Intensity attenuation with distance for large subduction ... et … · The Pedernales earthquake...
Transcript of Intensity attenuation with distance for large subduction ... et … · The Pedernales earthquake...
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Intensity attenuation with distance for large subduction earthquakes: a
perspective based on earthquake ground effects from the 16 April
2016, Mw 7.8 Pedernales Earthquake (Ecuador).
Franz Livio, K. Chunga, M.F. Ferrario, A.M. Michetti, M. Mulas, F. Ochoa-Cornejo, D. Besenzon.
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The
Apr.
16, 2
016
Pede
rnal
es e
arth
quak
e (M
w7.
8)
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Earthquake-induced
EnvironmentalEffects (EEEs)Primary – coastaluplift;
Secondary - ground cracks, mass movements, lateral spreading,liquefactionphenomena, hydrologicalanomalies, tsunamis, and earthquake lights
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Are EEEs and damages scaling similarly
with distance?
Papanikolaou et al 2009 (Geol. Soc. of London Sp. Publ. 316)
Pyrgos 1993 Ms 5.5 Kythira 2006 (Mw 6.7)
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Murindo (Colombia),17 and 18 Oct. 1992 (Ms 6.6; Ms 7.3)Mosquera-Machado et al. 2009
- How traditional intensity scales and EEEs relate each other?- Same conclusions for continental vs subduction large earthquakes?- How to exactly integrate the two datasets?
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Workflow1 - Data collection and treatment• EEEs• Traditional intensity data (EMS-98)
2 - Macroseismic field• ESI-07• EMS-98
3 - Collection of a reference dataset and attenuationanalysis• Instrumental earthquakes with good source parameters and
macroseismic fields
4 - Comparison of the reference dataset with EMS-98 and ESI-07
5 - An integrated macroseismic field and validationwith the reference earthquakes
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Data collectionand analysis
1 - Data collection
2 - Macroseismic field
3 - referencedataset 4 – Comparison
5 - An integratedmacroseismic
field
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Foto esempio da supplementary
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Earthquake Intensity macroseismic field
1 - Data collection
2 -Macroseismic
field3 - reference
dataset 4 – Comparison5 - An integrated
macroseismic field
298 point observations(sites) – original data integrated with GEER-ATC, 2016
Grouping into ca. 50 IDPs(localities)
Hand-drawing of isoseismals
ESI-07
IGEPN original data; USGS and Colombian Geological Survey(«Did you feel it» questionnaire)
Grouping into 98 IDPs
Hand drawing of isoseismals
EMS-98 MM (Musson et al. 2010)
EMS-98
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Ea
rthqu
ake
Inte
nsity
mac
rose
ism
ic fi
eld
EMS-98 ESI-07
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Selecting and analyzing a set of referenceearthquakes
1 - Data collection
2 - Macroseismic field
3 -referencedataset
4 – Comparison5 - An integrated
macroseismic field
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1 - Data collection
2 - Macroseismic field
3 -referencedataset
4 – Comparison5 - An integrated
macroseismic field
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GIS analysis
- a GIS-based approach- IDPs number, distribution- Isoseismals as input data- Gridding (5x5 km)
- Distance statisticsfollowing Bakun and Wentworth (1997)
Intensity = 𝑎𝑎 − (𝑏𝑏 � 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑎𝑎𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷)
Intensity and epicentral distance
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Intensity binning for a reference earthquake
(e.g., 1942 Mw 7.8)
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dis
tanc
e(m
eter
s)
Intensity (MM)
1942 Mw 7.8
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1 - Data collection
2 - Macroseismic field
3 - referencedataset
4 –Comparison
5 - An integratedmacroseismic
field
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1 - Data collection
2 - Macroseismic field
3 - referencedataset 4 – Comparison
5 - An integrated
macroseismic field
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Distance binning
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Conclusions
1. The Pedernales earthquake produced a maximum intensity of IX ESI−07 along a 70-km-long coastal area.
2. As expected, we observed higher values for ESI-07 in the near field, whereas far-field intensity is well depicted by EMS-98 data.
3. We argue that this is mainly due to the improvement of building quality through time, resulting in a less vulnerable urban environment.
4. A merged database of EMS-98 + ESI-07 intensity data, depict a macroseismic field closer to a reference dataset, likely overcoming both the limitations of EMS-98 and ESI-07.
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…further details and the
original datasets as supplementary material
Chunga et al., (2018) - BSSA