Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IACHR What is the IACHR?
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Transcript of Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IACHR What is the IACHR?
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Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
IACHR
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What is the IACHR?
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The IACHR is the principal organ of the OAS mandated to protect and
promote human rights in the Americas
Article 106
There shall be an Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, whose principal function shall be to promote the observance and protection of human rights and to serve as a consultative organ of the Organization in these matters.
An inter-American convention on human rights shall determine the structure, competence, and procedure of this Commission, as well as those of other organs responsible for these matters.
Pursues its mandate in conjunction with that of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, established by the American Convention
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The IACHRThe IACHR is composed of 7 membersThe members are elected by the member States and serve in an individual capacity for 4 years
Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Venezuela President
Víctor E. Abramovich Argentina First Vice Chair
Felipe González Chile Second Vice Chair
Sir Clare K. Roberts Antigua & Barbuda Commissioner
Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Brazil Commissioner
Florentín Meléndez El Salvador Commissioner
Paolo G. Carozza United States Commissioner
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The members serve as country and thematic rapporteurs
Represents all the member States of the OAS
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Kitts and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela.
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INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MAN
AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AREA OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS "PROTOCOL OF SAN SALVADOR"
PROTOCOL TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY
INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION TO PREVENT AND PUNISH TORTURE
INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON FORCED DISAPPEARANCE OF PERSONS
INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION, PUNISHMENT AND ERADICATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN "CONVENTION OF BELÉM DO PARÁ"
INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
INTER-AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC CHARTER
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FUNCTIONS OF THE IACHR raises public consciousness regarding human
rights in the Americas
organizes and carries out conferences and seminars
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recommends the adoption of measures to contribute to human rights protection to the Member States of the OAS
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observes the general human rights situation in the member States
carries out on-site visits to countries to engage in-depth analysis of the human rights situation
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ON SITE VISITS
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prepares and publishes reports on the situation of human rights in specific Member States
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COUNTRY REPORTSHaiti 2007Bolivia 2007Haiti 2005Colombia 2004Guatemala 2003Venezuela 2003Guatemala 2001 Paraguay 2001 Peru 2000 Canada 2000 Dominican Republic 1999 Colombia 1999 Mexico 1998 Brazil 1997 Bolivia 1996 Ecuador 1997 Haiti 1995 El Salvador 1994 Haiti 1994 Communities of Peoples in Resistance in Guatemala 1994 Colombia 1993 Guatemala 1993 Haiti 1993
Peru 1993 CAYARA Haiti 1990 Panama 1989 Haiti 1988 Paraguay 1987 Chile 1985 Guatemala 1985Suriname 1985 Guatemala 1983 Cuba 1983 (Seventh) Nicaraguan population of Miskito origin 1983 Suriname 1983 Colombia 1981 Guatemala 1981 Bolivia 1981 Nicaragua 1981 Argentina 1980
Cuba 1979 (Sixth) Haiti 1979 El Salvador 1978 Nicaragua 1978 Panama 1978 Paraguay 1978 Uruguay 1978 Chile 1977 Chile 1976 Cuba 1976 (Fifth) Chile 1974 El Salvador and Honduras 1970Cuba 1970Haiti 1969Cuba 1967Dominican Republic 1966 Dominican Republic 1965 Cuba 1963Cuba 1962
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receives, analyzes and investigates individual petitions which allege human rights violations
prepares and publishes reports on individual cases, including recommendations to member States
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PETITIONS RECEIVED PER YEAR
435
571520
658
885
979
1050
1319 1330 1325
1456
1323
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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PETITIONS RECEIVED BY COUNTRY IN 2008
TOTAL 1323
236 230
168
151
76 7664 58
50 45 44
19 16 15 13 13 10 9 9 6 5 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
50
100
150
200
250
Perú
Colo
mbia
Mé
xico
Arg
entin
a
Chile
Est
ados
Unid
os
Bra
sil
Cost
a R
ica
Ecu
ador
Guate
mala
Venezu
ela
Boliv
ia
Panam
á
Hondura
s
Para
gu
ay
Rep. D
om
inic
ana
Uru
guay
Canadá
El S
alv
ador
Surinam
e
Nic
ara
gua
Cuba
Jam
aic
a
Haití
Antig
ua y
Barb
uda
Barb
ad
os
Baham
as
Belic
e
Dom
inic
a
Gre
nada
Guya
na
San K
itts
y N
evi
s
San V
icente
y la
s G
ran
adin
as
Santa
Luci
a
Trin
idad y
Tob
ago
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PETITIONS TRANSMITTED TO STATES
147
116
161
110
96
83
115
160
150 147
126118
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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PETITIONS TRANSMITTED BY COUNTRY DURING 2008
TOTAL 118
21
15
1110 10
9 98
6
2 2 2 2 2 21
01 1
01
01 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
5
10
15
20
25
Per
ú
Ecu
ador
Arg
entin
a
Col
ombi
a
Méx
ico
Bra
sil
Ven
ezue
la
Nic
arag
ua
Cos
ta R
ica
Bol
ivia
Est
ados
Uni
dos
Gua
tem
ala
Hon
dura
s
Pan
amá
Par
agua
y
Ant
igua
y B
arbu
da
Bar
bado
s
Cub
a
El S
alva
dor
Guy
ana
Hai
tí
Jam
aica
Rep
. Dom
inic
ana
Sur
inam
e
Uru
guay
Bah
amas
Bel
ice
Can
adá
Chi
le
Dom
inic
a
Gre
nada
San
Kitt
s y
Nev
is
San
Vin
cent
e y
las
Gra
nadi
nas
San
ta L
ucia
Trin
idad
y T
obag
o
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CASES AND PETITIONS BEING PROCESSED BY YEAR
976 945 945 930 936 973 982 1021
11371237 1251
1376
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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TOTAL NUMBER OF ADMISSIBILITY/INADMISSIBILITY REPORTS PUBLISHED
22
34
26
35 36
18
37
45
5356
5149
5
10
5
21 22
6
10 9
1614 14
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Admisible
Inadmisible
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REPORTS PUBLISHED ON MERITS
23
25
30
23
4
11
6
4
78
4
7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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requests States to adopt specific “precautionary measures” to avoid serious and irreparable harm to individuals in urgent cases
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A. Threats against life and physical integrity
B. Threats against communities particularly indigenous, by affecting their environment
C. Threats against health
D. Execution of judicial or administrative orders
E. Incommunicado detention or uncertainty on legal status
CATEGORIES OF PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
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PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES GRANTED BY YEAR
54 52 52 50
91
56
3733
3740
28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES GRANTED BY COUNTRY IN 2008
TOTAL 28
6
5
3 3 3
2
1 1 1 1 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Col
ombi
a
Méx
ico
Est
ados
Uni
dos
Gua
tem
ala
Hon
dura
s
Hai
tí
Par
agua
y
Rep
úblic
aD
omin
ican
a
Cub
a
Guy
ana
Nic
arag
ua
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submits cases to the Inter-American Court and appears before the Court in the litigation of all matters before it
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CASES PRESENTED BEFORE THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT
2
3
7
3
5
7
15
12
10
14 14
9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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CASES SUBMITTED TO THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS PER COUNTRY
Perú, 2
Venezuela, 2
Barbados, 1
Colombia, 1
Guatemala, 1
Honduras, 1
México, 1
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Request the adoption of provisional measures by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
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requests advisory opinions from the Inter-American Court regarding questions of interpretation of the American Convention and other human rights treaties
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I/A Court H.R., “Other treaties” subject to the advisory jurisdiction of the Court (Art. 64 American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-1/82 of September 24, 1982. Requested by Peru.
I/A Court H.R., The Effect of Reservations on the Entry into Force of the American
Convention on Human Rights (Arts. 74 and 75), Advisory Opinion OC-2/82 of September 24, 1982. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Restrictions to the Death Penalty (Arts. 4(2) and 4(4) American
Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-3/83 of September 8, 1983. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Proposed Amendments of the Naturalization Provisions of the
Constitution of Costa Rica, Advisory Opinion OC-4/84 of January 19, 1984. Requested by Costa Rica.
I/A Court H.R., Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (Arts. 13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights ), Advisory Opinion OC-5/85 of November 13, 1985. Requested by Costa Rica.
I/A Court H.R., The Word “Laws” in Article 30 of the American Convention on Human
Rights, Advisory Opinion OC-6/86 of May 9, 1986. Requested by Uruguay.
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I/A Court H.R., Enforceability of the Right to Reply or Correction (Arts. 14(1), 1(1) and 2 American Convention on Human Rights ), Advisory Opinion OC-7/86 of August 29, 1986. Requested by Costa Rica.
I/A Court H.R., Habeas corpus in Emergency Situations (Arts. 27(2), 25(1) and 7(6) American Convention on Human Rights ), Advisory Opinion OC-8/87 of January 30, 1987. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Judicial Guarantees in States of Emergency (Arts. 27(2), 25 and
(8) American Convention on Human Right ), Advisory Opinion OC-9/87 of October 6, 1987. Requested by Uruguay.
I/A Court H.R., Interpretation of the American Declaration of the Rights and
Duties of Man within the Framework of Article 64 of the American Convention on Human Rights. Advisory Opinion OC-10/89 of July 14, 1989. Requested by Colombia.
I/A Court H.R., Exceptions to the Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies (Arts. 46(1), 46(2)(a) and 46(2)(b) American Convention on Human Rights ), Advisory Opinion OC-11/90 of August 10, 1990. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Compatibility of Draft Legislation with Article 8(2)(h) of the American Convention on Human Rights, Advisory Opinion OC-12/91 of December 6, 1991. Requested by Costa Rica.
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I/A Court H.R., Certain Attributes of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (Arts. 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 50 and 51 of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-13/93 of July 16, 1993. Requested by Uruguay.
I/A Court H.R., International Responsibility for the Promulgation and Enforcement of Laws in Violation of the Convention (Arts. 1 and 2 of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-14/94 of December 9, 1994. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (Art. 51
American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-15/97 of November 14 1997. Requested by Chile.
I/A Court H.R., The right to information on consular assistance. In the framework of the Guarantees of the due process of law, Advisory Opinion OC-16/99 of October 1, 1999. Requested by Mexico.
I/A Court H.R., Legal Status and Human Rights of the Child. Advisory Opinion OC-17/02 of August 28, 2002. Requested by the IACHR.
I/A Court H.R., Legal Status and Rights of undocumented migrant workers. Advisory Opinion OC-18/03 of September 17, 2003. Requested by Mexico.
I/A Court H.R., Control of Legality in the Practice of Authorities of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights. Advisory Opinion OC-19/05
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The IACHR meets three or more times a year Holds hearings
90
110
94 92
102
116
103 10398
120
105
93
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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The IACHR has established special rapporteurships to better address the following issues:
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
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THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
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THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN
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THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN
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THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT AND AGAINST RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
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THE SITUATION OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES
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PERSONS DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY IN THE AMERICAS
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THE RIGHTS OF DISPLACED PERSONS
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UNIT OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS
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For more comprehensive information on the mandate and activities of the IACHR, please visit our website www.cidh.org, or contact our headquarters at 202-458-6002