Intelligenter Transport Services für ägyptische Straßen ... an ITS plan for Egypt that will...
Transcript of Intelligenter Transport Services für ägyptische Straßen ... an ITS plan for Egypt that will...
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Intelligenter Transport Services für ägyptische Straßen:
Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten
Prof. Dr. Khaled El-Araby Professor für Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrstechnik, Ain
Shams Universität, Kairo
Verkehr Aktuell- Smart Mobility Verkehrszentrum des Deutschen Museums
München 23.10.2014
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Gliederung
• Ägyptens Außerorts- und städtische Straßen
• Probleme: Ursache und Wirkung
• Ägyptens ITS Strategie
– Identifizierung/Entwicklung der Prioritäten der ITS Services bei ägyptischen Straßennetzen
• Lösungsansätze
• ITS Implementierungsplanung für Kairos Ringstraße
• Leuchtturm-Projekte
• Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen
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Ägyptisches Straßennetz
2010 Daten: • Einwohner Ägyptens: 80 Mio.
• Einwohner Kairo: 20 Mio.
• 23.586 Km Außerortsstrasse • Schnellstraßen: 395 Km • Überlandstraßen: 15.000 Km • Andere Straße: 8.190 km
• 59.500 Km städtische und regionale
Straßenkilometer
• 18.5 Mio. Tägliche Fahrten • Kairo: 6 Mio. Tägliche Fahrten
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Entwicklung Anzahl Fahrzeug versus Einwohneranzahl / GNP (1987-2000)
Source: CAPMAS, 2006
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Entwicklung und Verteilung Personenbeförderung / Güterverkehr
Freight Transport Modal Shares 2010
Passenger Transport Modal Shares 2010
Daily Person/Daily Cargo (Tonne) Trips
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Statistik der Straßenverkehrsunfälle
Ref.: WHO, 2013
Egypt Road Accident Records (2009): • 15,000 road accident fatalities • 155,000 road accident injuries
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Entwicklung von Kairo und Umgebung
Population Density: 15,000 per sq.Km Current Pop.: 17.3 million
Ref.: GTZ, 2010
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Kairos städtische Struktur
• Stadt ist kompakt mit dichter Bebauung
• Fahrten sind verhältnismäßig kurz, 50% der Bevölkerung lebt innerhalb von einem Radium von 15 km um den Ramses Platz im Zentrum
• Informelle Siedlungen stellen 39% von Kairos Fläche dar und 63% der Bewohner leben in 17% im Großraum von Kairo in 2008 (63% entspricht 11 Mil. Einwohner)
• Das historische Kairo belegt einen wesentlichen Teil des Stadtkerns
• Neue Städte in der Wüste belegen das ca. 2,2-fache der Fläche vom heutigen Kairo und beheimaten weniger als 5% der Einwohnen Kairos (800,000 Einwohner)
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Die wesentlichen Verkehrsprobleme der Stadt
• Kritische Verkehrsstaus
• Schlechter ÖPNV
• Hohe Anzahl an Verkehrsunfällen – 1.000 Unfallopfer und ca. 4.000 Verletzte pro Jahr in Kairo
• Hohe Luftverschmutzung und Straßenlärm
• Institutionelle Schwäche auf der Seite der zuständigen Behörden und Organe – Struktur, Zusammenarbeit, Effektivität, …
• Keine ausreichenden Finanzmittel
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Ref.: World Bank, 2011
Benchmark: Pkw-Dichte
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Ref.: World Bank, 2011
Benchmark: Anteil Busse pro Einwohner
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High metro ridership, but limited coverage Ref.: World Bank, 2011
Benchmark: Fahrgäste im Metronetz pro Tag und Km
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Historisches Kairo
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Close to 65% of inhabitants of greater Cairo are living in informal settlements
Informelle Siedlungen Kairo
Ref.: GTZ, 2010
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Verkehr in Informellen Siedlungen
More than 55% of vehicle trips are minibus trips
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Neue Städte im Großraum Kairo
• Große Flächen • Erhebliche
Investitionen aber • Geringe Nachfrage • Hoch spekulativ • Große Fahrstrecken
Ref.: GOPP, 2002
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Herausforderungen von Kairos Verkehr - 1
17
7.2 8.6
2.9
8.1
14.91.2
2.1
10.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2001 2022
Million Trips(un-linked)
Others
PublicTransport
Cars
Walk
67%
74%
(48%)
(44%)
(13%) (25%)
(33%) (26%)
Trip Pattern Mechanized Trip Pattern
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001 2022
Others
PublicTransport
Car
72%
59%
22%
32%
• Car Ownership will grow at 4.2% p.a. From 1.05 million (2001) to 2.5 million (2022)
• Households without access to car From 70% (2001) to 55% (2022)
Per Capita Income Growth : 2.9%
Motorization will Progress Faster than the Economic Growth
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18 18
Passenger Cars 16.4 %
Passenger Cars 16.4 %
Taxi 6.9 %
Taxi 6.9 %
Motorized Travel 18.33 Mill Trips/Day
Motorized Travel 18.33 Mill Trips/Day
Motorized Travel 18.33 Mill Trips/Day
Non-motorized Travel 6.61 Mill Trips/Day
Other 1.3 %
Other 1.3 %
Motorcycle 0.7 Percent
Motorcycle 0.7 Percent
Motorized Travel 18.33 Mill Trips/Day
School/Employer Bus 6.8 %
Public Transport 67.9 %
24.9 Million Trips/Day (Unlinked trip)
18.3 Million Via motorized Modes.
68% are made by public transport.
Ref.: JICA, 2011
Herausforderungen von Kairos Verkehr - 2
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Herausforderungen von Kairos Verkehr - 3 Jahr 2010 ÖPNV Fahrten Verteilung
Data source: JICA Study Team. Data exclude Maadi and refer to unlinked trips derived from HIS prior to
network calibration procedures.
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501 Mill Trips/Day Shared Taxi
52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Public Bus 24.6 % 3.058 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Metro 16.6 % 2.061 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Transport Coops Mini 1.0 % 0.126 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Suburban Rail 0.6 % 0.078 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Light Rail 1.4 % 0.175 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Public Minibus 3.4 % 0.426 Mill Trips/Day
Shared Taxi 52.3 % 6.501Mill Trips/Day
Nile Ferry 0.1 % 0.011 Mill Trips/Day
Ref.: JICA, 2011
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Typische Verkehrsprobleme
Mix of Vehicles/Pedestrians/Street Vendors on Street
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Chronischer Verkehrsstau / Verkehrsüberlastung
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Schlechter Öffentlicher Nahverkehr
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Unakzeptable Parkenmöglichkeiten und unsichere Bushaltestellen
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Schlechte Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung
Ramses Square till 1970’s Ramses Square Now
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Luftverschmutzung und Lärmbelastung
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Kairos Verkehrsüberwachungszentrale – General Traffic Department
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Schwächen der Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung
• Pkw-Orientierte Verkehrs- und Stadtplanung • Unausgewogene Verkehrspolitik:
– 11% of households own a car, cars make up 67% of total urban road traffic on average
– Only 4-5% of population live in new towns
• Keine Priorität für den ÖPNV • Es fehlt ein effektives Verkehrsmanagement • Keine Einschränkung des Pkw-Verkehr
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To develop a well-functioning “Transport System” for up-lifting people’s quality of life
Umweltfreundlich
Unterstützung der Armen
Effizient
Verbesserung der Mobilität
Zuverlässiger und Sicherer Verkehr
A New Challenge for
Making Egypt Innovative !
Ziele einer Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung für Ägypten
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Strategiebausteine
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ITS Strategie für Ägyptens Straßen
Support to the Reform of the Egyptian Transport Sector
“An EU Technical Assistance Project” (EuropeAid / 129110 / SER / CE /G)
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ITS Strategie Plan für Ägypten Eckpunkte des Projekts
• Funded by the EuropeAid/EU Technical Assistance to support the Ministry of Transport in the reform of the Egyptian Transport Sector Programme
• Managed by the Ministry of Transport with coordination by IDOM (Spain)
• Set up of necessary arrangements between government stakeholders: Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Communication and Ministry of Interior.
• Involvement of private companies to push for quick deployment of ITS services
• Started in May 2013 with duration 12 months
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Warum ist eine ITS Strategie so wichtig?
1. ITS liefert Lösungen für spezifische Transport Probleme, Anforderungen und Bedürfnisse Visionäre Elemente und Strategien, um auf die Bedürfnisse der Verkehrsteilnehmer zu reagieren
2. Weg der Integration der ITS Initiativen auf andere Teile des Verkehrsplanungsprozess
3. Umfassende kostengünstige Einführung von ITS im Laufe der Zeit 4. Bringt Organisationen zusammen in Planung, Implementierung und
Betrieb 5. Identifiziert und spezifiziert Prioritäten finanzierbarer ITS Projekte
Die Herausforderung der ITS ist nicht nur die Planung und der Bau der ITS Infrastruktur, sondern auch der nachhaltige Betrieb und das
Management des Transportsystems, um eine größere Sicherheit und Effizienz zu erzielen.
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ITS Strategy Plan für Ägypten - Ziele
1. Develop an ITS plan for Egypt that will address the immediate and long term needs and also determine a Staging Plan for implementation of ITS applications on the key road networks;
2. Determine a reference architecture framework of integrating ITS solutions including organizational, service requirements and overall technical specifications;
3. Determine possible avenues of funding and procurement of ITS solutions.
4. Develop necessary design and specification elements for tendering selected ITS projects of immediate priority for deployment.
5. There is a need to “lock” ITS within national and regional transport plans. To achieve this, a well-defined and precise ITS National Strategy should be set up and adopted in line with the national Egypt transport strategy
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Ägyptens ITS Strategy - Methodik
ITS Ägyptens Studie • STAGE 1 - ITS Strategic Plan • STAGE 2- Planungs- und
Ausschreibungsunterlagen für eine unmittelbare ITS Umsetzung • Implementierung in Planungsschritten
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ITS Study: Three Phased Approach
• Requirements Capture
• Business Options and benefits
• Implementation
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ITS Strategic Plan Vision | Aspiration |
Needs | Aims
ITS Aims • Enhances safety • Improves mobility • Supports economic
development • Enhances road user service • Reduces negative
environmental impacts
Road-capacity is a commodity which needs looking after and made best
use of.
Freeing latent capacity is an essential first step to deliver
effective ITS!
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Wesentliche Verkehrproblemfelder identifiziert durch die Entscheidungsträger
• Verkehrsstaus auf städtischen Strasse • Luftqualität • Hoher Anteil an Verkehrsgefährdung auf Grund von
schlechtem Verhalten im Verkehr • Überladene, zu hohe/lange Schwerlast-Lkw auf inter-
städtischen Strassen Alle hier genannten Problemfelder werden von den Entscheidungsträgern im Projekt ähnlich stark gewichtet. Diese Problemfelder werden begleitet durch: • Hoher Anteil von Verkehrsunfällen • Fehlen eines geeigneten ÖPNV-Systems • Unsichere Bahnübergänge
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Analyse der Anforderungen
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ITS Service Prioritäten
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Prioritäten von ITS Services
Service Category Service Name Priority
Traveller Information Pre-Trip Information
Short Term
On-Trip Information
Traffic Management
Transportation Planning Manage Traffic Incident Management Policing/Enforcing Traffic Regulations
Infrastructure Maintenance Management
Commercial Vehicle Automated Roadside Safety Inspection (WIM)
Electronic Payment Electronic Financial Transactions
Medium Term
Traveller Information
On-Trip Driver Information On-Trip Public Transport Information Personal Information Services (On-Trip Traveller Information) Route Guidance and Navigation
Commercial Vehicle Commercial Vehicle Pre-Clearance Commercial Vehicle Fleet Management
Public Transport Public Transport Management Shared Transport Management
Emergency Emergency Vehicle Management Hazardous Materials and Incident Notification
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Elemente der ägyptischen ITS Reference Architektur
Functional Viewpoint
Requirements and Needs
Short-Listed Priority ITS Application Areas for Egypt- Del. 5.5
Operational Concept
Physical Viewpoint Communication Viewpoint
Organisational/Institutional Viewpoint
- Deployment Plan – Deiverable 5.11
- Cost-Benefit – Deliverable 5.8
Reference Architecture
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Software and data for ITS
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Kriterien zum Identifizieren von Prioritätsschwerpunkten der ITS Entwicklung
1. Breiter Konsens der Entscheidungsträger
2. Verkehrsnachfrage
3. Verkehrssicherheit
4. Wirtschaftliche und bevölkerungstechnische Entwicklung
5. Straßenentwicklungsprogramm
6. Zugang zu Kommunikationsinfrastruktur
7. Allgemeine Sicherheitsaspekte
8. Schutz vor Vandalismus
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Betriebskonzept
Urban and Motorway
Road Infrastructure
GARBLT Traffic Management Centre
GDT Traffic Enforcement and Surveillance Centre
Road Works VMS HAR
Third-Party Information Provider
Network Surveillance
Police Patrols
Emergency Services
Incident Detection
Traffic Manage
CCTV Surveillance
Automated Enforcement
notificatio
response
Incident
Command
incident information
resource
request
Traffic information
Traffic Monitoring
Highway Management and Operations
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Vorgeschlagene Rollen
The DBOM model is quite suitable for ITS deployment in Egypt due to the current institutional resources in the design, build and operation and maintenance of technology infrastructure on roads. With the help of quality engineering and financial management from public agencies with support from independent expert team, a contract can be signed with a top-level ITS system integrator and supplier on the basis of a transparent and rigorous procurement process involving clear business model and risk allocation. The public sector secures the project’s financing.
Risk Public Agency Private Contractor Needs & Employers Requirements √
Detailed Design √ Construction √ Finance √ Commercial Getting the contract right Supply chain management Traffic Management Operations √ Operate & Maintain √ Regulatory √ Political √
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AADT – Durchschnittlicher, jährlicher Tagesverkehrsleistung 2012
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Ägyptens ITS Entwicklungsplan
• Think Big – Start Small • Appropriate progression of ITS deployments in a
staged manner allows for confidence building on part of the users as well as deployment players.
• Such an approach can include developing small-scale pilot deployments of priority ITS services to demonstrate viability and fine-tune designs and operational arrangements prior to wide-scale deployment.
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Prioritäten an ITS Anwendungen
Traveller information systems including variable message signs, driver information (HAR), information portals, personalised information Traffic management systems including advanced traffic control measures as speed control, automatic incident detection and management, traffic guidance, etc., Automated traffic enforcement systems including speed enforcement, truck enforcement, weigh-in-motion, tracking and tracing of illegal vehicles, payment enforcement, etc.,
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Ägyptens ITS Umsetzungsplan
Umsetzung in Schritten 1. Phase 1a: Grundkonzept für ein ITS Struktur for Kairo Region
(Kairos Ring Strasse) 1. Builds ITS foundations – National telecommunications &
TMCs and National ITS Standards 2. Typical ITS Deployments on Cairo regional network 3. Gain “Network Management” operational experience
2. Phase 1b: basiert auf Phase 1a; z.B. mehr Verkehrserfassung und –überwachung, AID, Verkehrskontrolle, etc.
3. Phase 2: mittelfristige Umsetzung: z.B. mehrere Bereiche wie FMS, EFC, PTM, Navigationsdienste etc integrieren
4. Phase 3: langfristige Umsetzung : e.g. UTC…..
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ITS Priority Road Corridors Phase 1: 2014-2016
Unmittelbare Umsetzung: Cairo Ring Road Cairo 26th July Corridor (Mehwar
Road)
Kurzfristige Umsetzung: Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road
including Wadi Al-Natroun-Alamein link
Alexandria-Mersa Matrouh Road Greater Cairo Regional Ring Road Cairo-Suez Road Cairo-Ismailia Road Cairo-Asyut (West) Road Cairo-Sokhna Road Ports & Terminals
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Implementation Phase (Stage 2 Study)
Priority Deployments Identified based on: Needs Assessment and Deployment Roadmap
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Umittelbare Umsetzungsplanung von IVS-Massnahmen auf Kairo Ring
Road
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AADT on Cairo Ring Road 2010
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% of trucks on Ring Road
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Ring Road Traffic – statistics
Cars67%
Bus7%
Microbus10%
Trucks16%
Distribution of vehicles per category
Truck type Percentage
Light Truck 2%
Heavy Truck Single Unit 5%
Articulated & Semi-Trailer Truck
9%
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Beispiele des Alltags für Probleme in der Verkehrssicherheit
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Priority ITS Applications on Ring Road
Traveller information systems including variable message signs, driver information (HAR), information portals, personalised information Traffic management systems including advanced traffic control measures as speed control, automatic incident detection and management, traffic guidance, etc., Automated traffic enforcement systems including speed enforcement, truck enforcement, weigh-in-motion, tracking and tracing of illegal vehicles, payment enforcement, etc.,
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Planned Immediate ITS Measures on the Cairo Ring Road
• On-line Traffic Detection
• Dynamic Traffic Diversions via VMS • Expansion of Speed Enforcement
• Truck lane usage enforcement (right lane usage)
• Truck Weigh-In-Motion Control at exits and service roads
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Phase 1a – Unmittelbar Umsetzung
Kairo Ring Strasse ITS & Kommunikationsinfrastruktur Essentials
Telecoms network TMCs and traffic surveillance systems Institutional framework for deployment and operations Capacity building at the participating organizations
ITS Umsetzung (Kairo Ringstrasse und verbundene Korridore) Mid-link traffic detection on ring road Strategic VMS- Alternative routing and traveller information at
strategic points Weigh in Motion on busy HGV sections in ring road Smart cameras Traffic enforcement cameras: speed + left lane usage of trucks CCTV surveillance cameras on gantries and posts
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Phase 1a ITS ITS Massnahme auf der Ringstrasse
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Phase 1a Programme
Prepare Contract & Specs
3 Months?
Tender Procure
6-7 months?
Mobilise & Install
12-18 Months?
Commission 3 Months?
Operate maintain 5 years?
June 2014?
2014?
2015?
Start 2016?
Mid 2016?
2021?
Vorläufiger Zeitplan
Dependences include: • Telecoms - provided in short-term over TE Data network • Other GCRR Improvements – timescales & co-ordination • Sign off to proceed – go ahead decision • Procurement: Early Contractor Responsibility Design-Build-Operated Maintain Contract • Operator training – system and traffic management • TMC set-up • GARBLT – ITS Unit/Division; Structural Engineers/approvals; highway design • Other resources – design team; procurement team; contract supervision
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Leuchtturm Projekte
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• How to use smart mobile technology to improve transport in Cairo, make it less congested and safer for drivers, passengers and users of public transport.
• Open to all app creators: developers, marketeers or users with ideas. Technical and business mentorship
• Supported by World Bank, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Ministry of Transport, Egypt tech community (http://cairo.hackathome.com)
Problem Statements: • Improving driver behaviour and education • Encouraging shared rides and car-pooling • Public transportation information system • Increasing effective traffic enforcement • Data collection on traffic situation in Cairo • Harassment and other personal safety issues
Kairos Verkehrs Smart Apps Wettbewerb – 1
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• The challenge began with a workshop held at Egypt’s Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center (TIEC) in September 2012, resulting in more than 24 application submissions. The top ideas were whittled down to 10 finalists by experts and mentors, with the “most popular” app chosen through online voting.
Kairos Verkehrs App Wettbewerb – 1
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Cairo Transport App Challenge Awards Event 16/2/2013
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ITS for real-time traffic information “Navigate through Egypt’s traffic using community based traffic information App”
Wasalny “get me to my destination"
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3 Beliaa App
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Beliaa App
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Mokhalfa App
El-Araby
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Automatisierte Bahnübergänge - 2
• Phase I (2007-2012): 130+ crossings
• Phase II (2013-2014): 150+ crossings
• Full signalization of railway lines Source: ENR, 2012
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مزلقان كفر بطا
Before
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مزلقان كفر بطا
After Development
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Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlung
• Eine nationale ITS Strategie ist für eine gute Vorbereitung, Planung und Umsetzung von ITS Dienstleistungen notwendig, die mit der nationalen Verkehrsstrategie abgestimmt sein soll.
• Eine ITS Strategie hängt von politischen und dem planerischen Kontext ab – ein fortlaufender Dialog ist hier notwendig
• Ein ITS Anführer auf der politischen, technologischen, planerischen Ebene ist notwendig
• Entwicklung/Umsetzung von ITS Implementierungen in Schritten auf der Basis von bewährter Technologie und einer fundierten Finanzierungsbasis – BE FLEXIBLE !!
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“Everything was attempted. What was not done, I dreamt” „Alles war versucht. Was war noch nicht getan, habe ich geträumt“
Gabriele D’Annunzio (1863-1938)
Vielen Dank !
Dr Khaled El Araby