective hapas. During this period, fry’s would be fed with a powdered feed of CP 40% in hapa 1.

iii. PRODUCTION POND

16 grow-out earthen ponds of sizes 20m×10m×1m (200m3) will be constructed.

Stocking density: 5fish/m3 (1,000 fingerlings/pond; 16,000 fingerlings/

16ponds) Prior to stocking, the ponds would be prepared accordingly after which they

will be fertilized with poultry manure at 15kg/ 200m3. This would be done 2 weeks before stocking and every 2 weeks after stocking 30g Catfish will be sourced from reliable hatcheries and will be stocked 2

months after tilapia has been stocked, (approximately tilapia size: 80g) Commercial feeds of about 30 CP% would be fed per body weight during their

growth period.

8. POND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

I. TEMPERATURE Temperature will be measured using a multi- prober water quality parameter checker.

II. DISSOLVED OXYGEN DO will be checked using same instrument

III. PH This will be measured using a pH meter to make sure that the pH is within the recommended range (7-9). V. TURBIDITY This will be measured using a secchi disk.

I. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

These will be analyzed in-situ on the farm using the following apparatus

6 permanent staff will be employed on the farm (1 skilled & 5 unskilled) aside other ancillary workers who may come around during harvesting.

The only external labor that will be sought after will be from the

project implementers who will occasionally visit the project site to provide technical support.

9. POULTRY PRODUCTION

Number of local birds: 100 Age: 8-12 month old Husbandry: Kept in two separate chicken houses (20m2) each. This number will ensure pond fertilization of the 16 ponds The chicken will be fed on maize bran at a rate of 80g/bird/day and other left over’s coming from the

household. Other auxiliary benefits could be

eggs, meat and some chicks

10. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

Cabbage is a good source of protein, CHO, Ca, Fe, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, as well as vit ‘C’

Tomatoes are also valuable sources of food

minerals and vitamins, particularly vit. ‘A’ and ‘C’

Intercropping with vege’s such as tomato

disrupt the life cycles of the pests of cabbage and hence increase plant growth.

Studies have proven that people who eat

large amounts of tomatoes or tomato products may be at a lower risk of some kinds of cancer, especially cancer of the prostate gland, lung and stomach

I. AGRONOMY

I. NURSERY AND BED PREPARATION Prior to planting, the nursery and main beds will be prepared by manuring with poultry

droppings/ compost

II.PLANTING After bed is well prepared, both tomatoes and cabbage seeds will be sown. After 6wks, healthy seedlings will then be transferred to the main bed. III. SPACING Cabbage seedlings will be transplanted at the of spacing of 60cm×60cm, whilst the tomato seedlings will be transplanted at a spacing of 30cm×60cm. IV. WEED CONTROL Weeds will be manually controlled with a hoe at two weekly intervals to ease economics. V. HARVESTING Harvesting will be done 2 to 3 months after transplanting. Harvesting for tomatoes will happen after they exhibit fully matured characteristics of whole fruit being pink to light-red or fully red color. Harvesting for cabbages will happen after they reach the required size.

11. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Water Source

Growing Pond Growing Pond

Growing Pond Growing Pond

Brood stock Brood stock Nursing Pond Nursing Pond

Growing Pond Growing Pond

Poultry House

Poultry House

Office

W.C

Garden

Sedimentation Pond

Sedimentation Pond

Outlet

N

E

S

W

Inlet

Hapas

12. ACTIVITY CHART

I. FISH FARM

Activities Month

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ponds & Dikes Construction × ×

Fertilization of ponds × × × × × × × × ×

Filling of ponds ×

Procurement of hapa nets

and fish farming equipment ×

Construction and fixing of

hapa’s ×

Procurement of Fish feeds ×

Procurement of Broodstock ×

Flushing of Broodstock prior

to mating ×

Mating of Broodstock ×

Fry Collection ×

Fish Stocking

Introduction of

Supplementary Feeds × × × × × × × ×

Fish Sampling

Fish Harvest Key: Brood Stock of Tilapia Fry Fingerlings Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

ACTIVITY CHART CONT’D II. POULTRY

Activities Month

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Construction of Poultry

House

×

Procurement of Feeding

Equipment

×

Procurement of Drugs &

vaccines

×

Procurement of Feed

(Maize Bran)

×

Procuring of Poultry ×

Poultry Raising × × × × × × × × × × × ×

Collection of Eggs × × × × × × × × ×

Selling of Birds ×

ACTIVITY CHART CONT’D III. VEGETABLES

Activities Month

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Clearing of Land ×

Preparation of nursery beds ×

Sowing of Tomatoes and

cabbage seeds in nursery

×

Manuring of main Bed ×

Transplanting of seedlings ×

Watering of seeds × × × ×

Weeding of farm × × × ×

Staking of tomatoes plant × × ×

Harvesting × ×

13. MARKETING APPROACH

Some fish will be sold at farm gate

Market center

Sales point Fish Price will be determined by grades: Grade 1: (300-350g .ie. 3/kg) US$ 6.00 Grade 2: (200-250g .ie. 4-5/kg) US$ 5.00 Grade 3: (Below 200g .ie. 5-8/kg) US$ 4.00

14. FINANCIAL APPRAISAL I. POULTRY

ITEM TOTAL NUMBER UNIT COST

(US DOLLARS)

TOTAL COST

(US DOLLARS)

Chicken (8 months) 100 5 500

Coccidiostat 1 2.00 2.00

Newcastle vaccine 1 4.00 4.00

Gumboro vaccine 1 4.00 4.00

Dewormer 1 2.00 2.00

Antibiotics 1 2.00 2.00

Wooden feed troughs 5 10 50

Maize bran 1000 kg 0.1 100

Straw for roofing 5

TOTAL

669

FIXED ASSETs: Land crate structure WATER and FEED troughs could be used for 2 to 3years; the rest are

variables Assuming one matured chicken is sold for 10 American Dollars with

100% survival rate: Number of birds: 100 Cost of one bird: 10 Dollars 100 birds ×10 $ =1000 Dollars (Gross income) Total cost of production=669 Dollars Gross income less total production cost =Net profit Net profit: 1000 - 669 = 331 Dollars

FINANCIAL APPRAISAL CONT’D

I. POULTRY CONT’D

FINANCIAL APPRAISAL CONT II. VEGETABLES

ITEM TOTAL NUMBER UNIT COST (US

DOLLARS)

TOTAL COST(US

DOLLARS)

Land preparation 1 30.00 30.00

Hand hoes 5 1.00 5.00

Farm boots 10 13.00 130.00

Cutlasses 5 5.00 15.00

Watering cans 2 7.00 14.00

TOTAL 194

FINANCIAL APPRAISAL II. VEGETABLES

FIXED ASSETS: Land VARIABLE ASSETS: Farm Equipment (Hoe, farm boots, cutlasses .etc.) Assuming: 1 Kilogram of Tomato = 1.85 USD 1 Kg of Cabbage = 1USD Estimated weight of cabbage produced on 250m2 land = 1ton Cost of one kg of Cabbage= 1.00Dollar Gross income of cabbage =1000 kg×1.00 =1000.00 USD Cost of 1 kg of tomato: 1.85USD Total Production of tomato on 250m2 land= 2000kgs Gross income of tomato =2000 x 1.85= 3700 USD Total Gross Income =1000(Cabbage) + 3700 (Tomato) = 4700USD Net Income =4700-194= 4506USD

FINANCIAL APPRAISAL III. FISH

Cost and Revenue of the Project - FIXED COST

Item Unit Price/ Unit (US$) Total (US$)

Land (privately owned) 1 500 500

Ponds Construction 22 110 2,420

Poultry houses 2 125 250

Office 1 300 300

Store room 1 200 200

Bath room 1 100 100

Pipes and connection for ponds 50 12.5 600

Vehicle (pick-up) 1 25,000 25,000

Generator (18 Hp) 1 2630 2,630

Water Checker (Multi set parameter i.e Oxygen meter, pH, Conductivity, Temperature)

1 400 400

TOTAL 32,400

VARIABLE COST III. FISH CONT’D

No Item Unit Price/Unit

(US$)

Total (US$) Total 8 months

(U$S) 1 Fish

Brood stock (Tilapia)

Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus)

40

1863

0.67

0.133

26.8

248

2 Artificial feed

Fish feed

8404 kg

0.97

8151.54

3 Nets ( Different Mesh sizes)

i. Hapa (1 mm)

ii. Fry scoop

iii. Harvesting net:

4 cm

6 cm

10

5

2

2

10

2

10

10

100

10

20

20

4 Fuels & oils 8,000 1.87 14,960 5 Salaries

Labor (skilled)

Labor (non-skilled)

1

5

80

54

80

275

640

2200

6 Repair and maintenance 2,000 7 Annual Depreciation

Buildings

Generator

Vehicle

1

1

1

TOTAL 27937

DEPRECIATION - FIXED COST

ITEM TOTAL

(US$) LIFE SPAN YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

Land (privately owned) 500 - -

Ponds Construction 2,420 10 242 266.2 292.82 322.102 354.31

Poultry houses 250 10 25 27.5 30.25 33.275 36.60

Office 300 10 30 33 36.3 39.93 43.92

Store room 200 10 20 22 24.2 26.62 29.28

Bath room 100 10 10 11 12.1 13.31 14.64

Pipes and connection for ponds 625 5 125 137.5 151.25 166.38 183.01

Vehicle (pick up) 25,000 10 2,500 2750 3025 3327.5 3660.25

Generator (18 Hp) 2,630 5 526 578.6 636.46 700.11 770.12

Cutlasses 15 5 16.5 18.15 19.97 21.96 24.16

Watering cans 14 5 15.4 16.94 18.63 20.50 22.55

Wooden feed troughs 50 5 55 60.5 66.55 73.21 80.53

Straw for roofing 5 5 5.5 6.05 6.655 7.32 8.052

Water Checker (Multi set

parameter i.e Oxygen meter,

pH, Conductivity, Temperature)

400 3 133 146.67 161.33 177.47 195.21

TOTAL 32509 93 3703.73 4074.11 4481.52 4929.67 5422.64

OPERATIONAL COST

Item YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

FISH

Fish

Brood stock (Tilapia) 26.80 29.48 32.43 35.67 39.24

Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) 248.00 272.80 300.08 330.09 363.10

Artificial feed 8,151.54 8,966.69 9,863.36 10,849.70 11,934.67

Fish feed 8,154.54 8,969.99 9,866.99 10,853.69 11,939.06

Sampling nets ( Different Mesh

sizes) 100.00

110.00 121.00 133.10 146.41

i. Hapa (1 mm) 100.00 110.00 121.00 133.10 146.41

ii. Fry scoop 10.00 11.00 12.10 13.31 14.64

iii. Harvesting net: 20.00 22.00 24.20 26.62 29.28

4 cm 20.00 22.00 24.20 26.62 29.28

6 cm 14,960.00 16,456.00 18,101.60 19,911.76 21,902.94

Fuels & oils 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Salaries 640.00 704.00 774.40 851.84 937.02

Labor (skilled) 2,200.00 2,420.00 2,662.00 2,928.20 3,221.02

Labor (non-skilled) 2,000.00 2,200.00 2,420.00 2,662.00 2,928.20

Repair and maintenance 0.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

Annual depreciation 3,611.00 3,972.47 4,369.71 4,806.68 5,287.35

TOTAL (FISH) 8,451.00 9,296.10 10,225.71 11,248.28 12,373.11

OPERATIONAL COST CONT’D

Item YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

VEGETABLES

Hand hoes 5.00 5.50 6.05 6.66 7.32

Farm boots 130.00 143.00 157.30 173.03 190.33

Cutlasses 15.00 16.50 18.15 19.97 21.96

Watering cans 14.00 15.40 16.94 18.63 20.50

TOTAL (VEGETABLES) 194.00 213.40 234.74 258.21 284.04

Chicken (8 months) 500.00 550.00 605.00 665.50 732.05

Coccidiostat 2.00 2.20 2.42 2.66 2.93

Newcastle vaccine 4.00 4.40 4.84 5.32 5.86

Gumboro vaccine 4.00 4.40 4.84 5.32 5.86

Dewormer 2.00 2.20 2.42 2.66 2.93

Antibiotics 2.00 2.20 2.42 2.66 2.93

Wooden feed troughs 50.00 55.00 60.50 66.55 73.21

Maize bran 100.00 110.00 121.00 133.10 146.41

Straw for roofing 5.00 5.50 6.05 6.66 7.32

TOTAL (CHICKEN) 669.00 735.90 809.49 890.44 979.48

GRAND TOTAL

9,314.00 10,245.40 11,269.94 12,396.93 13,636.63

CHICKEN

15. EXPECTED PROJECT OUTLOOK

Day

Initial weight

per fish (g)

Number of

fish

Biomas

(kg)

Total feed

to be used

Survival

rate

1 3 19,200.00 57.6 - 94%

180 363 18,076.42 6,561.74 -

Total 7586

Oreochromis niloticus

Assuming Oreochromis niloticus will be sold at 4 USD per kg:

6,561.74kg = US$ 26, 286.96

EXPECTED PROJECT OUTLOOK CONT’D

Grand total (Fish) Total fish production= 7052.74 kg = 7.052 tons Total fish price= 27, 268.96 USD

Day

Initial weight

per fish (g)

Number of

fish Biomas (kg)

Total feed to

be used Survival rate

61 30 1817 55 32.706 100%

Total 817.65

Clarias gariepinus

Assuming Clarias gariepinus will be sold at 2 USD per kg: 491 kg= 982 USD

16. PAY-BACK PERIOD

Initial Investment Cost = US$ 40,960.00

Total revenue for fish production = US$ 27, 268.96 Total revenue for Chicken production = US$ 1,000.00 Total revenue for vegetable production = US$ 4700 Total revenue for the whole farm = US$ 32,968.96

Pay Back Period = Initial investment average annual profit Therefore: Payback period = US$ 40,960.00 = 1.2 years US$ 32,968.96 The project is very feasible

PAY-BACK PERIOD GRAPH

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 year 4 Year 5

Revenue Generated

revenue generated

17. OUTLOOK OF THE PROJECT

I.SUSTAINABILITY Awareness of the project Monitoring of the project will

be conducted every growing season

Evaluation of the project will be

conducted every two years to see its sustainability.

Capacity of the beneficiary

community folks would be built.

II. POSSIBLE CHALLENGES

Theft occurrences: 2 full time guards will be employed to ensure the safety of all crops and equipment.

Changes in costs of some equipment over time

There are no competitors in the area since there are no fish farms at

present.

18. CONCLUSION

With the ever increasing world population, land and water resources is becoming limited; This obviously will affect food insecurity IAA is therefore seen as an ideal culturing system to mitigate this challenge As this will help address the food insecurity as well as limited resource problems There will be job creation and income improvement, thus improving the livelihoods of people developing countries like Africa and the world at large.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

COMMENTS & QUESTIONS