Intelligent Surface Threat Intelligent Surface Threat Identification System Identification System (ISTIS)(ISTIS)

IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007

Presented by:Presented by: Robert Richards, Ph.D.Robert Richards, Ph.D.

Richards@StottlerHenke.comRichards@StottlerHenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.com

Objectives• Improve Littoral ID Process, quality, and efficiency

– Better ID estimations from available data– Sooner ID determinations– Prevention of ID “Surprises”– Better use of scarce ID resources

• Investigate littoral, surface ID techniques • Implement in the Intelligent Surface Threat ID System

(ISTIS)

Related Projects

• Intelligent Identification Software Module (IISM)• LCS Undersea Threat Assessment• TAO ITS and ITS authoring tool • GRTS TAO ITS• Navy Tactics Representation and Execution

System (TRES)• Visual Intelligent Behavior Authoring

(SimBionic)• Advanced Early Warning Real-Time Advisory

System (AEW/RTAS)

Motivation:Current Identification Problems• Wide variation in ID abilities• Knowing whose-who even after ID information

received• Track Split/Merge• Maintaining Competing Hypotheses for a track• Classified Automatic Track ID Problems• Remembering Track History

(both short and long-term)• Analyzing behavior/correlations• Correlating new tracks with previous tracks • Knowing/Executing Optimal ID Procedures• Quickly Assessing Threat

Architecture

Track trajectory and other data

Path Segmenting Sanity Checking

Threat Processing Trigger Processing

ID Processing Merge-Split Processing

Path Analysis

User Interface Manager

Data Feed Manager

Age

nt

Arc

hite

ctur

e

Recommendations

ID Personnel

AI TechniquesAI Techniques• Truth MaintenanceTruth Maintenance• Case-Based ReasoningCase-Based Reasoning• Behavior Transition Networks (BTNs)Behavior Transition Networks (BTNs)• Fuzzy LogicFuzzy Logic• Pattern Recognition/LearningPattern Recognition/Learning• Constraint-Based Planning, Scheduling, and Constraint-Based Planning, Scheduling, and

Resource OptimizationResource Optimization• Knowledge Elicitation / Cognitive Task Knowledge Elicitation / Cognitive Task

AnalysisAnalysis• Expert SystemsExpert Systems

Example of Density of Contacts that Need Monitoring and Assessing

Example Scenario 1

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6 7

LCS

Example Scenario 2.1

Example Scenario 2.2

Example Scenario 2.3

Example Scenario 2.4

Example Scenario 2.5 (Pause)

Example Scenario 2

5

3

2

4

6

1

ISTIS Capabilities• Intelligent Tactical Memory:

Track attributes (position, velocity, ID information, History)

Associate previous tracks with new track information.

Complete track history (track merge or ID swap) Past Relevant Tracks/Patterns used to

recommend/warn Definable ID, Threat Assessment, & Notification

Criteria Intelligent Track History Analysis

(position/velocity/proximity/interactions/behavior correlations) to estimate associations & hostile intentions

Multiple Competing Hypotheses for ID (type/owner country) with Hierarchy of possible ID values (type, color/country)

ISTIS Capabilities (More & Re-stated)• Merge-Split Processing for Radar Merges and

Track Fades and Reasoning through Multiple Hypotheses

• Maneuver Correlation Detection• Surface ID Processing, Fusion, and Behavior

Analysis• Action Recommendation based on Heuristics• Route Planning to ID a Set of Contacts and/or

Search an Area• Ability of Tactical Personnel to Edit and

Change ID, Alerting, and Recommendation Behaviors in Real-time

ISTIS Dynamic Map Display

ISTIS Track Information, Recommendations, and Alerts Display

Demonstration• Strait of Malacca• Alerts: Leaving commercial lanes /

intercepting • Merge-Split: automatic reasoning backward

and forward• Multiple hypothesis / Hierarchical reasoning• Intercept/formation maneuver correlations• Heading and UAV recommendations• Immediate Threat alert• Demo video

Conclusion• ISTIS is an AI system that improves the Littoral ID

Process, quality, and efficiency by– Better ID estimations from available data

• Tracking ambiguous signals• storing and handling past target data

– Sooner ID determinations– Prevention of ID “Surprises”

• assessing threat levels & notifying users of alert conditions

– Better use of scarce ID resources• filtering out insane data• keeping track of multiple track hypotheses based on the fusion of

evidence from multiple sources

• Capable today and continuing to be enhanced• Lockheed Martin (a LCS Builder) is partner• Interested in other potential users or partners

Intelligent Surface Threat Intelligent Surface Threat Identification System Identification System (ISTIS)(ISTIS)

IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007

Presented by:Presented by: Robert Richards, Ph.D.Robert Richards, Ph.D.

Richards@StottlerHenke.comRichards@StottlerHenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.com